酶解羽毛粉对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选用192只23周龄产蛋良好的海兰褐商品蛋鸡探讨日粮中添加不同比例的酶解羽毛粉对蛋鸡生产性能的影响,设3个处理,每个处理4个重复。每个重复16只鸡,研究用羽毛粉代替部分植物蛋白质饲料（豆粕）的可行性。结果表明,日粮中添加2．5%、5％酶解羽毛粉对蛋鸡日只耗料量、产蛋率、日只产蛋量、平均蛋重、料蛋比5项指标均无显著影响（P〉0．05）。因此,在蛋鸡日粮中用羽毛粉代替部分植物蛋白质饲料原料是经济可行的。     

酶解羽毛粉对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

随着畜牧业迅速发展，配合饲料的使用量越来越大．需要添加蛋白质的量也越来越多。然而，目前我国饲料蛋白资源紧缺，价格较贵，不能满足需要，开辟新的蛋白资源就成为解决这一问题的主要出路。对羽毛及其它废弃毛皮脚料进行资源的二次综合利用、畜禽的羽毛制成羽毛蛋白粉，对扩大蛋白质来源和发展畜牧业保护环境都有重要的作用。     

酶解羽毛粉对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

羽毛粉是由畜禽的羽毛和抽绒剩余下的羽毛梗经加工而成，属于动物蛋白质饲料，其粗蛋白质含量超过80％。但羽毛粉蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸相对缺乏，胱氨酸含量丰富。未降锵处理的羽毛粉饲用价值很低。为了研究酶解羽毛粉的应用效果，试验选用192只23周龄产蛋良好的海兰褐商品蛋鸡，探讨日粮中添加不同比例的酶鳃羽毛粉对蛋鸡生产性能的影响，设3个处理，每个处理4个重复，每个重复16只鸡，三层阶梯式笼养，自由采食和饮水，进行饲养试验。     

酶解羽毛粉对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

随着我国畜牧业的迅速发展，配合饲料的使用越来越多，需要添加蛋白质的量也越来越多。然而，目前我国饲料蛋白质来源紧缺，价格较贵，不能满足需要，开辟新的蛋白质资源就成为解决这一问题的主要途径。羽毛及其他废弃毛皮下脚料进行资源的二次综合利用、畜禽的羽毛制成羽毛蛋白粉，对扩大蛋白质来源和发展畜牧业保护环境都有重要的作用。羽毛粉是由畜禽的羽毛和抽绒剩余下的羽毛梗经加工而成，属动物蛋白质饲料。羽毛粉中粗蛋白含量高达80％以上。其蛋白质相对缺乏蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸，     

酶解羽毛粉替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选取28日龄断奶的三元杂种仔猪108头,按窝、性别、体重相近的原则分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复12头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,2.5%酶解羽毛粉组、5%酶解羽毛粉组分别用2.5%和5%的酶解羽毛粉等量替代基础饲粮中的鱼粉。饲养试验表明,试验各处理组间日增重、28～35日龄期间的腹泻率差异均不显著(P>0.05);添加酶解羽毛粉有降低料重比趋势,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);酶解羽毛粉替代鱼粉能提高饲粮粗蛋白质的表观消化率,2.5%酶解羽毛粉组和5%酶解羽毛粉组饲粮粗蛋白质表观消化率分别比对照组提高4.3%(P<0.05)和1.6%(P>0.05)。     

酶解羽毛粉饲喂啄羽癖蛋鸡效应试验

饲喂食5％酶解羽毛粉的蛋鸡饲料,可有效防治蛋鸡的啄羽症,且不影响产蛋率。     

羽毛粉对仔猪生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究酶力肽——一种新型羽毛粉（FM）对仔猪生产性能的影响。选择70日龄 长 ×大阉公猪 24头,随机分为 2组,分别为试验组和对照组,对照组饲料含有4％的鱼粉,试 验组含有3.5％的酶力肽,试验组和对照组的粗蛋白质和消化能相近,分别为 16.5％和 13 012kJ/kg。试验结果表明:对照组与试验组日增重差异不显著（p>0.05）,料肉比分别为2.34和2.59,羽毛粉经过适当的处理可以取代鱼粉。     

日粮中添加植酸酶对商品蛋鸡生产性能的影响

许多研究结果证实,在动物饲料中添加微生物植酸酶可使存在于植物籽实中的植酸分子得以水解,并游离出植酸磷(Nelson等,1968;Simons等,1990),所以在饲料中添加少量的植酸酶,动物就能在很大程度上利用植酸中的磷。simons等(1990)用微生物植酸酶喂肉鸡,结果鸡对饲料中磷的利用率显著提高,特别是对于低磷日粮,磷的利用率可提高60％,粪便中磷的排出量减少约40％,同时提高了肉仔鸡的增重速度和饲料转化率,促进了骨骼的生长。另外对猪(Young等,1993;Dungelhoet等,1994)和火鸡(Qian等,1996)也得     

不同鱼粉用量日粮对蛋鸡生产性能影响的研究

利用计算机设计鱼粉用量不同(6%、4%、2%、0%),但营养水平一致的饲料配方四种(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ),饲喂京白Ⅲ系商品蛋鸡,经六周三个阶段的重复试验,结果表明:四个组别间除个别生产性能有显著差异外,其它主要生产性能在四个组别间差异不显著,按配方顺序,产蛋数分别为10.222、10.299、10.207和9.933枚,每羽日耗料各为108.797、108.723、107.2和107.523克,每产1公斤蛋耗料分别是2.60、2.637、2.67和2.657公斤。单以饲料消耗与产蛋比较,四个组的经济效益是Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ。试验证明:在满足其营养物质需要的同时,利用低鱼粉或无鱼粉日粮饲喂蛋鸡确实可行,现报告如下:     

合生素对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

在我国传统养殖生产中,抗生素一直被用作饲料添加剂来控制畜禽疾病和提高生产性能。但随着抗生素的大量使用,其带来的负面影响日趋严重。药物残留和耐药菌株的产生及畜禽产品质量的下降,已对畜牧业可持续发展和人类健康带来严重的影响。研制开发无公害和无残留的饲料添加剂替代     

Effect of dietary defatted diatom biomass on egg production and quality of laying hens

Background： This study was to determine if feeding laying hens with defatted diatom microalgal biomass （DFA） from biofuel production affected their egg production and health status. Methods： Five replicates of 5 individually caged ISA Babcock White leghorn hens were fed 4 diets, including a corn-soybean meal control diet, a diet containing 7.5% DFA substituting for soybean meal, and diets containing 7.5% or 15% DFA substituting for corn and soybean meal. Body weights, feed intake, feed conversion ratio （FCR）, rate of egg production, egg size, egg mass, and several characteristics of eggs were determined at 4 and 8 wk. Venous blood was sampled at 4 and 8 wk for measurement of 5 biomarkers of health. Results： The15% DFA diet decreased （P 〈 0.05） feed intake, egg production, and plasma uric acid concentrations as compared with the control diet, but increased （P 〈 0.05） egg albumen weight and height compared with the 7.5% DFA diets. The two levels of DFA produced dose-dependent （P 〈 0.05） changes in three color measures of egg yolk, without affecting four hen plasma biochemical indicators of health. Conclusions： Feeding laying hens with 7.5% DFA in the corn-soybean meal diet for 8 wk had no adverse effect on their health, egg production, or egg quality, but 15% inclusion reduced feed intake, egg production, and efficiency of feed utilization.     

Effect of dietary defatted diatom biomass on egg production and quality of laying hens

Background

This study was to determine if feeding laying hens with defatted diatom microalgal biomass (DFA) from biofuel production affected their egg production and health status.

Methods

Five replicates of 5 individually caged ISA Babcock White leghorn hens were fed 4 diets, including a corn-soybean meal control diet, a diet containing 7.5% DFA substituting for soybean meal, and diets containing 7.5% or 15% DFA substituting for corn and soybean meal. Body weights, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), rate of egg production, egg size, egg mass, and several characteristics of eggs were determined at 4 and 8 wk. Venous blood was sampled at 4 and 8 wk for measurement of 5 biomarkers of health.

Results

The 15% DFA diet decreased (P <?0.05) feed intake, egg production, and plasma uric acid concentrations as compared with the control diet, but increased (P <?0.05) egg albumen weight and height compared with the 7.5% DFA diets. The two levels of DFA produced dose-dependent (P <?0.05) changes in three color measures of egg yolk, without affecting four hen plasma biochemical indicators of health.

Conclusions

Feeding laying hens with 7.5% DFA in the corn-soybean meal diet for 8 wk had no adverse effect on their health, egg production, or egg quality, but 15% inclusion reduced feed intake, egg production, and efficiency of feed utilization.     

Effect of T-2 toxin on egg production and hatchability in laying hens.

The effect of diets containing different levels of T-2 toxin on egg production and hatchability was studied in a four-week experiment using 100 laying hens of the SSL hybrid line and 10 cocks divided into 10 groups. Another aim of the experiment was to investigate how effectively the increased dietary vitamin E content neutralized the adverse effects of T-2 toxin. The diet of the control group (C) contained no mycotoxin, while those of the experimental groups included the following levels of T-2 toxin: groups 1, 2 and 3: 1 mg/kg, groups 4, 5 and 6: 5 mg/kg; groups 7, 8 and 9: 10 mg/kg. Vitamin E was added to the diet of groups C, 1, 4 and 7 at a rate of 50 mg/kg while to that of groups 2, 5 and 8 at a rate of 100 mg/kg. To the diet of groups 3, 6 and 9 no vitamin E was added. Contamination of the diet with T-2 toxin markedly decreased egg production and impaired hatchability. The production decrease was proportional to the T-2 toxin concentration of the diet. Increased dietary vitamin E concentration exerted no influence on egg production. However, during the first week of the experiment it significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the number of infertile eggs and significantly (P < 0.01) improved the hatching percentage. Dietary vitamin E concentration was in positive correlation with the hatching percentage; this correlation was rather close (r = 0.74) in the first week of the experiment.     

甪里艾叶粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能与蛋品质的影响

为了研究甪里艾叶粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能与蛋品质的影响,试验选用50周龄健康状况良好、生产性能相近的海兰褐蛋鸡288只,随机分为四组,一个对照组,三个试验组,各组甪里艾叶粉分别添加0、1%、2%、3%,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡,预试期为7 d,试验时间为42 d。结果显示:(1)甪里艾叶粉对产蛋性能的影响:试验各组的平均日产蛋重均高于对照组(P0.05),分别提高了2.62%、3.58%、2.41%;随着艾叶粉添加量的增加,平均日采食量显著减少(P0.05),分别减少了2.76%、3.29%、3.62%;试验各组料重比均显著低于对照组(P0.05),分别降低了5.10%、6.63%、5.61%;随着甪里艾叶粉添加量的增加,产蛋率分别提高了2.85%(P0.05)、3.99%(P0.01)、5.93%(P0.01)。试验各组的蛋重与对照组均无显著差异(P0.05)。(2)甪里艾叶粉对蛋品质的影响:甪里艾叶粉可显著提高蛋的比重(P0.05),其中添加量为2%时差异极显著(P0.01)。各组间的蛋形指数、哈氏单位、蛋黄颜色差异均不显著(P0.05)。但试验各组的蛋白高度分别提高了8.92%(P0.05)、11.29%(P0.05)、10.21%(P0.05),哈氏单位则相应提高了4.51%、5.67%、5.69%。各组间的蛋壳指标差异不显著(P0.05)。试验各组的蛋白比率、蛋黄比率差异不显著(P0.05),随着甪里艾叶粉添加量的增加,蛋壳比率逐渐降低,其中添加2%和3%的甪里艾叶粉可显著降低蛋壳比率(P0.05)。甪里艾叶粉可以改善海兰褐蛋鸡的产蛋性能,蛋的比重和蛋白高度显著提高,蛋壳比率呈降低的趋势。     

Effects of commercial enzyme preparations on egg and eggshell quality in laying hens

1. Four different commercial enzyme products were added to standard commercial layer diets, based on barley, wheat or triticale. 2. Diets were fed to 4 different strains of commercial laying hen: ISA Brown, Hy-Line CB, Tegel SB2 and Tegel HiSex. 3. Diets were given for 5 weeks prior to measurements of egg and eggshell quality. 4. The inclusion of commercial enzyme products in the diets had no effect on egg weight. 5. Positive effects of the enzymes were: improved eggshell breaking strength, shell weight, percentage shell and shell thickness for the barley-based diet and increased eggshell breaking strength for two of the enzymes with the wheat-based diets. 6. Negative effects of the enzyme products were slightly lighter coloured eggshells and reduced albumen quality for the barley-based diet and for two enzymes with the wheat-based diet. 7. The addition of commercial enzyme preparations had no main effect on egg and eggshell quality for the triticale-based diet, except for effects on yolk colour. 8. Yolk colour was lower than control for enzyme 3 in all diets and for enzyme 4 with the barley- and wheat-based diets. 9. Further investigation is required to elucidate the specific enzyme components that influence egg quality.     

Sand intake by laying hens and its effect on egg production parameters

Soil intake may be the most prominent source of environmental contaminants for free range and organic hens, but there are no quantitative data concerning soil intake by domestic hens. Consumption of soil of 14–32 g a day can be estimated from literature, but such a dilution of nutrient intake seems incompatible with high productivity. In this study laying hens were fed pelleted diets with 0%, 10%, 20%, 25% and 30% of sand addition to determine its effect on productivity. Feed intake, feed and nutrient (feed minus sand) conversion ratio, egg production, egg weight and body weight gain were measured over a 4-week period. Acid insoluble ash concentration in the faeces was measured to determine the accuracy of estimating the soil ingestion by the soil-ingestion equation for wildlife as a way to determine soil ingestion of free range and organic hens under practical circumstances. The hens were able to compensate the dilution of the diet with 20%, 25% and 30% of sand by increasing their feed intake. Feed intake increased significantly and feed to egg conversion ratio decreased significantly with increasing sand levels in the diet. The nutrient to egg conversion ratio of the diet without sand tended to be worse than for the diets with sand, presumably due to the total absence of coarse material in the diet. There were no differences in egg production and egg weight between hens fed the different diets but body weight gain was significantly lower for the hens fed the diets with 20%, 25% and 30% of sand. Estimation of sand ingestion was done by the soil-ingestion equation for wildlife. Provided that the actual dry matter digestibility coefficient of the nutrient part of the diet is taken into account, estimating the soil ingestion according to the soil-ingestion equation for wildlife seems an appropriate way to determine soil ingestion for free range and organic hens under practical circumstances.     

茶皂素对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和养分利用率的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平茶皂素对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和养分利用率的影响.选取600只40周龄健康的海兰褐商品蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复25只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加100、200、300 mg/kg的茶皂素.预试期7d,正式试验期56 d.结果表明:与对照组相比,100、...     

有机稀土和柑桔皮粉对罗曼蛋鸡产蛋量的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加 0 4%的有机稀土 ,2 5 %的柑桔皮粉 ,观察其对罗曼蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响。在 3 8d的试验中 ,蛋鸡采食量、蛋重变异不大 (P >0 0 5 ) ,产蛋量分别提高 2 60 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,5 3 6% (P <0 0 1)。