叉角厉蝽生物学特性研究

叉角厉蝽是黑荆树林中害虫的一种生长的天敌昆虫,在福建省长泰县一年多代,饲养为不完整的３代,以第二代成虫于枯落叶下越冬,第三代若虫未完成发育。卵期平均９．０６ｄ,若虫５龄,平均历期２１．３ｄ,１龄植食,２－５龄及成虫捕食,仍观察到植食。     

Factors affecting flight capacity of brown marmorated stink bug,Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Journal of Pest Science - Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) is a highly destructive invasive pest of annual and perennial crops in the eastern United States and is an...     

Characterization of antibiosis to the redbanded stink bug Piezodorus guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in soybean entries

Stink bugs are among the major pests of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] worldwide. Piezodorus guildinii [Westwood] (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is one of the predominant pest species, causing more severe damage in many regions than other stink bugs. Its attack reduces yield and quality of the beans. Plant resistance is a valuable strategy in integrated pest management that can reduce insect populations below economic injury level. Here, we report the resistance of 17 soybean entries to P. guildinii. PI 229358, PI 274454, L1-1-01, “IAC 19,” PI 171451, PI 227687, “IAC 100,” IAC 78-2318, PI 274453, and IAC 74-2832 caused high nymphal mortality (greater than 90 %), indicating the expression of antibiosis. “IAC 100,” IAC 74-2832, PI 274453, and “IAC 24” also increased the length of the nymphal stage of P. guildinii, showing the same mechanism of resistance. Our findings may be useful for breeding programs that focus on the resistance of soybeans to insects.     

Marking and retention of harlequin bug,Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), on pheromone-baited and unbaited plants

Harlequin bug (Murgantia histrionica) is an important pest of cole crops in the USA. The adults and nymphs feed on aboveground plant tissues by sucking cell contents and can seriously damage the host. Current insect control measures on cole crops target mainly lepidopteran pests, and the insecticides generally used do not control harlequin bug, so alternative management practices need to be explored. Previous research has established the existence of a male-produced pheromone attractive to both sexes and nymphs of M. histrionica. In this work, two systems of marking bugs were tested to verify if the mark affected fitness traits such as survival and host location. In a second phase, marked individuals were placed on trap host plants baited with synthetic pheromone lures to test whether migration rates were related to M. histrionica density on the trap plants and the presence of the attractants. Neither marking system affected the survival or orientation of the subjects compared to unmarked individuals. The pheromone lures significantly increased the attractiveness of the trap plants, but did not increase the retention time of the plants compared to unbaited plants. Emigration from the trap plants showed a constant rate and seemed unrelated to bug density on the plants. However, a mean peak density of ca. 36 bugs/plant was calculated. Beyond this number, density tended to decrease. These successful marking methods and retention time models support development of M. histrionica management with trap crops, by providing tentative control thresholds and decision rules.     

Bt cotton and the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in the management of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin

Journal of Pest Science - This study sought to provide relevant information for developing effective programs to manage Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance to...     

蝗虫灾害的生物防治现状及发展趋势

蝗灾是一种世界性的灾害,文章综述了国内外蝗虫灾害的生物防治现状及今后的发展趋势。     

Applied biological control with Tachinid flies (Diptera,Tachinidae): A review

From the beginning of this century, tachinid flies have been involved in many operations of applied biological control against different insect pests. A review is done about utilization of Tachinidae all over the world. These parasitoid insects were used by inoculative, augmentative or inundative releases. Most of the operations were accomplished in the nearctic and neotropical regions. Sometimes great successes were obtained especially in North America and in tropical areas. Success or failure of release processes may be explained by different ways shortly analysed.     

Chrysolina fastuosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a biological control agent or a possible pest?

A poorly known chrysomelid beetle, Chrysolina fastuosa (Scopoli) has been found in a strikingly great number on black horehound (Ballota nigra L.), a soft caulescent plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. B. nigra can be found from April to August commonly on roadsides, along walls or at the border of gardens and orchards in Hungary and continental Europe. It can be called a minor weed. The glistering tiny adults that feed voraciously on leaves cause apparently significant damage. The subsequent investigation, which focuses on the number of feeding individuals and the loss of plant tissue, showed 1–24 beetles on a plant and the consumed leave surface which amounted to 8–94%. The repeated damage assessment, a week later showed a significantly unimportant increase in the number of individuals but a significant 20–31% increase in the plant surface loss. According to the literature, Ch. fastuosa has been found in association with other Labiatae plants such as Galeopsis pubescens Besser, Lamium album L. and Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae). Thus, considering its efficiency mentioned above, it could be used to augment and maintain its populations as a biological control agent for these weeds. However, taking into consideration the growing importance of the production of medicinal plants among which Lamiaceae species are numerous, Ch. fastuosa can cause damage that cannot be neglected.     

为害竹子的叶蝉2新种(半翅目:叶蝉科:殃叶蝉亚科)

记述为害竹子的叶蝉2个新种,枝突竹叶蝉(Bambusana brancha sp.rlov.)和雷公山竹叶蝉(B.leigongshana sp.nov.).新种模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所.     

为害柳树的叶蝉1新种(半翅目:叶蝉科:片角叶蝉亚科)

记述为害柳属Salix的宽突叶蝉亚属Liocratus Dubovsky(半翅目:叶蝉科:片角叶蝉亚科)1新种,柳宽突叶蝉Idiocerus (Liocrtus)salicis sp.nov..描述新种的外部形态特征,绘制主要特征图.新种模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所.     

Temperature-dependent differences in biological traits between two strains of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichogramma cacoeciae</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Parasitoids’ efficiency in controlling pests depends not only on their ability to parasitize their hosts but also on how much they are adapted to climatic conditions (notably temperature) of the area where they are planned to be released. In addition, the optimal conditions for production of parasitoids used for inundative releases like Trichogramma spp. may also vary largely as a function of strains. Using the parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal as biological model, we studied how temperature affects important parasitoid efficiency-related biological traits under laboratory conditions. Emergence, mortality rates and fecundity of two strains of T. cacoeciae, one originating from France (Alsace) and the other one from Tunisia (Degache), were compared at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. The parasitoids of the French strain showed highest fecundity at 25°C with wasps that had been reared at 20 or 25°C. The Tunisian strain showed the highest fecundity at 25°C, but only when wasps were previously reared at 25 or 30°C. For both strains, the highest mortality occurred among wasps that had laid eggs at 30°C. Emergence rates were relatively high at all temperatures, although the French strain did better at 15–25°C and the Tunisian one at 20–30°C. Because of the differences in biological traits of these two T. cacoeciae strains in relation to the temperature, a judicious choice must be made among the various strains when using this species in biological control programs.     

九里香新害虫——黄杨绢野螟生物学特性与防治

通过调查,首次发现黄杨绢野螟严重为害九里香。该虫在福建尤溪1 a发生1~4代,以第4代低龄幼虫和第1、2、3代休眠3龄幼虫在缀2~3片叶所结的薄茧内越冬。第1、2、3、4代幼虫孵化盛期分别为5月中旬、7月上旬、9月下旬和11月中下旬,成虫羽化盛期分别为6月下旬、9月中旬、11月上旬和翌年5月上旬。采用吡虫啉、功夫、啶虫脒乳油1 500倍液喷雾防治,校正死亡率均达91.8%以上。最佳防治时间为每年3月中旬~6月上旬。防治该虫应采用园艺防治、人工诱杀、植物检疫、生物防治和化学防治进行综合治理。     

为害白榆的叶蝉1新种(半翅目:叶蝉科:殃叶蝉亚科)

记述为害白榆的叶蝉1新种:白榆东方叶蝉Orientus ulmeus Li,Song et Yan sp.nov..新种模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所.     

Parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) of Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) in Iran

The parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) of the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, were investigated throughout two far distant provinces, Tehran and Sistan-Baluchestan. Colonies of the cowpea aphid were collected from different host plants and reared under laboratory conditions until the parasitoids emerged. The aphids were parasitized by an expected range of parasitoids. The species were Aphidius colemani Viereck, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall), Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay and Eady, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson), Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall), Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday), Praon volucre (Haliday) and Ephedrus persicae Froggatt. L. testaceipes is reported here for the first time in Iran. The most common species was L. fabarum followed by B. acalephae and L. confusus. A key is provided for identification and host plant associations are considered.     

Temperature-dependent survival,development, and adult longevity of the koinobiont endoparasitoid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Venturia canescens</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitizing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plodia interpunctella</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The effect of various constant temperatures on survival, development, and adult longevity of Venturia canescens Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitizing larvae of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied under laboratory conditions. The following temperatures were tested: 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, and 32.5°C. The percentage of parasitoids that completed development at each temperature as well as the days needed for the emergence of the parasitoid’s pupa and adult eclosion was measured. Adult longevity was estimated under the same conditions. Survival of V. canescens was significantly higher at 25 and 27.5°C compared to 17.5, 20, 30, and 32.5°C. No individual of V. canescens managed to complete development at 15°C. Overall, developmental time decreased significantly with increasing temperature within the range of 17.5–27.5°C. The lowest developmental time was observed at 27.5°C while the highest at 17.5°C. Upper and lower threshold temperatures for total development were estimated at 36.2 and 13.2°C, respectively. Optimum temperature for development and thermal constant were 30.6°C and 312.5 degree days, respectively. Adult longevity was also affected by temperature, as it was significantly reduced at higher temperatures compared to the lower ones. This information would be useful in determining the potential of using V. canescens as a biological agent in IPM programs, by optimizing mass rearing and release techniques of the parasitoid.