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传统的转录组测序技术对于群体细胞,最终反映的是基因在群体细胞中的平均表达水平,掩盖了不同细胞之间的表达特异性,而单细胞转录组测序技术是通过对植物或动物组织的单个细胞进行转录组测序分析,了解每个细胞的代谢产物、表达基因,进而对相应的组织进行统计学分析,达到细胞分类、生长衍化、生理病理分析研究的目的。随着近几年多种针对单细胞RNA测序数据的分析工具被陆续开发出来,单细胞转录组测序技术在生物科学研究中的应用也日益广泛。本研究对当前较为普及的单细胞测序技术的方法、流程、数据分析及应用进行总结整理,介绍了近几年的单细胞测序技术在动、植物组织中的研究及应用,以期为更好的利用单细胞测序技术提供参考依据。 相似文献
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植物细胞的全能性是指每个细胞均具有该植物的全部遗传信息,其离体组织或细胞在适当培养条件下具有发育成完整植株的潜能。植物体细胞胚胎发生是最能体现植物细胞全能性的一种方式,其在人工种子、单倍体育种、无性繁殖和种质保存等领域具有广阔的应用前景,其发生的机制也是基础研究领域的热点。近年来,随着技术的进步及研究的深入,植物体细胞胚胎发生的分子调控机制取得了重要进展。植物体细胞胚胎发生是一系列基因在时空顺序上表达调控的结果。本文系统综述了体细胞胚胎发生过程中激素及逆境胁迫信号转导、胚胎发育相关转录因子、胞外蛋白和表观遗传调控的作用,并对本领域未来的研究重点及方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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植物蛋白质的亚细胞定位研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
细胞是生命形式的基本组成单元,各种蛋白质按照其功能有序地分布在细胞的每个分区中。植物细胞的主要分区包括细胞膜和其他内膜系统、细胞核、细胞质以及位于其中的线粒体、叶绿体、高尔基体和内质网等各种细胞器。植物蛋白质的亚细胞定位是功能基因组学的重要内容。主要的植物蛋白质亚细胞定位技术包括:融合报告基因定位法、免疫组织化学定位法、蛋白质组学定位技术以及共分离标记酶辅助定位法,而生物信息学预测也成为亚细胞定位研究的一种重要手段。高通量蛋白质亚细胞定位技术的发展和应用,为构建定位数据库积累了数据。在模式植物拟南芥中,有亚细胞定位信息的蛋白质已经超过4 000个。 相似文献
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组织培养是用无菌操作方法把从整体上分离下来的植物器官(如根、茎、叶)、组织(如愈伤组织、形成层)或经过适当处理的细胞和原生质体培养在人工配制的培养基上,在适宜的环境条件下使其生长与分化的方法和技术。组织培育不但在探求植物学的基本理论问题上已成为一个重要的手段,而且在发展和应用这一技术上已取得了巨大的经济、社会和生态效益。组织培养在花卉繁育中应用主要集中在以下方面: 相似文献
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籽粒发育是一个漫长而复杂的过程,受许多因素的影响。其中,激素与籽粒发育的关系是人们感兴趣的问题之一。免疫技术的应用和发展,使人们能够在组织水平甚至细胞水平定量地确定植物激素的分布,为进一步深入研究激素在植物生长发育中的作用提供了有利条件。越来越多的试验结果表 相似文献
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水稻悬浮培养研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
悬浮细胞培养是现代植物生物技术和植物细胞的分子机理研究的最重要方法之一.其中水稻悬浮培养足近年来的研究热点.本文从水稻悬浮培养外植体的选取、基因型的选择、愈伤组织的诱导、悬浮培养方法的优化、悬浮细胞的彤态特征和生理生化变化以及其在生命科学研究中的应用等方面进行了概述,并提出了目前水稻悬浮培养中尚待加强研究的问题. 相似文献
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陈坚 《农产品加工.学刊》2002,(1):20-21
1.食品工业与生物技术 食品工业是人类的生命工业.生物技术是"利用生物有机体(从微生物直至高等动物、植物)或其组成部分(包括器官、组织、细胞或细胞器等)发展新产品或新工艺的一种体系",是"操纵生物(微生物、植物、动物)的细胞、组织或酶,进行生物合成、生物转化或生物降解,大规模地生产预期产品或达到特殊目的的一门技术". 相似文献
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细胞工程技术在作物育种上的研究与应用新进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
根据文献研究结果,系统地综述了染色体工程技术、原生质体培养、花药培养、细胞培养与无性系筛选、组织培养与体系胞杂交等细胞工程技术,在国内外农作物育种上开发应用后所取得的新进展、新成果,以及这些新成果的产业化,对促进中国农业生产的发展所起的作用。预测并展望了细胞工程技术在未来农作物育种中的开发应用前景。 相似文献
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植物细胞全能性理论在中国的研究与实践 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
自1902年德国科学家Haberlandt提出“植物细胞全能性”的概念以来,无数中国学者对这一理论进行了大量的实验,从不同方面和层次对其进行验证和探索,取得了诸多有实践和理论意义的成果,丰富和充实了植物细胞全能性的理论。同时,基于该理论而发展起来的植物细胞离体培养技术在各方面也取得了可喜的成就。本文就植物细胞全能性基础理论方面的研究以及在生产实践中的应用作了比较系统的总结。 相似文献
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Measurement and documentation of micromorphological changes in plant tissue by means of quantitative image analysis as illustrated with CCC treated spring wheat
Growth regulators are used in crop production to influence extension growth of plants and stability of tissues. Knowledge about the mode of action and efficiency of these compounds are based on physiological and morphological studies with the respective plant tissues. Technical deficiencies in both fields quite often hinder the appropriate insight into tissue reaction. In the present study a computer assisted quantitative image analysis system was applied to support precise and fast measurement and documentation of micromorphological effects in plant tissue.
Spring wheat (cv. Arkas and Sappo) were treated with 0.75 and 1 I ha−1 CCC at EC 30. For morphological studies plants were harvested at EC 61. Tissue microcuts out of the 1st and 2nd internodium of wheat stem were stained with alcoholic safranin solution and measured with the interactive image analysis system "IBAS I" (Zeiss and Kontron).
Stem diameter and stem wall thickness did not change after CCC treatment, while thickness of the selerenchyma ring of the stem was increased significantly. After CCC application average length of cells in the respective tissue decreased up to 15 %, length of internodium up to 27 %. Thickness of cell walls were reduced in the stem tissue of CCC-treated plants and the number of parenchyma cells increased.
According to this investigation stem stabilizing effects of CCC treated wheat stem are based on the increased size of the lignified selerenchyma ring and on increased number but smaller cells in the parenchyma tissue. With the image analysis system used all measurements could be performed at high precision and quickly so that each given parameter is based on at least several hundred single data. 相似文献
Growth regulators are used in crop production to influence extension growth of plants and stability of tissues. Knowledge about the mode of action and efficiency of these compounds are based on physiological and morphological studies with the respective plant tissues. Technical deficiencies in both fields quite often hinder the appropriate insight into tissue reaction. In the present study a computer assisted quantitative image analysis system was applied to support precise and fast measurement and documentation of micromorphological effects in plant tissue.
Spring wheat (cv. Arkas and Sappo) were treated with 0.75 and 1 I ha
Stem diameter and stem wall thickness did not change after CCC treatment, while thickness of the selerenchyma ring of the stem was increased significantly. After CCC application average length of cells in the respective tissue decreased up to 15 %, length of internodium up to 27 %. Thickness of cell walls were reduced in the stem tissue of CCC-treated plants and the number of parenchyma cells increased.
According to this investigation stem stabilizing effects of CCC treated wheat stem are based on the increased size of the lignified selerenchyma ring and on increased number but smaller cells in the parenchyma tissue. With the image analysis system used all measurements could be performed at high precision and quickly so that each given parameter is based on at least several hundred single data. 相似文献
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棉花数量性状遗传与QTL定位研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
棉花许多重要的性状多为数量性状。现代分子生物技术的发展为植物数量性状基因的定位、分离等研究提供了条件。从数量性状基因座(QTL)作图群体类型及其特点,QTL定位方法,QTL精细定位、克隆、利用等方面进行了综述,并对今后QTL研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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Genetic analysis of in vitro plant tissue culture responses and regeneration capacities 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Summary The in vitro development of a whole plant from a single cell (eg microspore or somatic cells) is a characteristic feature of plants. The amenability of a plant to in vitro culture is influenced by the genotype, which is thus of major importance in the plant tissue culture response. The differences observed between different cultivars during in vitro tissue culture with respect to embryogenesis and regeneration result from quantitative or qualitative genetic differences. We describe results obtained from quantitative genetic studies, from Mendelian genetic analysis and from gene mapping. It is less easy to study the influence of cytoplasmic genomes. Moreover, it is necessary to discriminate between maternal effects and cytoplasmic inheritance. A conclusion from this review is that the choice of parental strains for a breeding program should be realized on agronomic criteria rather than on compatibility with the tissue culture technique used. Fortunately, it is relatively easy to incorporate short-term tissue culture capacity into agronomically valuable genotypes. This is of major interest since tissue culture remains necessary for most aspects of crop plants biotechnology. Very little is known about the molecular events that trigger in vitro embryogenesis and regeneration. It is clear that genes involved in the tissue culture response are not specialised tissue culture genes. 相似文献
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麻黄离体培养和分子生物学研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从麻黄离体培养的器官再生、愈伤组织的诱导和分化、细胞悬浮培养、麻黄雌配子体离体培养单倍体植株的建立、麻黄愈伤组织再分化的发育解剖学、愈伤组织培养及其碱含量的变化等方面阐述了麻黄组织培养和麻黄分子生物学研究进展,认为应在扩大麻黄繁殖系数研究的同时,注重对从试管苗到大田移栽的中间环节研究,进而实现麻黄工厂化育苗,达到解决大规模人工栽培种源匮乏的问题。进行系统的分子生物学研究,为麻黄的优良基因导入、表达及高产与高含碱量新种质的选育奠定坚实的理论基础。 相似文献
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