红枣多糖不同组分理化性质及抗氧化活性分析

通过水提、醇沉、脱蛋白等工艺提取得到红枣多糖(ZSP)经DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析进一步分离得到红枣多糖组分(ZSP-1、ZSP-2、ZSP-3),并对其初级结构及抗氧化活性进行分析测定。结果表明,ZSP、ZSP-1、ZSP-2和ZSP-3糖含量分别为37.29%、89.34%、64.26%和64.16%,分子量分别为7.69×10~(5 )Da、7.28×10~(4 )Da、1.29×10~(5 )Da和1.70×10~(5 )Da,红枣各多糖组分含不同比例的鼠李糖、木糖、半乳糖等,在DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力上ZSP-1有较强的抗氧化活性。     

植物乳杆菌胞外多糖的单糖组成及抗氧化活性

分析植物乳杆菌胞外多糖的单糖组成,同时对其抗氧化活性进行研究。以植物乳杆菌发酵液为原料,通过水提醇沉方法得到植物乳杆菌粗多糖（DZ）,经DEAE-52纤维素柱分离纯化收集得到DZ-1与DZ-2 2 种多糖组分,采用气相色谱法对DZ-1与DZ-2中单糖组成进行分析,测定其1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、羟自由基和2,2’-联氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)（2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS）阳离子自由基清除率,对2 种多糖组分的抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明：DZ-1为仅含葡萄糖的均多糖,DZ-2则为由阿拉伯糖与半乳糖组成的杂多糖,其单糖组成及百分比含量比值为阿拉伯糖∶半乳糖=46.03∶53.89;抗氧化实验结果表明,DZ-1与DZ-2均具有一定的DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力。     

桑黄菌丝体的液体发酵培养及多糖提取和抗氧化活性测定

为高效利用桑黄资源开发多糖类抗氧化剂,以菌丝体生物量为考核指标,对桑黄菌丝体的液体摇瓶发酵培养条件进行单因素试验,筛选出较佳的培养条件:以葡萄糖为碳源,大豆蛋白胨为氮源,发酵液p H为6,培养温度为30℃,摇瓶转速为140 r/min,接种量(体积分数)为4%。采用超声波辅助复合酶法提取桑黄多糖,复合酶由3%纤维素酶(酶活力为1.0×10~4U/g)、2%木瓜蛋白酶(1.5×10~4U/g)和1.5%果胶酶(4.0×10~4U/g)组成,通过单因素试验优化提取工艺条件为料液质量浓度20 g/L、超声波功率300 W、处理温度50℃、处理时间45 min,在此条件下多糖得率可达10.867%。采用分光光度法测定6个来源菌株培养桑黄菌丝提取粗多糖的抗氧化活性,结果显示6种桑黄粗多糖样品均表现出较强的体外抗氧化活性,其中韩国来源菌株、中国金寨来源菌株的桑黄多糖对ABTS和DPPH自由基的清除能力最强,具有进一步开发为天然抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂的潜力。     

油菜花粉多糖不同级分体外抗氧化作用比较

采用膜过滤技术制备油菜花粉多糖分子量分级级分,通过.OH和O2-.两种体外抗氧化模型对各级分抗氧化作用进行研究。结果表明,油菜花粉多糖的抗氧化活性与其分子量分布密切相关,其中分子量分布为50-100 kD级分作用最强,优于粗多糖,粗多糖又优于〉100 kD级分,分子量分布为〈10 kD和10-50 kD的两个级分体外抗氧化活性微弱;并且在各级分内部,其抗氧化活性随着多糖浓度的上升而增强,两者之间呈现良好的量效关系。     

云南野生玛卡多糖的提取及抗氧化研究

试验采用水提醇沉法从玛卡中提取多糖,并对其含量及抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明,玛卡多糖提取率为31.52%,玛卡多糖中多糖含量为95.75%,葡萄糖醛酸含量为4.17%。体外抗氧化试验表明玛卡多糖对羟自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)有一定清除作用。     

贮藏期间全蛋液加工品质变化研究

试验将经过巴氏杀菌(58℃,4.5 min)的全蛋液分别置于常温储藏和冷藏贮藏,分析贮藏期间全蛋液的挥发性盐基氮、起泡性及泡沫稳定性、乳化性及乳化稳定性的变化规律。结果显示:常温贮藏期间挥发性盐基氮含量的增长速率约为冷藏贮藏的2倍;全蛋液的起泡性和乳化性在贮藏期间均呈下降趋势,在常温贮藏1 d时起泡性达到较大值(41.9%),在冷藏贮藏1 d时乳化性达到较大值(27.8%)。全蛋液的起泡稳定性和乳化稳定性在贮藏期间均呈上升趋势,在常温贮藏第9天时起泡稳定性达到较大值(83.8%),在冷藏贮藏第11天时乳化稳定性达到较大值(42.4%)。     

黄芪锌多糖的体内、体外抗氧化作用

本试验通过水提醇沉法制备黄芪多糖,并以黄芪多糖和硫酸锌进行制备黄芪锌多糖,并对其体内、体外抗氧化活性进行研究,以期为黄芪锌多糖的开发利用提供理论依据。结果表明,制备的黄芪锌多糖中锌元素含量为（11.32±0.48）mg/g。体外研究结果显示,黄芪多糖和黄芪锌多糖对·OH自由基的清除率分别为43.33%和50.46%;对O2-·自由基的清除率分别为37.91%和48.83%;对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基的清除率分别为56.86%和72.33%。此外,小鼠体内研究结果表明,黄芪多糖和黄芪锌多糖能显著提高衰老小鼠血清和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）和总抗氧化能力（Totalantioxidantcapability,T-AOC）,降低丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）和过氧化脂质（Lipidperoxide,LPO）水平;且黄芪锌多糖比黄芪多糖具有更强的抗氧化活性。上述结果表明,黄芪锌多糖在体内、体外都表现出良好的抗...     

响应面法优化萝卜多糖的提取及其体外抗氧化活性作用

采用超声提取法提取水溶性萝卜粗多糖(RSP)。探究超声功率、提取时间、料液比对RSP提取率的影响。基于单因素试验,采用响应面法优化RSP的提取工艺条件。RSP的最佳提取工艺条件为:超声功率230 W、提取时间29 min、料液比为1∶25 g/mL。在此条件下,RSP的提取率为2.80%。通过梯度浓度为50%、60%、70%、80%、90%的乙醇对RSP进行分级醇沉得到5种多糖组分(RSP50、RSP60、RSP70、RSP80、RSP90)。对各组分进行初步表征,并测定各组分对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、总还原能力及对羟基自由基和超氧化物清除能力。结果表明,萝卜粗多糖各组分均具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

黄芪多糖及其在肉仔鸡生产中的应用

黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharides,APS),是黄芪的主要活性成分之一,其具有多种生物学功效,例如调节机体免疫力、抗病毒、抗氧化及抗衰老等。黄芪多糖作为一种新型的饲料添加剂,具有无污染、无毒副作用、不产生耐药性等优点,因而得到了越来越广泛的应用。本文通过对黄芪多糖作用机制及其在肉仔鸡生产中     

桑叶多糖的提取与分析

以桑叶粉为材料,研究了不同提取条件对桑叶多糖提取效果的影响,并对桑叶多糖的组分进行了分析。桑叶多糖的最佳提取工艺为提取温度80℃、桑叶粉的质量浓度0100g/mL、提取次数3次、提取时间1h。提取物通过SephadexG-200柱层析检测得到3种多糖组分(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ),经SephadexG75柱层析测定3种多糖组分的相对分子量为41977、21220、6697。红外光谱表明多糖组分Ⅰ、Ⅲ含有呋喃糖苷,组分Ⅱ含有吡喃糖苷,组分Ⅰ、Ⅱ的结构中含有β糖苷键,组分Ⅲ的结构中含有α糖苷键。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.