长春净月潭园区绿化规划设计与赏析

结合退耕还林和林相改造工程，对净月潭园区内绿化设计提出以旅游景观为宗旨、以植物造景为主，走可持续发展道路的构思，合理利用和保护净月潭自然生态环境，形成富有诗情画意和具有净月潭特色的森林风光园。     

山茶花几种不同嫁接技术简介及成效比较

随着人们生活水平的提高，城乡居民对室内环境及庭院绿化越来越重视。山茶Camellia Japonica网树形优美，叶色浓绿而富有光泽，花艳丽缤纷，且多在春节前后开放，受到大家热捧。由于山茶花是以观花为主的花木，为了保持亲本的优良性状，并促进其提早开花、缩短始花期，采用无性繁殖进行繁育就可以达到这一目的。     

中德财政合作北方荒漠化综合治理宁夏项目背景介绍

正中德林业合作始于1983年在《中德农业科技合作协定》下的部门间科技合作与交流。期间,中德林业合作紧扣时代脉搏,从80年代以研究示范为主,90年代以生态造林、扶贫发展为主,到2005年前后开始在南方地区以森林可持续经营为主,在北方地区以荒漠化防治为主,同时加强国家政策指导和项目推广应用。近年来,技术合作还逐渐扩展到湿地保护、低碳土地利用、生态宣传教育等富有时代气息的新领域。     

多彩花境丰富城市绿化景观

<正>相对于花坛(包括花台)、花丛等传统的植物造景形式,花境拥有自然和谐、景观层次丰富、季相变化、养护管理便利等特点,同时花境绚丽的色彩和参差的群     

浅谈居住区绿化规划设计

居住区绿化是城市园林绿化系统中的重要组成部分，是改善城市生态环境的重要环节；居住区绿化为人们创造了富有生活情趣的生活环境，是居住区环境质量好坏的重要标志：居住区绿化以植物为主，通过增加湿度，减低风速，减少和吸附灰尘，保持水土流失等生态作用来调节气温，改善小气候，对于缓减热岛效应有明显作用。在对居住区进行绿化规划设计时，应注意以下几个方面：     

描蓝天碧水 绘生态陶城——酒鬼酒陶瓷分公司生态园林建设走笔

宽阔的草坪上偶尔有几只飞鸟盘旋，端庄典雅的办公大楼，鳞次栉比的高大厂房、现代化的职工宿舍在花草树木的簇拥下，静静地沐浴着朝阳，宽敞明亮的厂区大道两侧和中央花台是一样排郁郁葱葱的常绿乔木如哨兵巍然屹立．宽阔的陶瓷广场上鲜花盛井．碧草如菌，空气清新……这就是位于保靖县的酒鬼酒股份有限公司陶瓷分公司生态因林建设的成就。见证建设历史的人无不感慨地说：“前后两重天啊!”     

庭院花境、花池、花坛的配置方法

在城市绿化中,常用各种草本花卉创造形形色色的花池、花坛、花境、花台、花箱等。它们是一种有生命的花卉群体装饰图案,多布置在公园、道路交叉口、广场、主要建筑物之前和林荫大道、滨河绿地等风景视线集中处,起装饰美化作用。     

洛阳市牡丹栽培的应用研究

指出了牡丹有花台、花带、牡丹专类园等各种种植形式,因其花开季节时万紫千红的艳丽色彩成为洛阳园林中的重要观赏景色。牡丹还可用于室内盆栽装饰、牡丹切花、牡丹艺术插花和药用。总结了牡丹在园林栽培和室内装饰中的应用,以期对绿地中的牡丹设计应用提供参考。     

粗粮面条及其加工方法

随着生活水平的不断提高，人们更加注重生活质量，传统的面条，包括干挂面、湿面、快餐方便面等。均是以面粉为主要原料，再辅以鸡蛋、蔬菜汁等调味制成各类面条，口感单一化，营养价值不丰富。众所周知，各种粗粮均是以淀粉为主，营养价值高，富有多种维生素，且口感好。市场上以粗粮为主要原料制成的面条还未见到，因此，开发粗粮面条以适应不同口味的需求是很有价值的。 粗粮面条是提供一种以鲜红薯、鲜土豆、鲜芋头、高粮、玉米、大豆、绿豆等粗粮为原料制成的面及其加工方法。 它是按下例重量配比分别制成红薯面条、土豆面条、芋头面条…     

沼气托起了残疾人家庭致富的希望

迎着五月灿烂的阳光，我们来到泸西县中枢镇阿勒村。刚进村口，迎面走来一位农民，县能源站的技术员叫住他，请他领我们去看他家的沼气池。走进他家庭院，只见整个院子干净整洁，花台上鲜花盛开。进入厨房，看见一边是沼气饭煲冒着热气，饭的香味扑鼻而来；另一边女主人正用沼气灶炒菜，香气四溢。女主人不说话，竖起大拇指比划着，意思是告诉我们饭熟了，欢迎我们到她家做客。走进后园，猪圈、厕所、沼气池整齐地排列着，旁边还摆放着几盆鲜花，是标准的“三结合”农户。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Key Habitats in the Norwegian Production Forest: A Case Study

This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes.