水稻表达HA蛋白为探针研制H9亚型禽流感抗体半定量快速检测试纸

建立一种禽流感H9亚型抗体半定量快速检测试纸,用于H9亚型禽流感(AIV)抗体的评价。含HA蛋白水稻粉末用提取液溶解后,离心,取上清,即为HA蛋白粗提液。其经过Q阴离填料和HA单抗亲和纯化,通过SDS-PAGE鉴定,重组HA蛋白纯度达到90%以上。利用胶体金标记纯化HA蛋白为探针,兔抗鸡IgG和HA的多抗分别作为检测线和质控线,依据高致病性禽流感HI诊断技术标准,建立一种适用于监测AIV H9亚型的半定量试纸检测方法。结果表明：胶体金标记HA蛋白量为30 mg/L,兔抗鸡IgG和HA多抗最佳包被质量浓度分别为1.0和1.2 g/L。试纸检测H9N2亚型阳性血清(HI为11 log₂)的最低检出限是1∶12 800,这相当于HI效价的4 log₂。试纸与H5 AIV、新城疫病毒(NDV)、传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)和马立克病病毒(MDV)阳性血清以及H9亚型阴性血清无交叉反应,在室温下至少能保存6个月,与HI试验平行检测比较,两者的符合率为90.6%。因此本试验研制了一种简单、快速、准确、特异的半定量免疫层析试纸,适用...     

鸡J亚群禽白血病病毒与七种常见病毒混合感染的调查

应用PCR方法对2009年6月到2009年9月来自不同地区、不同品种、不同日龄的45个疑似感染J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)的病鸡病料进行检测,同时对ALV-J与新城疫病毒(NDV)、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(H9N2 AIV)、包涵体肝炎病毒(IB-HV)、鸡传染性贫血病毒(CIAV)和呼肠病毒(REOV)等病毒的混合感染情况进行了调查。结果表明,采用ALV-J的特异性引物H5/H7,在45份送检病料中,有3份检出ALV-J,阳性率为6.67%。绝大多数病例检测出内源性禽白血病病毒,部分病例检测有其他7种病毒中的一种或几种。混合感染病例中以IBHV和IBV混合感染的比率较高,其中ALV-J与H9N2亚型AIV混合感染多见。     

禽流感病毒夹心ELISA快速检测方法的研究

以禽流感病毒(AIV)湖北分离株(H9N2亚型)提纯物为免疫原，制备出鸡抗AIV和兔抗AIV抗体，经用琼脂扩散法测得效价分别为1:32和1:16。以纯化的鸡抗AIVIgG为包被抗体，兔抗AIVIgG为第二抗体，建立了检测AIV抗原的夹心ELISA法。结果表明，鸡抗AIVIgG的最佳包被浓度为1μg/mL，兔抗AIV IgG的最适工作浓度为5μg/mL；对已知的阳性样品，用夹心ELISA法测得的病毒滴度比血球凝集滴度高16倍以上，且能检出其它亚型的禽流感病毒；与新城疫病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、减蛋综合征病毒、传染性喉气管炎病毒、传染性法氏囊病病毒、鸡痘病毒、马立克氏病病毒等无交叉反应，说明本方法有很高的特异性及敏感性。对14个鸡场送检的、患有呼吸道疾病或有腹膜炎、眼炎、产蛋下降、怀疑为禽流感感染的病鸡进行了检测，结果有7个鸡场为阳性。本方法的建立为禽流感病鸡群的临床检验提供了一种方便、敏感、快速的检测方法。     

供港澳家禽高致病性禽流感及H7N9病毒监测与分析

采集供港澳家禽喉头、泄殖腔拭子进行禽流感病毒监测,建立一步法荧光RT-PCR检测A型和H5、H7、H9亚型及H7N9病毒,所用高通量核酸提取和基因扩增体系可适应活禽出口快速检测通关的要求。2006—2015年共检测约150万份拭子,结果 H5和H7亚型高致病性禽流感全部为阴性,H9亚型等A型流感病毒阳性率约0.035%,冬、春季节检出率较高,H9亚型病毒HA基因与H7N9病毒广东流行毒株具有亲缘关系。供港澳禽流感病毒监测体系快速高效、生物安全性好,结合抗体监测和临床检查,可保证出口家禽处于无禽流感状态。     

禽流感病毒一步法RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为了能快速准确地对禽流感进行病原学诊断，根据流感病毒的M基因序列，在保守区内用Olig04．0软件设计了1对引物，建立了一步法RT—PCR诊断方法，其目的片段大小为229bp。通过对不同稀释倍数的H5亚型禽流感病毒尿囊液和棉拭子浸出液进行检测，结果显示，病毒尿囊液的最低检出稀释度为1：10^4；阳性棉拭子的最低检出稀释度为1：2^3。用病毒分离法和一步法RT—PCR同时检测人工感染鸡不同脏器、口咽及泄殖腔棉拭子样品，二者符合率为100％，但前者的检测灵敏度比后者高10～100倍。用该方法检测H1～H15亚型禽流感病毒和鸡新城疫病毒等其他14种禽病病原，所有禽流感病毒均有229bp的目的条带出现，而其他14种禽病病原均无目的条带出现，表明该方法的特异性好。     

朗德鹅禽流感病毒的分离与鉴定

用禽流感病毒ELISA试剂盒对某朗德鹅养殖场的病鹅气管粘液进行了检测，发现5份粘液样本均呈禽流感阳性；随后取相应气管组织材料接种于9～11日龄鸡胚分离病毒．发现尿囊液能使鸡红细胞发生凝集，用禽流感病毒H5、H7、H9标准阳性血清和新城疫病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、传染性喉气管炎病毒、传染性法氏囊炎病毒抗血清作HI试验，结果禽流感病毒H5亚型抗血清的血凝抑制滴度达到2^7，而禽流感病毒H7、H9亚型及其他病毒抗血清无血凝抑制滴度，说明从朗德鹅分离到的病毒为H5亚型禽流感病毒。     

不对称RT-PCR结合芯片技术鉴别4种禽病的初步研究

本研究结合非对称RT-PCR和基因芯片两种技术,构建可同时区分AIV的H5、H7、H9血凝素亚型和N1、N2神经氨酸酶亚型以及鸡传染性支气管炎病、新城疫病、鸡传染性法氏囊病的基因芯片。分别T／A克隆部分禽流感病毒的M基因,H5、H7、H9亚型HA基因,N1、N2亚型NA基因,鸡传染性支气管炎病毒np基因、新城疫病np基因、鸡传染性法氏囊A基因,并构建重组质粒;以重组质粒为模板,用PCR方法扩增制备探针,纯化后点于氨基修饰的载玻片上,制备基因芯片;常规方法从待检样品中提取RNA,用Cy3标记引物进行RT-PCR,将荧光素引入PCR产物中;并对扩增条件进行优化。研究发现检测探针可特异性的与相应的标记样品进行杂交,呈现较强的杂交信号;该方法可以准确进行4种主要禽病的鉴别诊断和禽流感主要流行亚型鉴定,对感染样品和现地样品检测结果与RT．PCR、鸡胚接种有较高一致性,符合率分别为100％和96％。结果显示该方法可用于同步鉴别禽流感、鸡传染性支气管炎、新城疫、鸡传染性法氏囊病,以及现地主要流行的禽流感亚型,是一种有效的新方法。     

2022年河南省禽流感专项监测评估报告

为监测河南省高致病性禽流感免疫抗体和野毒感染情况,笔者按照《河南省2022年动物疫病监测与流行病学调查计划》的要求,采用HI试验检测禽流感免疫抗体,采用荧光RT-PCR方法检测病毒核酸,在全省开展禽流感专项监测工作。结果表明,河南省高致病性禽流感免疫抗体群体合格率为93.2%,禽流感H5亚型平均个体抗体合格率为94.04%,H7N9亚型平均个体抗体合格率为96.32%。不同地区的禽流感H5亚型和H7N9亚型免疫抗体合格率均>90%,种禽场、商品代场和屠宰场采集的血清样本免疫抗体合格率均在92%以上。未检出H5亚型和H7亚型禽流感病毒核酸。共检出76份禽流感病毒H9亚型阳性样本,阳性率为2.07%。结果表明,河南省高致病性禽流感整体防控效果良好,免疫抗体水平均高于国家标准;未检出高致病性禽流感病毒,但有低致病性禽流感感染的现象。本次调查将为河南省进一步做好禽流感防控工作提供数据支撑。     

H5NI型禽流感病毒纳米量子点快速检测方法的建立

本文介绍了一种用CdSe量子点标记技术用于H5NI型禽流感病毒检测的方法。采用CdSe量子点标记鸡抗AIVIgG,并对标记的抗体量子点复合产物进行了纯化。H5N1型禽流感病毒单克隆抗体作为包被抗体,CdSe量子点标记的鸡抗AIVIgG作为检测抗体,建立了纳米量子点应用于禽流感病毒快速检测的方法。此方法的最佳检测组织为气管和肺,整个检测过程只需3小时。实验结果表明,对已知的阳性样品其敏感性比血凝试验要高出4倍以上,与新城疫病毒、鸭瘟病毒和鸭肝炎病毒等无交叉反应。对65份病料进行检测,结果有5份阳性病例,60份阴性病例,与鸡胚分离法作为比对,结果符合率为98.46%,说明此方法具有较好的特异性和灵敏度,该方法操作简单、检测快速快,在进出口检疫方面有良好的应用前景。     

高致病力禽流感病毒(H5亚型)RT-PCR诊断技术

华南农业大学兽医学院禽病研究室是国内最早由农业部批准可以开展禽流感研究的单位之一 ,于1995年获广东省科技厅立项资助启动禽流感的研究。现研究开发的高致病性禽流感病毒(H 5亚型)RT-PCR诊断技术,可用于活禽咽拭子、肛拭子、粪便及病死禽组织病料的检测。该诊断技术经广东省动物防疫监督总所等单位复核试验表明,具有快速、敏感、特异的特点,并被全 国防治高致病性禽流感指挥部推荐作为禽流感防制21项关键技术之一。     

H9亚型禽流感油乳剂灭活苗免疫产生期内T淋巴细胞表型亚类的检测与研究

采用免疫荧光法、使用流式细胞检测仪对经H9亚型禽流感病毒人工感染SPF鸡、H9亚型禽流感油乳剂灭活苗免疫SPF鸡以及经免疫后使用H9亚型禽流感病毒攻毒后的SPF鸡外周血、脾脏、胸腺中T细胞表型亚类(CD4+、CD8+、TCR1+)的变化规律进行了监测,结果表明,H9亚型禽流感油乳剂灭活苗免疫后抗原的缓慢释放可在一定程度上激发机体的细胞免疫应答,使免疫活性T淋巴细胞得到活化,免疫后鸡体外周血中CD4+、CD8+和TCR1+T细胞的数量呈现出一明显升高的过程;同时,人工感染免疫鸡后,脾脏和胸腺TCR1+T细胞的数量上升,外周血CD4+、CD8+和TCR1+T细胞的数量少量降低或维持不变,随后短期即恢复正常;而人工感染SPF对照鸡后,外周血CD4+、CD8+和TCR1+T细胞的数量呈现下降趋势.     

Development and evaluation of a DAS-ELISA for rapid detection of avian influenza viruses

Rapid detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) infection is critical for control of avian influenza (AI) and for reducing the risk of pandemic human influenza. A double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was developed for this purpose. The method employed a monoclonal antibody (MAb) as the capture antibody and rabbit polyclonal IgG labeled with horseradish peroxidase as the detector antibody, and both antibodies were against type-specific influenza A nucleoprotein (NP). The DAS-ELISA could detect minimally 2.5 ng of influenza viral protein in virus preparations treated with Triton X-100, which is equvilent to 2.5 x 10(2) EID50 virus particles. This DAS-ELISA could detect all 15n AIV subtypes (H1-H15) and did not cross react with other avian pathogens tested. The DAS-ELISA were directly compared with virus isolation (VI) in embryonated chicken eggs, the current standard of influenza virus detection, for 805 chicken samples. The DAS-ELISA results correlated with VI results for 98.6% of these samples, indicating a sensitivity of 97.4% and specificity of 100%. The method was further tested with H5N1 and H9N2 AIV experimentally infected chickens, ducks, and pigeons, as well as field samples obtained from central China in 2005. The DAS-ELISA method has demonstrated application potential as an AIV screening tool and as a supplement for virus isolation in Asia.     

The indirect immunofluorescence assay using cardiac tissue from chickens, quails and ducks for identification of influenza A virus during an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1): a rapid and simple screening tool for limited resource settings

Here we describe the diagnostic utility of the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) during a recent outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 virus in southern Thailand and demonstrate the usefulness of the cardiac tissue from infected chickens, quail, and ducks for diagnosis. The most reliable sample for IFA diagnosis of influenza A virus was cardiac tissue (83.0%; 44/53) which when divided by species (chicken, quail and duck cardiac tissues) gave respective positivity rates of 88% (22/25), 88.9% (16/18) and 60.0% (6/10). Cardiac tissue also gave the highest IFA intensity for the three species. We believe that the IFA method has wide applicability in developing countries or remote settings where clinically similar avian diseases with high morbidity and mortality such as Newcastle disease and fowl cholera are common and could be rapidly excluded thereby conserving valuable reference laboratory capacity for true HPAI outbreaks.     

Production and evaluation criteria of specific monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin of the H7N2 subtype of avian influenza virus.

To enhance the rapidity in diagnosing the spread of avian influenza virus (AIV) in chicken layer flocks, studies were initiated to develop more sensitive and specific immunological and molecular methods for the detection of AIV. In this study, the purification of the hemagglutinin protein (H) from field isolates of H7N2, the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and their evaluation as diagnostic reagents are reported. Hybridomas were generated by fusion of SP2/0-Ag14 myelomas and spleen cells from immunized mice. Hybridomas secreting antibodies specific for the H protein were assayed by an ELISA and cloned using limiting dilution. The MAbs produced were characterized by hemagglutination inhibition (HI), immunohistochemistry (IHC), indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA), Western blots, and IFA flow cytometry using various AIV subtypes (i.e., H4N2, H5N3, H7N2). Of the various MAbs assayed, 6 had consistent and reproducible results in each of the assays used. The results obtained in this investigation enhanced the usage of the MAbs to viral H protein in the surveillance of AIV in chickens.     

Antiviral efficacy of oseltamivir against avian influenza virus in avian species

Avian influenza is one of the most contagious viral diseases in bird species and, increasingly, interspecies transmission to mammalian species has been reported. Prevention and eradication of avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in birds may require vaccines as part of a comprehensive program including biosecurity, culling, diagnostics, and surveillance. However, for valuable bird species in zoos, novel eradication strategies are needed, including antiviral treatments. The present study evaluated the anti-influenza efficacy of the potent neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in avian species using the orders Galliformes (chickens) and Anseriformes (ducks). Viral replication of low pathogenic AIV was significantly reduced in the chicken model and completely reduced in the duck model. Anti-influenza drug administration to valuable bird species with an appropriate extrapolation approach could be useful for control of AIV in combination with active surveillance and vaccination strategies. Further, evaluation of oseltamivir against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) using avian models would be needed to optimize the oseltamivir application guideline for HPAI control.     

CAV与REV共感染SPF鸡对疫苗免疫反应的抑制作用

用1日龄SPF鸡人工感染鸡贫血病毒(CAV)和禽网状内皮增生病病毒(REV),探讨病毒感染对鸡体疫苗免疫反应的影响。结果表明,在用禽流感病毒(AIV,H5和H9)疫苗免疫后,CAV与REV单独感染均显著抑制了鸡体对H5和H9亚型禽流感病毒灭活疫苗的HI抗体反应,在CAV与REV共感染后,这种抑制作用更为明显。CAV单独感染后鸡体对新城疫病毒(NDV)和传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)疫苗的免疫反应受到抑制,但与对照组在统计学上的差异不显著,然而,CAV可以显著加重REV感染对鸡体在NDV和IBDV疫苗免疫后抗体反应的抑制作用。从而证实CAV与REV共感染在疫苗免疫抑制上有协同作用。     

广西玉林市规模化禽场禽流感病毒检测

为了解广西玉林市2020年规模禽场禽流感病毒感染状况,采用荧光RT-PCR方法,对广西玉林市7个县(市、区)42个规模化禽场采集的1260份禽喉/泄殖腔棉拭子样品进行了通用型禽流感病毒核酸检测(荧光PCR),并对检测为阳性的样本进行H5、H7亚型(双重荧光PCR)和H9亚型(荧光PCR)分型鉴定.结果显示:在42个规模...     

Immuno-PCR for one step detection of H5N1 avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus using magnetic gold particles as carriers

Detecting avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at low concentrations from tracheal and cloacal swabs of avian influenza- and Newcastle disease-infected poultry was carried out using a highly sensitive immunological-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-PCR) method. Magnetic gold particles were pre-coated with a capture antibody, either a monoclonal anti-AIV/H5 or monoclonal anti-NDV/F and viruses serially diluted ten-fold from 10(2) to 10(-5)EID(50)/ml. A biotinylated detection antibody bound to the viral antigen was then linked via a streptavidin bridge to biotinylated reporter DNA. After extensive washing, reporter DNA was released by denaturation, transferred to PCR tubes, amplified, electrophoresed and visualized. An optimized immuno-PCR method was able to detect as little as 10(-4)EID(50)/ml AIV and NDV. To further evaluate the specificity and the clinical application of this IPCR assay for AIV H5N1 and NDV, the tracheal swab specimens, taken from chickens which were infected with H5N1/AIV, H9N2/AIV, H7N2/AIV, NDV, IBDV, IBV/H(120), were detected by IPCR. Our data demonstrated that this monoclonal antibody-based immuno-PCR method provides a platform capable of rapid screening of clinical samples for trace levels of AIV H5 and NDV in one step.     

Evaluation of the infectivity, length of infection, and immune response of a low-pathogenicity H7N2 avian influenza virus in specific-pathogen-free chickens

The H7N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) field isolate (H7N2/chicken/PA/3779-2/97), which caused the 1997-98 AIV outbreak in Pennsylvania, was evaluated for its infectivity, length of infection, and immune response in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The composite findings of three clinical trials with various concentrations of virus indicated that this H7N2 subtype contained minimal pathogenicity for chickens. The concentration of the virus in the inoculum proved critical in the establishment of a productive infection in a chicken. Seven-day-old SPF chickens were not infected when inoculated with 10(0.7-2.0) mean embryo lethal dose (ELD50) of the H7N2 virus per bird. At this dose level, the immune response to this virus was not detected by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Nonetheless, chickens at ages of 5 and 23 wk old tested were successfully infected when exposed to 10(4.7-5.7) ELD50 of H7N2 infectious doses per bird by various routes of administration and also by direct contact. Infected birds started shedding virus as early as 2 days postinoculation, and the period of virus shedding occurred mostly within 1 or 2 wk postinoculation (WPI). This H7N2 subtype of AIV induced a measurable immune response in all birds within 2 wk after virus exposure. Antibody titers were associated with AIV infectious doses and age of exposure of birds. Challenge of these infected birds with the same H7N2 virus at 5 and 10 WPI indicated the infective virus was recoverable from cloacal swabs at 3 days postchallenge and disappeared thereafter. In these challenged birds, the antibody levels as measured by the HI test spiked within 1-2 wk.