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1.
Masashi Fujinaga Hideki Ogiso Nobuaki Tuchiya Hideki Saito Shigeru Yamanaka Masayuki Nozue Mineo Kojima 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):23-28
Pathogenic variation among 26 Japanese isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (FOL) was tested using 21 lettuce cultivars to select commercial lettuce cultivars as race differential indicators. Cultivar
Costa Rica No. 4 was resistant to race 1 but susceptible to race 2, consistent with the conventional standard differential
line VP1010. Cultivar Banchu Red Fire was susceptible to race 1 but resistant to race 2, which showed an opposite type of
reaction as another differential line VP1013. Cultivar Patriot was susceptible to both races. The resistance reactions of
the three cultivars under field conditions were identical with that observed in the seedlings. Thus cv. Costa Rica No. 4 and
cv. Banchu Red Fire can be used as differential hosts to identify pathogenic races of FOL. This differential system showed
that all FOL isolates obtained from diseased butterhead lettuce in Fukuoka, Japan were new races (i.e., pathogenic to three
cultivars). We propose that the new race be designated race 3. Isolates of FOL, the pathogen of Fusarium wilt in lettuce,
obtained from California showed the same reaction as that of race 1. Furthermore, the Japanese isolate SB1-1 (race 1) and
California isolate HL-2 belonged to the same vegetative compatibility group. Our results suggest that both of the fungi are
the same forma specialis.
Received: March 25, 2002 / Accepted: August 26, 2002 相似文献
2.
A. Muslim Hayato Horinouchi Mitsuro Hyakumachi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(2):143-150
Four isolates of hypovirulent binucleate Rhizoctonia (HBNR) were evaluated for their ability to control Fusarium wilt of spinach (FWS) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae (FOS). Fourteen-day-old spinach seedlings grown in paper pots with HBNR-amended soil (1% w/w ground barley grain inoculum)
were transferred to artificially pathogen-infested soil. Treatments with HBNR isolates significantly (P = 0.05) reduced disease and discoloration severity by 56%–100% and 52%–100%, respectively. The numbers of colony-forming
units of FOS per gram fresh weight in petioles or roots were reduced significantly (P = 0.01) in the plants treated with HBNR. HBNR isolates were well reisolated from the roots inside paper pots where they were
inoculated, whereas inconsistent colonization of HBNR was recorded from the roots outside paper pots where only pathogen was
inoculated. Root extracts from HBNR-treated and pathogen-challenged plants significantly inhibited germination and germling
length of FOS. The fresh weight of spinach leaves in the HBNR-treated plants increased significantly (P = 0.01), as much as 53%–63%, over the untreated and pathogen-challenged plants. This is the first report of biocontrol of
FWS by HBNR.
Received: July 18, 2002 / Accepted: October 22, 2002
Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr. Komada for providing nonpathogenic Fusarium F13. The senior author (A.M.) thanks the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (Monbukagakusho)
Japan, for financial assistance. 相似文献
3.
Norio Nishimura 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(5):342-348
Selective media without pentachloronitrobenzene were developed for quantitative assays of Fusarium
oxysporum in soils. Media Fo-G1 and Fo-G2 were effective for naturally infested soils, Fo-W1 and Fo-W2 for wild-type isolates in soils
containing a nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutant, and Fo-N1 and Fo-N2 for nit mutants. Selective media were made using ammonium citrate dibasic, l-sorbose, econazole nitrate, 25% iminoctadine triacetate solution and 50% tolclofos-methyl wettable powder for soil dilutions
of 100-fold or more (Fo-G1, FoW1 and Fo-N1) and 10-fold (Fo-G2, Fo-W2 and Fo-N2). Potassium chlorate was added to Fo-N1 and
Fo-N2. The efficacy for selectively isolating F. oxysporum was confirmed using six soils naturally infested with one of six formae speciales of F. oxysporum and with soil dilutions containing conidia of wild-type strains or nit mutants from the six formae speciales. On Fo-G1 and Fo-G2, most colonies of F. oxysporum were compact and round with purplish or reddish pigment in the reverse. Cylindrocarpon sp. formed colonies as large as those of F. oxysporum but were distinguishable by their colony morphology. Other contaminants such as F. solani, F. moniliforme, and Trichoderma were suppressed by medium ingredients and colonies of F. oxysporum. On Fo-W1 and Fo-W2, colony morphology of F. oxysporum and contaminants corresponded to that on Fo-G1 and Fo-G2, although F. oxysporum failed to produce the pigment. On Fo-N1 and Fo-N2, nit mutants formed clear colonies from 100- and 10-fold soil dilutions, respectively, and contaminants seldom formed large colonies. 相似文献
4.
In May 1998 leaf spot caused by Septoria chrysanthemella was found on Aster savatieri in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. This is the first report of leaf spot on A. savatieri caused by S. chrysanthemella.
Received: September 13, 2002 / Accepted: October 18, 2002
Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. T. Kobayashi, formerly of Tokyo University of Agriculture, for his advice on identifying the fungus. 相似文献
5.
6.
Soichiro Morita Mikiko Azuma Toshiko Aoba Hiroya Satou Kazuhiko Narisawa Teruyoshi Hashiba 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):71-75
The root endophytic fungus Heteroconium chaetospira isolate OGR-3 was tested for its ability to induce systemic resistance in Chinese cabbage against bacterial leaf spot caused
by Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria brassicae of the foliar diseases. Chinese cabbage seedlings planted in soil infested with an isolate of H. chaetospira were incubated in a growth chamber for 32 days. The first to fourth true leaves of the seedlings were challenge-inoculated
with P. syringae pv. maculicola or A. brassicae. Chinese cabbage planted in soil infested with H. chaetospira showed significant decreases in the number of lesions of bacterial leaf spot or Alternaria leaf spot when compared to the
control plants not treated with H. chaetospira. The results indicated that colonization of roots by H. chaetospira could induce systemic resistance in Chinese cabbage and reduce the incidence of bacterial leaf spot and Alternaria leaf spot.
Received: April 24, 2002 / Accepted: August 9, 2002 相似文献
7.
Masato Kawabe Kazunori Katsube Takanobu Yoshida Tsutomu Arie Kenichi Tsuchiya 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(5):353-359
Twenty-eight isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae (FOS; the causal agent of spinach wilt) collected from Japan were assessed for mating type and subjected to phylogenetic analysis.
Mating type analysis revealed all isolates to be MAT1-2, suggesting that there is no sexual recombination within the population.
Phylogenetic analyses based on nucleotide sequences of the ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer (IGS) and the mating type locus
(MAT1) suggested that FOS is polyphyletic. The cluster analysis based on IGS showed four phylogenetic groups (S1–S4) among the isolates. Two distinct
lineages, S1 and S3, included FOS isolates both of the vegetative compatibility group (VCG) types, 0330 and 0331, demonstrating that VCG differentiation in
FOS may not necessarily reflect the phylogenetic relationships based on IGS and MAT1-2-1. 相似文献
8.
Kasumi Takeuchi Keisuke Tomioka Hiroshi Kouchi Tomomi Nakagawa Hisatoshi Kaku 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(5):336-341
A wilt disease of the model legume Lotus japonicus was observed in a greenhouse in Tokyo, Japan in May 2004. Roots of diseased plants were rotted and dark brown with lesions
spreading to lower stems and leaves, resulting in rapid plant death. The causal agent was identified as Fusarium solani based on the morphology. Sequence analysis of rDNA supported the identification. Inoculation of roots of healthy plants with
conidia reproduced characteristic disease symptoms, and F. solani was reisolated from lesions, satisfying Koch’s postulates. The isolate also caused chlorotic to necrotic lesions on leaves
of healthy plants after wound-inoculation. Infection by F. solani of leaves of L. japonicus was confirmed histologically. Mycelia were observed in the intercellular spaces of parenchymatous tissues in the lesion area
and the surrounding tissues. This is the first report of fungal disease on L. japonicus satisfying Koch’s postulates. We named it “Fusarium root rot of L. japonicus” as a new disease. The compatibility of L. japonicus and F. solani is expected to form a novel pathosystem for studying interactions between legumes and fungal pathogens.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB258993 and
AB258994. 相似文献
9.
Andrea Minuto Francesca Clematis Maria Lodovica Gullino Angelo Garibaldi 《Phytoparasitica》2007,35(1):77-85
Tomatoes grown in soilless systems can be seriously damaged byFusarium oxysporum Schlect f.sp.radicis lycopersici (Forl) causing Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR). FCRR suppression can be achieved through the use of chemicals, selected substrates,
composts and artificially introduced antagonistic microorganisms. This study evaluated the natural capacity of a used rockwool
to suppress FCRR infections. New and used rockwool, sampled from closed soilless systems, was either autoclaved or not, either
artificially inoculated withForl or not and, finally, sown with tomato seeds cv. ‘Cuore di Bue’. The effects of autoclaved/non-autoclaved and used/new rockwool
on FCRR incidence were assessed by evaluating the symptoms of crown rot on the root — shoot transition zone of tomato seedlings.
Non-autoclaved and inoculated used rockwool significantly reduced FCRR incidence when compared with non-autoclaved and inoculated
new rockwool. Autoclaved and inoculated used rockwool did not suppress FCRR, similarly to new and inoculated rockwool. These
findings are in accordance with other research that, on a cucumber/Pythium host/pathogen complex in a closed rockwool soilless system, demonstrated the key role of resident microflora in suppressing
the root rot disease.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 8, 2006. 相似文献
10.
Norihito Yamauchi Mamoru Satou Jyuichi Shimazu Takashi Shirakawa Seizo Horiuchi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(1):29-34
Race 2 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae have been recognized as biotin auxotrophs and consequently have restricted growth on Puhalla's minimal medium (MM), which
contains no biotin. Biotin-autotrophic isolates were raised from race 2 isolates through cultural mutation that grew as well
on MM as they did on MM supplemented with biotin. These autotrophs were identical to the parental isolates in pathogenicity
on race differential cultivars of lettuce (Patriot, Banchu Red Fire, and Costa Rica No. 4), and thus were designated as race
2. A vegetative compatibility test indicated that the autotrophic isolates fell into the same vegetative compatibility group
as the parents. Culture filtrates of the autotrophs allowed abundant growth of the parental auxotroph on MM, and, through
a competitive enzyme-binding assay, biotin was detected in the culture filtrates. These results suggest that biotin auxotrophy
in the natural race 2 isolates has no direct relation to pathogenicity, qualitatively defined as physiological race, or to
vegetative compatibility. 相似文献
11.
Tomoharu Kawahara Kazuhiro Toyoda Akinori Kiba Akiko Miura Takako Ohgawara Mikihiro Yamamoto Yoshishige Inagaki Yuki Ichinose Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):33-38
Two nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library of Pisum sativum L., cv. Midoriusui. The genes encoding the cDNAs were designated PsAPY1 and PsAPY2. PsAPY1 included the N-terminal amino acid sequence of an NTPase bound to pea cell wall. The phylogenic analysis indicated that PsAPY1 belongs to an NTPase subfamily responsive to environmental stimuli and that PsAPY2 belongs to a discrete subfamily, the physiological role of which is almost unknown. The adenosine triphosphatase activity
of recombinant PsAPY1 was regulated by an elicitor and a suppressor from the pea pathogen Mycosphaerella pinodes. Based on these findings, we discuss the role of NTPases in response to biological stresses.
Received: May 27, 2002 / Accepted: July 31, 2002 相似文献
12.
C. Eynck B. Koopmann G. Grunewaldt-Stoecker P. Karlovsky A. von Tiedemann 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):259-274
The differential interactions of V. longisporum (VL) and V. dahliae (VD) on the root surface and in the root and shoot vascular system of Brassica napus were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), using GFP tagging and conventional fluorescence dyes, acid fuchsin
and acridin orange. VL and VD transformants expressing sGFP were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. GFP signals were less homogenous and GFP tagging performed less satisfactory than the conventional
fluorescence staining when both were studied with CLSM. Interactions of both pathogens were largely restricted to the root
hair zone. At 24 h post-inoculation (hpi), hyphae of VL and VD were found intensely interwoven with the root hairs. Hyphae
of VL followed the root hairs towards the root surface. At 36 hpi, VL hyphae started to cover the roots with a hyphal net
strictly following the grooves of the junctions of the epidermal cells. VL started to penetrate the root epidermal cells without
any conspicuous infection structures. Subsequently, hyphae grew intracellularly and intercellularly through the root cortex
towards the central cylinder, without inducing any visible plant responses. Colonisation of the xylem vessels in the shoot
with VL was restricted to individual vessels entirely filled with mycelium and conidia, while adjacent vessels remained completely
unaffected. This may explain why no wilt symptoms occur in B. napus infected with VL. Elevated amounts of fungal DNA were detectable in the hypocotyls 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) and in
the leaves 35 dpi. Root penetration was also observed for VD, however, with no directed root surface growth and mainly an
intercellular invasion of the root tissue. In contrast to VL, VD started ample formation of conidia on the roots, and was
unable to spread systemically into the shoots. VD did not form microsclerotia in the root tissue as widely observed for VL.
This study confirms that VD is non-pathogenic on B. napus and demonstrates that non-host resistance against this fungus materializes in restriction of systemic spread rather than
inhibition of penetration. 相似文献
13.
Hiroyuki UGA Yuki O. KOBAYASHI Kyoji HAGIWARA Yohachiro HONDA Toshihiro OMURA Takahide SASAYA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):378-381
The causative virus (isolate No. 4) of gentian (Gentiana spp.) mosaic, which had been identified previously as Clover yellow vein virus (C1YVV) on the basis of host range and serological reactions, was re-identified as Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) on the basis of the nucleotide sequences of the gene for the coat protein (CP) and the 3′-noncoding region, as well
as the predicted amino acid sequence of CP.
Received 16 April 2002/ Accepted in revised form 19 June 2002 相似文献
14.
15.
Yukari Uetake Hitoshi Nakamura Ken-ichi Ikeda Masao Arakawa Naoyuki Matsumoto 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):42-44
Isolates of the violet root rot fungus Helicobasidium mompa were collected from herbaceous and tree plants. Their host preference was studied by inoculation experiments using carrots,
sweet potatoes, and apple stocks. It was found that sweet potato isolates from Kyushu produced infection cushions on carrots
and sweet potatoes but not on apple stocks. Other isolates did not show host preference. Sweet potato isolates were also characterized
by ready hyphal mass (sclerotium) production. They were thought to have adapted to the habitat with high disturbance by annual
tillage.
Received: July 15, 2002 / Accepted: September 26, 2002 相似文献
16.
Ayumi Notsu Norio Kondo Shohei Fujita Kippei Murata Shigeo Naito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):39-41
A new race of Phytophthora vignae f. sp. adzukicola, designated race 4, is reported from central and western Hokkaido, Japan. The isolates obtained from diseased plants of a
new cultivar, cv. Syumari, which is resistant to races 1, 2, and 3, were determined to be a new race by the pathogenic reaction
on a set of differential adzuki bean cultivars (cv. Erimo-shozu, cv. Kotobuki-shozu, cv. Noto-shozu, cv. Urasa-shimane, and
cv. Syumari).
Received: March 7, 2002 / Accepted: August 13, 2002 相似文献
17.
Floriane L’Haridon Sébastien Aimé Claude Alabouvette Chantal Olivain 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):239-246
The aim of this study was to assess the biocontrol capacity of rev157, a non-pathogenic mutant of a pathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Fom24). Inoculated in association with the virulent parental strain, the mutant rev157 did not protect the host plant (muskmelon)
against infection by Fom24. Applied on flax, a non-host plant, the mutant rev157 was not able to protect it against its specific
pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. lini. On the contrary the parental strain Fom24 did protect flax as well as a soil-borne biocontrol strain (Fo47). Since the mutant
rev157 was affected neither in its growth in vitro nor in its capacity to penetrate into the roots, it can be speculated that
the mutation has affected traits responsible for interactions within the plant. In F. oxysporum the pair of strains Fom24/rev157 is a good candidate to identify genes involved in the biocontrol capacity of F. oxysporum and to test the hypothesis of a link between capacity to induce the disease and capacity to induce resistance in the plant. 相似文献
18.
19.
Wen-Hsiung Ko 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(3):186-188
Cultures of Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. parasitica, and P. palmivora remained viable in water at room temperature for periods ranging from 6 to 23 years. The colonies that developed from the
stored cultures were thin-walled and spherical, ranging from 19.2 to 30.0 μm in diameter. The survival structures are thought
to be small chlamydospores produced in the absence of adequate nutrition and aeration.
Received: October 7, 2002 / Accepted: January 8, 2003
Acknowledgment I thank Dr. Michael L. Parsons for assistance in preparing the photograph. 相似文献
20.
Fumitoshi Yasuda Takao Kobayashi Hiroyuki Watanabe Hiroki Izawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):29-32
In June 1996, a leaf spot disease widely occurred in Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) orchards in Tottori Prefecture, Japan. The main diagnostic symptom was ring spot on the leaves and calyxes of young fruits;
in severe cases, lesions developed on more than half of the area of the leaf, resulting in early defoliation. Based on morphological
and pathological studies of the isolated fungi, it was shown that Pestalotiopsis longiseta, P. glandicola, P. acaciae, and P. crassiuscula were responsible for the diseases. These fungi, except P. longiseta, were found to be new pathogens of the disease.
Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: July 25, 2002 相似文献