Oral vesicular lesions in horses without evidence of vesicular stomatitis virus infection

OBJECTIVE: To report clinical and serologic findings in horses with oral vesicular lesions that were consistent with vesicular stomatitis (VS) but apparently were not associated with VS virus (VSV) infection. DESIGN: Serial case study. ANIMALS: 8 horses. PROCEDURE: Horses were quarantined after appearance of oral lesions typical of VS. Severity of clinical signs was scored every 2 to 5 days for 3 months. Serum samples were tested for antibodies by use of competitive ELISA (cELISA), capture ELISA for IgM, serum neutralization, and complement fixation (CF). Virus isolation was attempted from swab specimens of active lesions. RESULTS: 2 horses with oral vesicular lesions on day 1 had antibodies (cELISA and CF) against VSV; however, results of CF were negative by day 19. Five of the 6 remaining horses were seronegative but developed oral lesions by day 23. Virus isolation was unsuccessful for all horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Horses were quarantined for 75 days in compliance with state and federal regulations. However, evidence suggests that oral lesions were apparently not associated with VSV infection. The occurrence in livestock of a vesicular disease that is not caused by VSV could confound efforts to improve control of VS in the United States and could impact foreign trade. Vesicular stomatitis is of substantial economic and regulatory concern.     

水疱性口炎研究进展

水疱性口炎（Vesicular stomatitis，VS）是由水疱性口炎病毒（Vesicular stomatitisvirus，VSV）引起的多种哺乳动物的一种急性高度接触性传染病，以马、牛、猪等动物较易感，绵羊和山羊也可感染。临床上以舌、唇、口腔黏膜、乳头和蹄冠等处上皮发生水疱为主要特征。当马不发病时，VS在临床症状上很难与口蹄疫（FMD）、猪水疱病（SV）、猪水疱性疹（VES）区别开来。人也偶有感染VS，引起流感样症状，严重者可引起脑炎。     

水泡性口炎病毒单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

将水泡性口炎病毒（VSV）经差速离心和蔗糖密度梯度离心法进行纯化后,以纯化的VSV作为免疫原免疫8～10周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经间接ELISA方法筛选能稳定分泌抗VSV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并对制备出的抗VSV单抗的特异性、抗体亚类等生物学特性进行鉴定。结果显示,试验成功筛选出2株能稳定分泌抗VSV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为1A2、4C3。ELISA鉴定结果表明,2株单抗均能特异性地与VSV结合,而与口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）、猪水泡病病毒（SVDV）均不发生交叉反应;诱生小鼠腹水产生的抗体效价可达1∶25 600～1∶51 200。杂交瘤细胞染色体核型鉴定结果显示,杂交瘤细胞染色体数为95～105,均高于2个亲本细胞的染色体数目,说明这2株细胞是两者的杂交产物。抗体亚类鉴定结果显示,所获得2株单抗1A2、4C3均为IgG1。Western blot分析结果表明,1A2可识别VSV G蛋白。2株抗VSV单克隆抗体的成功制备将为VSV快速检测方法的建立以及检测试剂的研制等奠定基础。     

水疱性口炎病毒糖蛋白基因的克隆和表达

对一株实验室保存多年的水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)的囊膜糖蛋白(VSV_G)基因进行了克隆和测序,并且构建了重组VSV_G真核系统表达载体。结果表明克隆的VSV_G基因全长1536个核苷酸(nt),其编码的G蛋白长为511个氨基酸(aa),氨基酸序列与20个Indiana血清型VSV毒株的同源性在95.4%左右(94.1%～98.0%)。种系发生树分析表明此病毒株属于水疱病毒属的VSV_Indiana血清型。经免疫荧光检测证明构建的重组VSV_G表达质粒pCIVG5和pCRVG6转染23T细胞后能够有效地转录和表达,这为进一步开发利用VSV_G奠定了基础。     

Experimental infection of pregnant goats with swine fever virus

Thirteen pregnant goats were inoculated intravenously with the ALD strain of virulent swine fever (SF) virus on Days 64-84 of gestation. Dams showed transient and mild viremia, and produced high serum neutralizing (SN) antibody after inoculation. Six inoculated dams were reared until parturition occurred and bore six apparently normal, one apparently normal but dead, one mummified and three edematous kids. Neutralizing antibody was demonstrated in the pre-colostral sera obtained from all normal kids, but no SF virus was isolated from any of them. The other seven dams were killed on post-inoculation days (PID) 5-61, and fetuses, placenta and amnion were tested for the virus and SN antibody. All fetuses of five dams examined within PID 40 were positive for SF virus, but negative for SN antibody. SF virus was also isolated from one of three fetuses examined on PID 61. Conversely, the other two fetuses examined on PID 61 were negative for SF virus, but positive for SN antibody. Furthermore, SF virus was isolated from the placenta and amnion of all the dams.     

表达扎伊尔型埃博拉病毒囊膜糖蛋白重组水泡性口炎病毒的构建

埃博拉病毒(EBOV)能够引起一种人畜共患急性出血性传染病,即埃博拉出血热.研制安全、有效的抗病毒疫苗具有重要意义.本研究利用水泡性口炎病毒(VSV)印第安纳株反向遗传操作系统,构建并拯救得到表达扎伊尔型埃博拉病毒(ZEBOV)囊膜糖蛋白GP的重组VSV (rVSV-ZEBOV-GP),通过westemblot和免疫荧光试验证明在重组病毒中ZEBOV GP蛋白获得正确表达;动物试验显示重组病毒对小鼠高度安全;中和试验结果表明重组病毒能诱导小鼠产生针对ZEBOV囊膜糖蛋白GP嵌合VSV假病毒粒的特异性中和抗体.本研究表明rVSV-ZEBOV-GP作为防控ZEBOV的储备性疫苗具有潜在的应用价值.