大麦条纹花叶病毒中国株编码βC蛋白可以自身相互作用

以分别含有BSMV-CH基因组3个组分ds-cDNA全长的pMD-α、pMD-β和pMD-γ质粒为模板,PCR扩增BSMV-CH编码各蛋白基因,克隆至酵母双杂交载体,检测各蛋白是否存在自身激活特性,用酵母双杂交分析BSMV-CH编码蛋白之间的相互作用情况,测定β-半乳糖苷酶活性确认蛋白在酵母体内的作用,Western-blot分析蛋白的体外相互作用。结果表明成功克隆到BSMV-CH编码蛋白基因,并正确克隆至酵母双杂交载体,酵母双杂交检测未发现BSMV-CH编码蛋白之间的相互作用,但确定BSMV-CH编码的βC蛋白可以自身相互作用,体外可以单体或二聚体形式存在。     

植物寄生线虫效应子研究进展

植物寄生线虫是一类专性活体营养寄生物,在植物根部维管束细胞附近诱导形成取食位点,与植物形成稳定的寄生关系,严重影响植物的生长发育,最终导致植物大幅度减产,甚至绝收。为长期、有效地防控植物寄生线虫,对线虫寄生、致病机制及其与植物的相互作用模式进行研究显得尤为重要。效应子在线虫整个寄生阶段中起着关键作用。近些年,线虫效应子的鉴定、功能、线虫效应子与植物相互作用模式等方面的研究取得了重要进展。本文主要针对病原物与寄主植物的相互作用模型、植物寄生线虫效应子鉴定、功能及线虫效应子与寄主植物的相互作用等方面的研究进展进行简单概述。     

欢迎订阅2020年《干旱区研究》

《干旱区研究》是由中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所和中国土壤学会共同主办的,以干旱区水、土、生物、气候四种可再生资源的研究为主要内容的综合性学术期刊,其内容包括干旱区生态及其生态系统与环境;干旱区自然资源的动态变化及相互作用;干旱区与大气圈、水圈、生物圈、岩石圈和人类活动之间的相互作用。     

欢迎订阅《干旱区研究》

《干旱区研究》是由中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所和中国土壤学会共同主办的,以我国干旱区水、土、生物、气候四种可再生资源的研究为主要内容的综合性学术期刊,其内容包括干旱区生态及其生态系统与环境;干旱区自然资源的动态变化及相互作用;干旱区与大气圈、水圈、生物圈、岩石圈和人类活动之间的相互作用;干旱区生态与建设;全球变化与干旱区;干旱区减灾、防灾;先     

欢迎订阅2014年《干旱区研究》

《干旱区研究》是由中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所和中国土壤学会共同主办的,以干旱区水、土、生物、气候四种可再生资源的研究为主要内容的综合性学术期刊,其内容包括干旱区生态及其生态系统与环境;干旱区自然资源的动态变化及相互作用;干旱区与大气圈、水圈、生物圈、岩石圈和人类活动之间的相互作用;干旱区生态与建设;全球变化与干旱区;干旱区减灾、防灾;先进技     

欢迎订阅2013年《干旱区研究》

《干旱区研究》是由中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所和中国土壤学会共同主办的,以干旱区水、土、生物、气候四种可再生资源的研究为主要内容的综合性学术期刊,其内容包括干旱区生态及其生态系统与环境;干旱区自然资源的动态变化及相互作用;干旱区与大气圈、水圈、生物圈、岩石圈和人类活动之间的相互作用;干     

氟虫腈与昆虫γ-氨基丁酸受体相互作用研究

利用荧光标记法及分子模拟法,研究了氟虫腈与昆虫γ-氨基丁酸(aminobutyric acid,GABA)受体的相互作用。荧光标记试验结果显示,氟虫腈与家蝇脑内GABA受体有较强的相互作用,其最大结合量[RT]值和亲和常数Kd值分别为(21.3±2.5) pmol/mg protein和(109±9) nmol/L。分子模拟结果显示:氟虫腈与果蝇RDL受体间形成3条氢键;两者之间的CDOCKER的相互作用能为-137.93 kJ/mol。试验和理论两方面均证实,氟虫腈对昆虫GABA受体的强亲和性是导致氟虫腈对昆虫产生高毒性的重要原因。     

退化沙质草地植被与土壤分布特征及相关分析

对科尔沁退化沙质草地的植被与土壤的分布特征及两者的相关性进行了研究。结果表明 ,退化沙质草地土壤养分含量贫瘠 ,土壤性质已经高度异质化 ;植被盖度低 ,物种较为贫乏 ;植被与其着生的土壤基质之间关系密切 ,是一个相互作用 ,相互影响的统一系统。要恢复退化生态系统 ,首先要恢复退化草地的植被 ,通过植被—土壤相互作用 ,土壤肥力可得到提高。     

荧光蛋白mNeonGreen、mKOk作为FRET传能对在研究植物蛋白质互作中的应用分析

蛋白质相互作用是蛋白质组学研究的重要方向之一,对解析植物病原微生物与寄主植物之间的博弈具有十分重要的意义。荧光共振能量转移(fluorescence resonance energy transfer,FRET)作为一种新技术,能够在活细胞的正常生理条件下进行检测,并具有灵敏度高,假阳性较低,实验周期短的优势,在研究蛋白质相互作用过程中得到了广泛的应用。本研究选取了2种新型的荧光蛋白mNeonGreen/mKOk作为FRET传能对,并与传统的传能对CFP/YFP相比较,证实mNeonGreen/mKOk背景干扰较低。通过构建并表达荧光蛋白与目标蛋白的融合蛋白,利用FRET技术成功地在植物细胞中验证了蛋白质间的相互作用。本研究为FRET技术在植物细胞中的应用提供了更多的技术支持和借鉴。     

预测农药植物角质层-水分配系数的LSER模型

植物角质层-水分配系数(Kcw)对评价农药的渗透及残留具有重要意义。通过实验方法难以高效且经济地测定多种农药的Kcw值,因此有必要发展一种快速预测农药Kcw值的模型。作者收集了23种农药在不同植物中的64个log Kcw实测值,构建了预测农药log Kcw值的线性溶解能关系(liner solvation energy relationship,LSER)模型。所建模型具有良好的拟合度(R^2adj,tra=0.79,RMSEtra=0.38)、稳健性(Q^2BOOT=0.78)和预测能力(Q^2ext=0.81)。该模型可用于预测含有-X(Cl,F,I)、>N-C(O)-NH2、-OCH2COOH、-NH-、-NH2、>C=O、-O-C(O)-NH-、-CN、-S-及-S(O)(O)-等官能团的农药的log Kcw值。机理分析结果表明:疏水相互作用(平均相对贡献率为48%)和n/π电子对相互作用(平均相对贡献率9%)对农药进入植物角质层为正贡献,而氢键受体相互作用(平均相对贡献率26%)和极性相互作用(平均相对贡献率17%)对农药进入角质层为负贡献。本研究构建的pp-LFER模型可用于预测新农药的log Kcw值,并且有助于理解农药在植物角质层与水相间分配的相互作用机制。     

广东水稻橙叶病发病条件及防治研究

离体条件下,植物激素ＮＡＡ和ＡＢＡ对稻瘟病菌的孢子萌芽没有影响,ＡＢＡ对菌丝生长也没有影响,ＮＡＡ对菌丝生长有一定的抑制作用。在稻株上,ＮＡＡ能减轻稻瘟病的发生,且对烯丙异噻唑有增效作用;ＡＢＡ则加重病害的发生,对烯丙异噻唑有拮抗作用。     

超氧自由基在三环唑防治稻瘟病中的作用

 研究了三环唑对水稻超氧自由基(O₂^{· -})产生的影响及其在病害防治中的意义,结果表明三环唑能刺激药剂-植物-病菌互作过程中O₂^{· -}的产生。O₂^{· -}清除剂甘露醇和抗坏血酸对稻瘟病菌菌丝生长有一定的抑制作用,于接种后处理却对三环唑表现拮抗作用。外源H₂O₂和O₂^{· -}及从经三环唑预处理并接种的植株获得的叶片泌出液都对稻瘟病菌孢子萌发有直接的抑制作用,且三环唑对这种抑制作用表现明显的增效。说明刺激寄主产生O₂^{· -}和降低病菌的抗氧化能力可能是三环唑防治稻瘟病的作用机制之一     

烯丙苯噻唑和氟唑环菌胺复配颗粒剂研究及其对水稻苗期稻瘟病和纹枯病的防效

水稻苗期病害的发生及防治备受关注。为明确诱抗剂烯丙苯噻唑与杀菌剂氟唑环菌胺复配颗粒剂对水稻幼苗的安全性和对苗期病害的防治效果,研制了16%烯丙苯噻唑·氟唑环菌胺复配颗粒剂配方并检测了理化性质,采用高效液相色谱法检测了有效成分含量及其缓释效果,并测定了温室条件下烯丙苯噻唑对水稻幼苗的安全性,以及颗粒剂对水稻稻瘟病和纹枯病的防治效果。结果表明,所制备颗粒剂的各项指标均符合国家相关标准要求。释放动态结果显示:杀菌剂氟唑环菌胺在V甲醇:V水=30:70的混合溶液中释放4 h后,累积释放率(质量分数)即达到峰值33%,且随后趋于稳定;而诱抗剂烯丙苯噻唑则在7 d后累积释放率方达到最高峰值;将两种有效成分复配可实现药剂对作物苗期病害的速效性与持效性协同作用。安全性试验显示,16%烯丙苯噻唑颗粒剂制剂用量不高于150 g/m2时对水稻幼苗安全。人工接菌条件下,试验剂量的烯丙苯噻唑可诱导水稻幼苗产生稳定的抗稻瘟病和纹枯病效果。16%烯丙苯噻唑·氟唑环菌胺颗粒剂对稻瘟病和纹枯病的防治效果在制剂用量150 g/m2剂量下最佳,分别为64.79%和68.32%,实现了1次用药同时防治两种病害的效果。研究结果可为诱抗剂与杀菌剂复配制剂的研发提供理论依据,同时可为缓释颗粒剂的田间科学施用提供参考。     

叶枯唑防治水稻白叶枯病的作用方式研究

叶枯唑具有诱导受体植物水稻产生抗病性的作用 ,能使水稻体内脂质过氧化程度加强 ,刺激水稻体内产生 O-2 ,阻止白叶枯病菌侵入。O-2 清除剂 (甘露醇、抗坏血酸 )处理水稻能显著降低叶枯唑的保护作用。叶枯唑也能直接作用于水稻白叶枯病菌 ,抑制菌体生长 ,表现出治疗作用。     

水稻免疫育苗的抗性研究

 将稻田土和病稻苗上分离的Fusarium equiseti,F.oxysporum,F.graminearum和Rhizoctoniasolani,接种在免疫育苗法和普通旱育苗法培育的秧苗上。免疫育苗的秧苗提高抗病力95.5%~97.8%。测定其秧苗接种病原菌后防御酶系的动态表明:1.过氧化物酶活性峰比对照提前36 h,且峰值高;2.超氧化物歧化酶活峰比对照提前4 h;3.苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活力比对照高1倍多。同时免疫育苗秧苗新陈代谢旺盛、生理活性高。表现在:1.叶片叶绿素含量高(3.12 mg/ml)、光合作用强度大(887mol O₂/g.h),因而干物质积累多;2.根系发达,单株根数比普通旱育秧苗多3.9条/株;3.根系色白有弹性,活力强,对α-萘胺氧化力达60μg/g.h,提高30%;4.束缚水含量达64.89%,显著高于普通旱育苗;5.根冠比比普通旱育苗高28%。     

Pyricularia grisea Isolates Causing Gray Leaf Spot on Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in the United States: Relationship to P. grisea Isolates from Other Host Plants

ABSTRACT Gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass (prg) (Lolium perenne), caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea (teleomorph = Magnaporthe grisea), has rapidly become the most destructive of all turf grass diseases in the United States. Fungal isolates from infected prg were analyzed with several molecular markers to investigate their relationship to P. grisea strains found on other hosts. All of the molecular markers used in this study revealed that isolates from prg are very distantly related to those found on crabgrass. Fingerprinting with MGR586 (Pot3) revealed zero to three copies of this transposon in the prg pathogens, distinguishing them from isolates pathogenic to rice, which typically have more than 50 copies of this element. RETRO5, a newly identified retroelement in P. grisea, was present at a copy number of >50 in isolates from rice and Setaria spp. but only six to eight copies were found in the isolates from prg. The MAGGY retrotransposon was unevenly distributed in the prg pathogens, with some isolates lacking this element, some possessing six to eight copies, and others having 10 to 30 copies. These results indicated that the P. grisea isolates causing gray leaf spot are distinct from those found on crabgrass, rice, or Setaria spp. This conclusion was supported by an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average cluster analysis of single-copy restriction fragment length polymorphism haplo-types. Fingerprints obtained with probes from the Pot2 and MGR583 transposons revealed that the prg pathogens are very closely related to isolates from tall fescue, and that they share similarity with isolates from wheat. However, the wheat pathogens had fewer copies of these elements than those found on prg. Therefore, I conclude that P. grisea isolates commonly found on other host plant species did not cause gray leaf spot epidemics on prg. Instead, the disease appears to be caused by a P. grisea population that is specific to prg and tall fescue.     

Silicon content in rice seedlings to protect rice blast fungus at the nursery stage

To control rice blast effectively at the nursery stage, the absolute SiO₂ content necessary for rice plants to resist blast disease was investigated using various rice cultivars and soils. Nine rice cultivars with different complete resistance genes and different degrees of partial resistance were grown on nursery soils amended with silica gel at different rates to change the SiO₂ content of rice plant. The rice seedlings were then inoculated 28 days after sowing with Pyricularia grisea to estimate their blast resistance. In all rice cultivars, the number of lesions was significantly reduced when SiO₂ content increased in the rice seedling; lesions were reduced to 5%–20% of the number on the seedlings grown in soil without silica gel when the seedling SiO₂ content reached 5%. Additionally, the susceptibility to blast disease of rice seedlings grown on eight soils collected from different districts, with varying amounts of silica gel, was compared. The number of lesions decreased significantly when the SiO₂ content in the seedlings reached 5%. These results suggest that SiO₂ content of at least 5% in the rice plant can control this disease at the nursery stage under any conditions.     

Assessment of Phaeotheca dimorphospora for biological control of the Dutch elm disease pathogens, Ophiostoma ulmi and O. novo-ulmi

The antagonistic fungus Phaeotheca dimorphospora was tested as a biocontrol agent against the Dutch elm disease pathogens, Ophiostoma ulmi and O. novo-ulmi , on Ulmus americana seedlings in the glasshouse. Curative inoculation of seedlings with P. dimorphospora had no significant effect on disease development. Conditioning inoculation of seedlings with the antagonist protected them against O. ulmi but not against the more aggressive O. novo-ulmi . In seedlings challenged with both the antagonist and either one of the pathogens, P. dimorphospora only spread locally around the inoculation point; however, the pathogens spread systemically throughout the whole plant. O. novo-ulmi survived in the region colonized by P. dimorphospora , whereas O. ulmi did not.     

Rice Defense Mechanisms Against Cochliobolus miyabeanus and Magnaporthe grisea Are Distinct

ABSTRACT Responses of rice to Magnaporthe grisea and Cochliobolus miyabeanus were compared. In Tetep, a rice cultivar resistant to both fungi, pathogen inoculation rapidly triggered the hypersensitive reaction (HR), resulting in microscopic cell death. In rice cv. Nakdong, susceptible to both pathogens, M. grisea did not cause HR, whereas C. miyabeanus caused rapid cell death similar to that associated with HR, which appeared similar to that observed in cv. Tetep, yet failed to block fungal ramification. Treatment with conidial germination fluid (CGF) from C. miyabeanus induced rapid cell death in both cultivars, suggesting the presence of phytotoxins in CGF. Pretreatment of cv. Nakdong with CGF significantly increased resistance to M. grisea, while the same treatment was ineffective against C. miyabeanus. Similarly, in cv. Nakdong, benzothiadiazole (BTH) significantly increased resistance to M. grisea, but was ineffective against C. miyabeanus. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment appeared to be ineffective against either fungus. Increased resistance of cv. Nakdong to M. grisea by BTH or CCF treatment was correlated with more rapid induction of three monitored PR genes. Application of MeJA resulted in the expression of JAmyb in cv. Nakdong being induced faster than in untreated plants in response to M. grisea infection. In contrast, the expression pattern of the PR and JAmyb genes in response to C. miyabeanus was nearly identical between cvs. Nakdong and Tetep, and neither BTH nor MeJA treatment significantly modified their expression patterns in response to C. miyabeanus infection. Our results suggest that rice employs distinct mechanisms for its defense against M. grisea versus C. miyabeanus.     

水稻和稻瘟病菌互作中的信号传导及防御反应基因诱导表达的研究

 水稻和稻瘟病菌互作是研究植物与病原菌互作的模式体系。本文利用3个水稻抗稻瘟病近等基因品系(CO39、C101LAC和C101A51)和2个特异性菌株(M209和M210)构成不同亲和程度的互作关系,研究了稻瘟病菌对3个水稻信号传导途径关键酶合成基因、5个防御反应病程相关蛋白基因和1个防御反应转录因子调控基因诱导表达的作用。结果表明:稻瘟病菌诱导了各种互作关系中水稻OsLOX、OsAOS和OsPAL酶合成基因的表达,水稻启动了茉莉酸和水杨酸防御反应信号传导途径。在不亲和的互作反应中,稻瘟病菌能不同程度地诱导水稻OsPR1a、OsPR2、OsPR3-1、OsPR3-2和OsPR4基因的表达,从而有效激活了防御反应系统,使水稻植株表现为抗病;而在亲和的互作反应中,多数OsPR基因的表达水平低、时间短或没有表达,水稻植株表现为感病。OsMyb基因在各种互作关系中有不同的诱导表达。说明这些防御相关基因的诱导表达可能与水稻抗稻瘟病性相关。