羊踯躅高效植株再生技术

本研究以羊踯躅新生嫩茎段为外植体,应用均匀设计法对影响羊踯躅腋芽萌发、伸长、生长同时生根的各主要因素及其水平的作用进行了实验探讨。结果表明,最适合羊踯躅嫩茎段腋芽萌发、伸长、生长同时生根的培养基为:1/4DR+ZT0.06mg/L+NAA0.02mg/L+GA31.00mg/L。以再生植株茎节为材料进行快繁的结果表明,在28d的培养周期内,每段增殖倍数平均达5以上,植株再生率达97.3%。再生植株的炼苗栽培成活率达99.0%以上。成功建立了高效植株再生体系,所建立的高效植株再生体系可以满足羊踯躅工厂化育苗的需要。     

四倍体刺槐的组织培养快繁技术研究

以MS为基本培养基,取四倍体刺槐茎段作外植体进行组织培养研究,结果表明,MS基本培养基+6-BA 0.25mg.L-1+NAA0.05 mg.L-1可有效诱导四倍体用材型刺槐单芽茎段上的腋芽萌发并抽生成嫩梢,腋芽的萌发率为100%;转入MS基本培养基+6-BA1.0mg.L-1+NAA0.2mg.L-1或MS基本培养基+6-BA2.0mg.L-1+IBA0.5mg.L-1培养,可有效诱导丛生芽的增殖,繁殖系数可达93.8%~100%;MS基本培养基+NAA0.2mg.L-1,可诱导试管嫩梢100%生根,而且根系愈伤组织很小;并且成功地进行了试管苗的移栽,成活率达95%以上。     

巨尾桉组织培养快繁技术研究

以巨尾桉优良无性系无菌苗带腋芽的茎段为外植体,诱导产生丛生芽,探讨不同浓度无机盐对诱导产生的丛生芽黄化率的影响,并开展丛生芽壮苗和生根培养.结果表明:诱导产生丛生芽的最佳培养基为:改良MS+ZT 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1;降低丛生芽黄化率的最佳无机盐离子浓度是在MS大量元素的基础上增加Ca2+和Mg2+浓度、Fe2+和Mn2+浓度;壮苗后生根最佳培养基为:改良1/2 MS+IBA 1.0mg·L-1+NAA 1.5 mg·L-1.从而建立了高效巨尾桉组培再生系统,为桉树良种选育和遗传转化等研究提供材料和基础手段.     

思茅松丛生芽诱导及植株再生

以思茅松成熟合子胚培育的无菌苗的带子叶顶芽为外植体,建立了思茅松组培的丛生芽诱导、伸长和生根的植株再生体系。丛生芽诱导培养基为1/2MS+2.0～3.0 mg.L-16-BA+0.05～0.1 mg.L-1NAA,其诱导率为93.3%;丛生芽伸长诱导培养基为1/2 MS+0.05 mg.L-1NAA;丛生芽小芽不定根诱导培养基为1/2MS+2.0 mg.L-1IBA,其生根率为46.67%。     

香樟茎段组培快繁技术

以多年生香樟茎段为外植体,进行丛生芽的诱导和快速繁殖试验。结果表明:无菌茎段接种至MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+IBA 0.07 mg·L-1的诱导培养基中,腋芽明显萌动并伸长展叶,且萌发率为100%;在MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA0.05 mg·L-1可形成大量丛生芽,平均有效芽数可达5.2个;在1/2 MS+IBA 0.05 mg·L-1生根培养基中培养20 d后,丛生芽全部生根,移栽成活率可达90%。     

蝴蝶兰丛生芽快繁体系的建立

以蝴蝶兰花梗腋芽为外植体,对消毒方法、培养基种类、激素浓度、褐化控制等因素进行研究,结果表明:花梗切为2～3 cm带腋芽段,预处理后用0.1%升汞灭菌15 min,灭菌成功率达90%;花梗腋芽最适诱导培养基为MS或1/2MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L;丛生芽诱导最适培养基为1/2MS+6-BA 7.5 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L;生根最适培养基为1/2MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+AC 1.0 g/L+香蕉泥60 mg/L。建立了一套通过诱导丛生芽进行蝴蝶兰快繁的有效途径。     

柽柳两种不同快速繁殖途径的效果比较

先取柽柳嫩茎接种于诱导培养基上诱导出丛生芽,再取柽柳嫩茎和丛生芽同时接种在含有不同浓度NAA的MS培养基上分化生根。结果表明:添加0.01 mg.L-1NAA的MS培养基适宜柽柳嫩茎生根;添加0.05 mg.L-1NAA的MS培养基适宜丛生芽生根。其中,由柽柳嫩茎产生的试管苗生长旺盛,根系发达,移栽成活率高,是一种较好的快速繁殖途径。     

笃斯越桔离体培养及植株再生体系的建立

以笃斯越桔新生嫩芽为外植体,应用均匀设计法筛选其最适合的基部直接再生芽苗和生根的培养基,结果表明,最适合的基部直接再生芽苗诱导培养基为:DR+2-ip2.75 mg·L-1 +IAA0.10 mg·L-1,诱导率为99%;生根培养基:MS(改良)+IAA 1.00 mg·L-1 +Kt0.30 mg·L-1,生根率达98%;以再生植株的茎节为材料进行快繁的结果表明,在25 d的一个培养周期内增殖倍数平均达40以上,快繁培养基:MS(改良)+IAA 0.50～1.00 mg·L-1 +Kt0.30 mg·L-1+GA3 0.20 mg·L-1.建立了笃斯越桔的植株再生和快繁体系.     

青钱柳茎段腋芽萌发和丛生芽增殖

为建立高效的青钱柳组培快繁体系,以青钱柳茎段腋芽作为外植体,WPM为基本培养基,研究不同植物生长调节剂种类及其浓度组合对腋芽萌发和丛生芽增殖的影响.结果表明:9个处理的激素组合对青钱柳腋芽萌发均有不同程度的促进作用.其中,6-BA 3 mg·L-1+2ip 1 mg·L-1 +NAA 0.1 mg·L-1处理效果最佳,萌芽率最高(83.33%),芽生长状态最好,但各处理诱导的均以单芽为主.将单芽置于添加TDZ的培养基中则诱导的均为丛芽,最佳组合为TDZ 0.1 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1,萌芽率、增殖系数均达最高,分别为100%和7.33.培养基中添加2.0 mg·L-1 GA,能有效地促进丛生芽的伸长生长,芽苗生长健壮,为后续生根奠定良好基础.     

天目铁木丛生芽诱导和试管苗保存技术

以天目铁木嫩茎为外植体,应用均匀设计法筛选其基部直接再生丛生芽苗和试管苗保存的最适合培养基.结果表明,最适合的嫩茎尖基部再生芽苗培养基为:1/4 DR+ TDZ 3.80 mg,/L+ NAA 0.03 mg/L+ KT 1.50mg/L,诱导率达99.0％以上;试管苗保存培养基为:1/8 DR+ TDZ 0.45 mg/L+ KT 1.60 mg/L+根皮苷2.80 mg/L,在试管内保存18个月,平均生长率为2.26％.成功建立了天目铁木嫩茎基部直接再生丛生芽苗和试管苗保存体系.     

Statistical evaluation of bud development theories: application to bud burst of Betula pendula leaves

Resampling methods were used to evaluate models based on alternative bud development theories applied to Betula pendula Roth data. Statistical testing based on the bootstrap method showed that the mean square errors (MSE) of the predicted bud-burst dates of two models, in which the start of ontogenetic development depended on dormancy development only, did not differ significantly. However, the MSE of the model in which the start of ontogenesis depended on a signal from light climate, indicated by using a fixed calendar date, was significantly smaller than that of the models depending on dormancy development. Model parameters were highly multi-collinear; i.e., sensitive to changes in the data. The cross-validation method was used to determine the prediction error of the models. The predictive ability of the models was not much less for an independent data set than for the original data.     

东部白松异砧芽接技术试验

以东部白松为接穗、红松为砧木进行异砧芽接试验,结果表明:嫁接后1个月接芽开始伸长,秋季嫁接成活率平均为92.1%,接合部以上高生长量平均为12.3 cm。与髓心形成层贴接相比较,芽接繁殖材料采集量可提高3倍以上,砧木创伤长度缩小60%以上,绑扎材料用量节省30%以上,绑扎效率提高50%以上,平均嫁接速度提高20%,操作过程更为方便。     

Estimated bud development period in Picea abies

The bud development period was estimated using shoot growth data from a Phytotron study in which six full‐sib families of Picea abies L. (Karst.) (Norway spruce) were grown for six growth periods. Simple algebraic relationships based on assumptions of the relationship between shoot growth and bud development were used. The estimated bud development period, defined as the period when the budscale and needle primordia were initiated, decreased as growth periods advanced. Furthermore, the relationship between the period of production of free growth needles and bud scales to that of predetermined needle primordia was surprisingly constant irrespective of the change in free growth. These results indicate that free growth during one year did not encroach on the period of predetermined growth, but instead increased the amount of predetermined growth.     

水曲柳枝芽特性的研究

本研究以水曲柳枝芽为试材,采用石蜡切片与外部形态观测相结合的方法,目的在于明确水曲柳枝芽生长特性和发育进程,以期完善该树种的发育生物学的基础理论研究。     

Seedling cold hardiness, bud set, and bud break in nine provenances of Pinus greggii Engelm.

Cold hardiness and timing of bud set and bud break are important processes that provide protection of nursery seedlings against low temperatures. Seedlings of 9 provenances of Pinus greggii from two different regions of Mexico were tested to determine cold hardiness, bud set, and bud break timing differences. Needle sections were exposed to freezing temperatures to determine an injury index of each provenance. In addition, bud set and bud break timing were recorded through the fall, winter and spring. There were significant differences in cold hardiness between seedlings from northern and southern provenances. At the maximum cold hardiness, the index of injury (LT₅₀) for northern provenances was LT₅₀ = −18 °C, compared to −12 °C for southern provenances. There was a considerable variation among the provenances in the proportion of seedlings that set terminal buds. Seedlings from northern provenances had greater proportions of seedlings that set a terminal bud than seedlings from southern provenances. There were also significant differences in the bud break timing in the following spring among the 9 provenances. Seedlings from northern provenances broke bud earlier than southern provenances. Cold hardiness, bud set, and bud break timing results may be useful to determine how far a specific seed source can be moved from its natural environment.     

红哺鸡竹丛生芽诱导的初步研究

以红哺鸡竹为材料，以MS为基本培养基，通过对外植体不同的消毒方法和防褐变处理，附加不同种类和浓度的植物生长调节物质诱导丛生芽。结果表明：红哺鸡竹带芽节段最佳消毒方式是75％酒精浸泡30s，用0．1％升汞处理6min。红哺鸡竹丛生芽诱导的最佳培养基是：MS＋6-BA（5mg／L）＋TDZ（0．1mg／L）。在培养基中加入PVP（1g／L）有明显的防褐变效果，外植体在半胱氨酸（100mg／L）溶液浸泡30min以及暗培养能有效降低褐化率。     

Monitoring eucalypt bud temperature using mobile temperature loggers

Winter chilling is a key environmental trigger of floral induction in temperate Eucalyptus. Over the past two decades, considerable site × eucalypt flowering interaction research has been undertaken over a range of high elevation (>1 100?m asl) forestry sites in the South African summer rainfall area. A practical method of accurately monitoring eucalypt bud temperature at remote sites in these areas was needed for this research. Utilisation of traditional methods of air and bud temperature measurement were not viable, due to significant risks of data and meteorological equipment loss posed by severe weather, vandalism and theft. Between 1996 and 2004, a robust structure for housing the miniature Hobo® temperature logger (hereafter termed ‘Hobo pole’) was designed and utilised for in-field monitoring of air temperature in the research trials. During 2009 and 2010, an experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between E. nitens bud temperature (BudT), Hobo pole air temperature (HoboAT) and radiation screen air temperature (ScrnAT), and develop appropriate calibration models. Attempts to develop a single model for predicting hourly BudT from hourly HoboAT over the entire annual period yielded unsatisfactory results (maximum R?2 value 0.49). Separate winter and summer regression models were subsequently developed for predicting BudT from HoboAT, ScrnAT from HoboAT, and BudT from ScrnAT. In these regressions, R?2 values were generally slightly higher, and SE values lower, for mid-winter data than for mid-summer data. In mid-winter, BudT on HoboAT gave the highest R?2 value (0.99) and lowest SE value (0.49 °C) of all regressions. The Hobo logger/Hobo pole combination, together with developed regression models (presented in this paper), offers one practical, cost-effective solution for accurately monitoring eucalypt bud temperature at remote, high-elevation forestry sites in South Africa.     

紫叶稠李的芽接试验

通过对紫叶稠李的芽接试验,总结了紫叶稠李芽接成活的关键是砧木和接穗的选择,芽接的时间和芽接的方法步骤以及成活后的初期管理。     

山椒芽营养成分及其评价

为了开发与利用山椒芽菜,测定了朝仓山椒和花山椒的主要营养成分,并以大红袍花椒和香椿为参照系,采用氨基酸比值法评价了椒芽中氨基酸的营养价值。结果表明:山椒芽是一种优良的木本蔬菜,其粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量分别为27.6%～35.3%、1.29%～1.96%,均显著高于香椿芽,其Ca、Fe和P的含量分别为香椿的6.25～8.54、1.89～2.79与4.15～5.31倍;山椒芽的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和总糖含量略高于大红袍花椒;山椒芽的氨基酸含量在25%～27%之间,与大红袍花椒的基本一致,却显著高于香椿芽;山椒芽蛋白质的氨基酸比值系数分为74.20～74.60,这表明其蛋白质中各种氨基酸的比例合理,质量优良。     

仙客来种子的无菌萌发及再生芽诱导

对仙客来优良品种的种子在无菌条件下进行培养 ,并以无菌萌发植株的叶、叶柄及球茎为外植体进行芽的分化诱导。结果表明 :光照条件、温度、培养基中激素含量及培养容器均对种子的萌发产生显著影响。在芽诱导过程中 ,不同激素种类及浓度对各外植体的诱导效果不同 ,叶片、球茎、叶柄均可直接诱导出芽丛 ,但以叶片为材料诱导的效果最佳