青海省2005年草原虫害防治存在问题及建议

青海省农牧区由于春季干旱、夏季多雨等原因,导致害虫发生种类多、面积大、分布广;主要危害种类为草原毛虫、草原蝗虫、古毒蛾及草地螟。本文针对防治工作存在经费不足、规模小、器械落后、成本高、孵化期差异性大等问题,科学地提出了今后进一步加强虫防工作的建议。     

防治面积破“八”,生防比例进“六”——2011年草原虫害防治工作取得显著成效

目前,全国草原虫害面积约2.67亿亩,严重危害面积约1.26亿亩。主要危害种类为草原蝗虫、草原毛虫、叶甲类和夜蛾类等害虫,危害区域主要集中在内蒙古、新疆等13省区和新疆生产建设兵团。各级农牧部门在思想上高度重视,工作上狠抓落实,将草原虫害防治工作作为实施草原生     

辽宁省草原防火工作成效与对策

草原火灾是一种突发性强、蔓延速度快、破坏性大、处置救助困难的灾害.近年来,我省实施了大规模的草原生态恢复建设,全省已确权草原达到1 500万亩,草原植被得到快速恢复,草原火险等级进一步升高,草原火灾防控形势更加严峻.我省高度重视草原防火工作,各级草原防火主管部门认真落实《草原防火条例》和《辽宁省草原防火应急预案》,在加强组织领导、健全机构队伍、强化宣传教育、夯实基础设施等方面下功夫,扎实有效开展草原防火工作,全省草原防火工作取得明显成效,进一步巩固了生态建设成果,保护人民生命财产安全.     

甘肃草原蝗虫现状与防治对策

通过对甘肃省草原技术推广总站历年防蝗总结报告分析得出,甘肃草原蝗虫发生的重点区域是四大蝗区（祁连山蝗区、甘加蝗区、马鬃山蝗区、龙首山蝗区）。蝗虫危害占甘肃省草原虫灾的50%以上,蝗虫种类有152种以上,是全国草原蝗虫的重点区域。一年中蝗虫多种类发生、不同时期发生,彻底防除难度大,干旱和草原退化加剧草原蝗虫大发生,因蝗制宜,创建草原蝗虫防治新机制,将一般防治和应急防治相结合,才能实现防控草原蝗灾的目标。     

2012年我区草原鼠害将中等偏重发生

根据去冬今春监测数据分析预测：2012年新疆草原害鼠中等偏重发生，危害面积511．93万hm^2。主要危害种类有黄兔尾鼠、大沙鼠、鼹形田鼠、赤颊黄鼠等，主要发生在荒漠草原、山地草原和草甸草原，发生区域涉及伊犁、塔城、昌吉、哈密等14个地州60余个县市。     

四川省草原鼠荒地调查报告

采取路线调查和实地样方调查相结合的方法,通过对具有代表性的样地、样方的害鼠种类、害鼠密度、植被种类、植被盖度、地上生物量等进行全面调查,摸清了四川省草原鼠荒地分布面积、分布区域,为草原鼠荒地的综合治理提供了科学依据.     

草原监测及时高效信息支撑科学有力

开展草原监测,是掌握草原资源、生产力、植被长势、草原灾害、草原利用、工程效益等草原基本情况,评定草原生态状况的重要技术性手段,是草原保护和建设的基础性工作.加强草原监测工作,做到底数准、情况明、趋势清,是科学保护建设草原、促进草原合理利用的前提.2013年,农业部草原监理中心(以下简称中心)成立十周年.自成立以来,中心一直致力于推动开展全国草原监测工作.这十年,是全国草原监测工作起步和快速发展的时期,工作机制逐步健全完善,监测工作能力不断提升,形成了一系列草原监测成果,全国草原监测工作成效明显,成绩突出.     

2007年全国草原工作主要进展

总结了2007年我国草原保护建设利用工作主要进展,草原保护力度加大、建设速度加快,草原植被总体长势偏好.草原畜牧业生产方式转变加速.草原利用状况有所改善.具体表现:草原法制建设不断深入,草原政策措施不断强化,全国草原保护建设利用总体规划经国务院同意后已印发各地,退牧还草等工程项目成效显著.草原禁牧、休牧、轮牧等制度建设稳步推进,草原监测和草原防灾逐步加强,草原火灾受害面积处于历史最低水平,牧草新品种选育和种草养畜科技工作取得新成效.草原地位在落实科学发展观和建设生态文明中逐步提高.     

浅谈草原蝗虫治理概况

本文介绍了新疆草原蝗虫的种类、分布、生活习性等,以及蝗虫灾害发生的特点、原因及防治手段,并提出今后一段时间内蝗虫灾害治理工作的总体思考,反映了新疆草原蝗虫灾害发生的历史、现状和动态。     

浑善达克沙地植物区系分析

通过对浑善达克沙地植物区系资源的组成、植物科的多样性、生活型、生态型、以及沙生植物多样性及其分布特征分析,得出该区植物种类的多样性较高,科的优势现象十分明显,植物种趋向集中分布于大科和较大科;该区植物的生活型以多年生草本植物占绝对优势,表现出草原植物群落种类组成特点,存在大量隐域性生境和沙地等特殊景观,乔木和灌木种类较典型草原多;中生植物在该区占有相当大的比例,体现了该区地理位置和地理环境的特殊性。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.