泰州市溱潼镇乡村旅游深度发展探析

指出了乡村旅游是一种随着社会主义建设而不断发展的新兴的旅游模式。在调研泰州市溱潼镇乡村旅游发展的基础上,探究了溱潼镇发展乡村旅游的产业文化优势、交通优势及5A景区优势。从科学规划景区建设、加强基础设施打造特色品牌等方面提出了乡村旅游深度发展的路径,以期能更好地促进溱潼镇的乡村旅游深度发展。     

桂林发展乡村旅游的SWOT分析及对策

桂林的乡村旅游发展走在了同业前列，乡村旅游的发展也取得了一定成就，与此同时也存在一些问题。本文运SWOT分析方法，对桂林周边乡村旅游发展的优势与劣势、机会与威胁进行分析。提出了桂林周边乡村旅游应采取一系列有效策略和措施，以促进乡村旅游的快速、持续发展。     

隆回县森林旅游业现状与发展建议

指出了乡村振兴,生态宜居是关键,必须尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然,才可推动乡村的经济建设和生态文明建设,使农村成为安居乐业的美丽家园。振兴乡村,最大的优势在生态,最大的潜力在林业,发展森林旅游、大有可为。基于此,从国家实施乡村振兴战略背景出发,阐述了隆回县森林旅游的条件,分析了发展森林旅游业存在的困难,提出了隆回县发展森林旅游业的建议。     

吉林省乡村旅游发展存在的问题及对策探讨

针对吉林省乡村旅游的发展现状及存在的问题,对吉林省发展乡村旅游的优势分析和劣势进行了系统分析,提出了吉林省乡村旅游发展的对策与建议,以期为促进吉林省的经济发展提供参考。     

桐庐县乡村旅游发展现状及对策思考

乡村旅游是新型旅游产业的重要组成部分,是实现乡村振兴、共同富裕的有效途径。桐庐县在乡村旅游发展中具有一定的领先优势,但随着旅游经济的发展,乡村旅游的问题也逐步凸显。通过实地调研,对桐庐县乡村旅游的现状、问题进行分析,并提出针对性的解决对策,以期为我国乡村旅游高质量可持续的发展提供一定的借鉴。     

乡村旅游对荆州桃花村的影响分析

指出了荆州桃花村具有发展乡村旅游的优越条件,但桃花村目前旅游发展存在的问题诸多,如明显的季节性、收益的局限性、服务的不专业性、娱乐项目的单一性以及景区的宣传力度不够等,但乡村旅游为桃花村带来了各种积极影响,如使居民收入水平得以提高、延长了农业产业链以及使乡村的基础设施得以改造等,同时也有一些不容忽视的负面影响。最后结合桃花村的自然优势、区域优势以及资源优势,提出了相对应的解决策略,以促进荆州桃花村乡村旅游的可持续发展。     

发展中国特色的乡村旅游业,支援新农村建设

近20年来,我国乡村旅游的迅猛发展以及在改变乡村贫困落后面貌中的巨大作用引起国家领导的高度重视.在国家"十一五"规划中将发展乡村旅游确定为解决三农问题的重要手段,因此,本文通过对乡村旅游发展存在问题的简析,提出发展乡村旅游的主要对策.     

延边朝鲜族自治州乡村旅游发展对策研究

针对延边朝鲜族自治州的乡村旅游发展现状进行了分析,其有资源、人文和政策三个方面优势,但也存在四方面问题。为此,提出了促进乡村旅游发展的对策:应该要充分发挥政府引导作用,加强基础设施的建设,将乡村景点串联成线,注重品牌营销化,同时还要提高工作人员的综合素质,打造乡村旅游品牌,进而推动延边朝鲜族自治州乡村旅游业的可持续发展。     

论乡村旅游发展中声音景观的必要性——以成都市为例

指出了近10年来,随着城市居民生活水平的提高、生活需求的发展以及国家政策的大力支持,乡村旅游业在全国范围内得到蓬勃发展。成都作为以"中国式乡村度假旅游"为主导的中国最佳旅游城市之一,乡村旅游发展速度处于全国前列。探讨了声音景观在乡村旅游中的"正设计"、"负设计"以及"零设计"思考,强调了声音景观在乡村旅游发展中的重要性。     

德阳市乡村旅游发展存在的问题及对策研究

德阳市乡村旅游起源于上个世纪90年代,历经了初期发展、优势发展、地震下滑、近期高发的过程,已经逐渐成为部分农民发家致富的重要方式,德阳市乡村旅游产业也逐渐成为农村经济发展的一项重要产业。到2015年底止,德阳市实现旅游总收入120.64亿元,同比增长30.26%,国内外游客1 843.93万人次,同比增长6.24%。其中,乡村旅游接待游客1 253.87万人,占游客总量的68%;乡村旅游收入50.67亿元,占旅游总收入的42%。但是,德阳市乡村旅发展也还存在一些问题亟待解决。本文通过对德阳市乡村旅游发展存在的问题进行深入调查分析,提出推进德阳市乡村旅游发展的对策建议,以期为德阳市人民政府制定德阳市乡村旅游规划有所启迪。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.