植酸酶对黄金鲫生长、饲料利用和体成分的影响

试验旨在研究植物性饲料中添加不同梯度的中性植酸酶对黄金鲫(Carassius auratus)生长、饲料利用和体成分的影响。以初始体质量为(10.71±0.16)g的黄金鲫幼鱼为研究对象,对照组添加磷酸二氢钙,试验组添加中性植酸酶,梯度依次为:0、300、600、900、1 200 U/kg,每组有3个平行组,饲养期60 d。结果表明:随着饲料植酸酶水平的增加,各试验组黄金鲫特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率和肌肉蛋白质含量不断增加、饲料系数降低。当饲料植酸酶水平增加到900 U/kg(4组)时,与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。当饲料植酸酶水平增加到600 U/kg(3组)时,黄金鲫蛋白质生产率升高、肌肉脂肪降低,且与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。在本试验条件下,以特定生长率和蛋白质效率为评定指标,植物性黄金鲫饲料中植酸酶的适宜添加量为600~900 U/kg。     

饲料中不同蛋能比对黄金鲫幼鱼生长和体组成的影响

试验旨在研究不同蛋白能量比的饲料对黄金鲫幼鱼生长和体组成的影响。以初始体重为（7.50±0.02）g的黄金鲫幼鱼为试验对象,随机分为9组,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别投喂由3种不同的蛋白水平（30%、35%、40%）和3种不同的脂肪水平（6%、8%、10%）组成的9种不同蛋能比（从21.6~30.9 mg/kJ）的试验饲料,进行为期8周的生长试验。结果表明,饲料蛋白水平显著影响黄金鲫的生长、饲料效率和蛋白质效率（P<0.01）,随着饲料蛋白含量的增加,黄金鲫的增重率和特定生长率显著提高,最高值均发生在蛋白/脂肪为40/10（29.2 mg/kJ）组,显著高于饲料蛋白含量为30%的各组（P<0.05）,与蛋白含量为35%的各组之间没有显著差异（P>0.05）。同样的,饲料效率随着蛋白含量的增加也显著提高,蛋白/脂肪为35/8（26.5 mg/kJ）和40/10组的饲料效率最高。蛋白质效率最高值发生在蛋白/脂肪为35/8组,显著高于蛋白含量为40%的处理组,但与其它组没有显著差异。饲料不同蛋能比对鱼体水分没有显著影响,鱼体脂肪含量与饲料脂肪含量正相关。综合试验结果,黄金鲫适宜的蛋能比水平为25.5~26.5 mg/kJ,蛋白质为35%,脂肪为6%~8%。     

Vc对苗王云鲫生长及运输应激的影响

用6种不同维生素C水平（添加量分别为0、75、150、300、600、1200mg／kg的Vc-2-磷酸酯）的饲料喂养初始重（5．90±0．51）g的苗王云鲫30d,研究维生素C对异育银鲫生长及运输应激的影响。试验结果表明,添加600mg／kg维生素C,异育银鲫的增重率和特定生长率最大,饵料系数最低（P〈0．05）。生长试验后,每组用自制塑料袋网捞取苗王云鲫10尾,放入蛊水15L的塑料袋中,充入纯氧、打包,用皮卡车运输2h,试验鱼血清用于皮质醇含量测定。结果显示,试验鱼血清皮质醇含量显著高于运输前水平（P〈0．05）。其中,试验Ⅰ～Ⅵ组苗王云鲫血清皮质醇含量分别为运输前的14．6、9．9、7．6、5．2、5．4和4．5倍;但随着维生素C添加水平的升高,血清皮质醇浓度逐渐下降,表明维生素C能显著降低运输应激引起的血清皮质醇浓度,有抗应激的作用。     

活性污泥饲料对刺参养殖水质、消化率、营养组分和消化酶的影响

试验旨在研究活性污泥饲料对刺参养殖水质和刺参对饲料的消化吸收情况,以及刺参体壁营养组分和肠道消化酶比活力的影响。以体质量(0.97±0.09)g的幼刺参为试验对象,在水温(14±1)℃养殖槽内饲养60 d,研究在刺参商品饲料中添加不同含量的活性污泥对刺参养殖水质和不同养殖阶段对饲料的消化率、体壁营养成分和消化酶比活力的影响。结果表明:除添加污泥组24 h水质中氨氮、亚硝酸盐、活性磷酸盐、化学耗氧量含量较高外,投喂海参商品饲料和添加活性污泥饲料的上述指标均较低,溶解氧含量各组之间差异不大。投喂活性污泥和商品饲料的刺参对饲料的吸收率及其对蛋白质、脂肪、总糖的表观吸收率相比污泥组较高,在活性污泥组中以投喂20%和30%的活性污泥效果最佳。刺参体壁营养成分(蛋白质、脂肪、总糖)含量与刺参对饲料相应的营养组分的吸收率大体上呈正相关系。投喂商品饲料和投喂20%、30%活性污泥的刺参肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶比活力较污泥组高,各组消化酶比活力在前后两个周期均有不同程度的增加。饲料中添加适量活性污泥不会对养殖刺参水质造成危害影响,同时活性污泥饲料易于刺参消化吸收,能够改善刺参营养成分和消化酶活力。     

几种微生态制剂对刺参生长和养殖水体水质的影响

在刺参幼参培育水体中,定期加入由乳酸杆菌、海洋红酵母、芽孢杆菌、光合细菌4种微生态制剂按不同比例复合成的复合微生态制剂,通过测定幼参培育水体中的p H、化学需氧量(COD)、氨态氮、亚硝酸态氮、活性磷等水质指标和幼参的生长指标,探讨微生态制剂对幼参培育水体氨氮等水质变化的影响以及对幼参生长的影响。结果表明:在幼参培育水体中加入一定配比乳酸杆菌、海洋红酵母、芽孢杆菌和光合细菌,在一定程度上能降低水体中的氨态氮、亚硝酸态氮等有害物质。其中试验Ⅴ组(按配方5添加)对养殖水体中氨态氮、亚硝酸态氮等物质的调节作用和对幼参生长的促进作用最显著(P0.05)。     

益生菌对彭泽鲫生长性能及水体环境的影响

试验选用288条平均体重为35g的彭泽鲫随机分为6组,分别为对照组、枯草芽孢杆菌组(2.5×106CFU/L)、地衣芽孢杆菌组(2.5×106CFU/L)、植物乳杆菌组(1×108CFU/L)、戊糖链球菌组(1×108CFU/L)、光合细菌组(3×107CFU/L),每组设3个重复,每个重复16尾鱼。研究在养殖水体中添加不同益生菌对彭泽鲫的增重率、存活率、饵料系数及养殖水体氨氮、亚硝酸盐、COD的影响。结果表明:添加枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和光合细菌能显著提高彭泽鲫的增重率和存活率,降低饵料系数,并且在降低水体氨氮、亚硝酸盐、COD含量方面均有显著效果,其中以地衣芽孢杆菌组效果最佳;而植物乳杆菌组和戊糖片球菌组与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。eightCarassiusauratusvarpengzeweredividedinto6groupincludingthecontrolgroupwithoutprobiotics,Lactobacillusplantarumgroup(2.5×106CFU/L),Pediococcuspentosaceusgroup(2.5×106CFU/L),Bacilluslicheniformisgroup(1×108CFU/L),Bacillussubtilisgroup(1×108CFU/L)andPSBgroup(3×107CFU/L).Everygrouphad3replicates,andeveryreplicatewith16fish.Theweightincrementrate,survivalrate,feedconversioncoefficientandwaterqualitiesweredetermined.TheresultsshowedthatB.subtilis,B.licheniformisandPSBcouldsignificantlyin-creasetheweightincrementrateandsurvivalrateoftheculturedfish,andreducethefeedconversioncoefficient,andinthemeantimeitplayedgreatrolesinreducingammonianitrogen,nitriteandchemicaloxygendemand(COD)concentrationinculturewaterbodies.TheB.licheniformisperformedthebesteffect,whileL.plantarumandP.pentosaceushadnosignifi-cantdifferencewiththecontrolgoup.[Keywords]probiotics;Carassiusauratusvarpengze;growthperformance;waterquality目前我国高密度水产养殖规模日益扩大,养殖水环境遭到严重的污染和破坏,病害频繁发生。随着人们对食品安全和环境保护意识的增强,在水产养殖中,利用益生素替代抗生素是国内外水产养殖者关注的焦点。本试验在完全不使用抗生素的情况下,对5种益生菌对彭泽鲫生长性能及水体环境的影响进行研究。1材料与方法1.1材料1.1.1益生菌。植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillusplan-tarum)、戊糖片球菌(Pediococcuspentosaceus)、地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacilluslicheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)、光合细菌,活菌数分别为2×1010、2×1010、5×108、5×108、3×109CFU/g,上述菌种均由天津市园艺工程研究所生物技术研究室保藏。1.1.2试验用鱼。以彭泽鲫为试验养殖对象,平均体长15cm,体重35g,取自天津市津南区红星养殖场。1.1.3饵料。饵料为天津通威预混料。1.2方法试验选用288条彭泽鲫随机分为对照组、枯草芽孢杆菌组、地衣芽孢杆菌组、植物乳杆菌组、戊糖片球菌组和光合细菌组6组,每组设3个重复试验,每个重复16尾鱼,共288条,分18个水族箱(800mm×450mm×600mm),每个水族箱放置1个气泡石用气泵充气。其中对照组不添加任何益生菌,枯草芽孢杆菌组为每升养殖水体每日添加5mg枯草芽孢杆菌(活菌数2.5×106CFU/L),地衣芽孢杆菌组为每升养殖水体每日添加5mg地衣芽孢杆菌(活菌数2.5×106CFU/L),植物乳杆菌组为每升养殖水体每日添加5mg植物乳杆菌(活菌数1×108CFU/L)戊糖片球菌组为每升养殖水体每日添加5mg浓度戊糖链球菌(活菌数益生菌对彭泽鲫生长性能及水体环境的影响天津市园艺工程研究所齐欣魏雪生陈颖张峻陈晓云27     

不同添加形式及水平的高级脂肪醇对青鱼生长性能、机体营养组成和消化酶活力的影响

为研究不同添加形式及水平的高级脂肪醇对青鱼(Mylopharyngodn piceus)生长性能、机体营养组成和消化酶活力的影响,试验选用规格整齐(1.25g左右)、活动能力强的青鱼1050尾,随机分为10个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复35尾。处理组分别在基础饲粮中添加0%(T1)、2.5%C28(T2)、5.0%C28(T3)、5.0%C28-PZ(T4)、5.0%C28-PK(T5)、2.5%C30(T6)、5.0%C30(T7)、5.0%C30-PZ(T8)、5.0%C30-PK(T9)、15.0%C30-PZ(T10)的脂肪醇。预试期7d,正试期56d。结果表明:(1)与对照组T1相比,T3、T6、T9、T10组鱼末重分别提高11.88%、11.87%、8.86%和11.02%,增重率分别提高17.01%、17.15%、15.13%和17.20%(P<0.05);T6组鱼饵料系数最低为1.84,与T1组相比降低7.54%(P>0.05),其余各组饵料系数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)与T9组相比,T4和T8组全鱼水分含量分别显著提高2.24%和2.51%(P<0.05);与T1组相比,T4组粗蛋白质含量显著降低3.21%(P<0.05);与T1组相比,各组全鱼粗脂肪含量均无显著差异(P>0.05),而与T3、T7和T9组相比,T4和T8组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著升高(P<0.05);试验各组全鱼粗灰分含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)饲料添加高碳醇可在一定程度上提高青鱼肝胰脏和肠道脂肪酶活性。与T1组相比,T6、T7和T9组肝胰脏脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)分别提高43.93%、38.65%和50.26%;T3、T5、T6、T9组和T10组肠道脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)分别提高38.97%、35.85%、41.51%、40.37%和40.89%。试验各组青鱼肝胰脏和肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加高碳醇2.5%C30、5.0%C28和15.0%C30-PZ能显著提高青鱼体增重及肝胰脏和肠道消化酶活性,不影响全鱼水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分等营养组成,可作为水产动物饲料添加剂进行推广应用。     

不同C/N有机碳肥对铝矿复垦地土壤肥力和桑树生长的影响

为探究不同C/N有机碳肥对铝矿复垦地的土壤培肥及桑树生长的影响,以广西百色市平果县坡造镇伏琴村蚕桑复垦土为供试土壤,采用盆栽试验研究了2个施肥量和4个C/N有机碳肥的施用对复垦土壤的pH、有机质、氮磷钾养分、土壤酶活性及桑树生长的影响.结果表明,施用化肥和不同C/N有机碳肥处理的土壤pH缓慢上升,有机质、氮磷钾养分和土...     

饲料中添加晶体或包膜赖氨酸对湘云鲫生长性能的影响

本试验研究了饲料中添加晶体或包膜赖氨酸对湘云鲫生长性能的影响。选择630尾初始体重为(12.67±0.07)g健康湘云鲫,随机分为6个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复35尾,在室内循环系统中养殖63 d。对照组分别设高蛋白对照组(HP,粗蛋白质为35%)和低蛋白对照组(LP,粗蛋白质为33%),不添加赖氨酸。试验组是在LP组的基础上,分别为添加0.25%包膜赖氨酸1(试验Ⅰ组)、0.27%包膜赖氨酸2(试验Ⅱ组)、0.47%包膜赖氨酸3(试验Ⅲ组)和0.24%晶体赖氨酸(试验Ⅳ组),使饲料中赖氨酸含量达到HP组水平。所用包膜或晶体赖氨酸有效含量分别是74.9%、68.9%、39.4%、77.6%。结果显示,各处理组成活率均达到100%。试验Ⅰ和Ⅳ组的增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数与LP组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),而且增重率、特定生长率显著低于HP组,饲料系数显著高于HP组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组与LP组相比,增重率、特定生长率显著提高,饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05)。但是,试验Ⅱ组的增重率、特定生长率仍然显著低于HP组,饲料系数显著高于HP组(P<0.05);而试验Ⅲ组的增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数与HP组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。上述结果说明,添加晶体赖氨酸和包膜赖氨酸1不能改善湘云鲫的生长性能,而添加包膜赖氨酸2或包膜赖氨酸3能够显著提高湘云鲫的生长性能,且添加包膜赖氨酸3效果更佳。     

低聚木糖梯度添加对异育银鲫生长及肠道消化酶活性的影响

选1年异育银鲫80尾,随机分为4组,每组2个重复。第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加0.005%、0.01%和0.02%的低聚木糖,研究不同添加梯度对异育银鲫生长和肠道消化酶活性的影响,并确定最合适的添加比例。结果表明,添加低聚木糖能够提高异育银鲫的生长和肠道消化酶活性,其中以0.01%的添加比例增重效果较好;若添加过量,生长和蛋白酶活性出现下降趋势,而淀粉酶活性则没有明显的变化。     

Pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) after intravenous and intramuscular administration

The pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin was studied after a single dose (7.5 mg/kg) of intravenous or intramuscular administration to crucian carp (Carassius auratus ) reared in freshwater at 25°C. Plasma samples were collected from six fish per sampling point. Orbifloxacin concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography with a 0.02 μg/ml limit of detection, then were subjected to noncompartmental analysis. After intravenous injection, initial concentration of 5.83 μg/ml, apparent elimination rate constant (λ_z) of 0.039 hr^?1, apparent elimination half‐life (T_1/2λz) of 17.90 hr, systemic total body clearance (Cl) of 75.47 ml hr^?1 kg^?1, volume of distribution (Vz) of 1,948.76 ml/kg, and volume of distribution at steady‐state (Vss) of 1,863.97 ml/kg were determined, respectively. While after intramuscular administration, the λ_z, T _1/2λz, mean absorption time (MAT ), absorption half‐life (T _1/2ka), and bioavailability were determined as 0.027 hr^?1, 25.69, 10.26, 7.11 hr, and 96.46%, respectively, while the peak concentration was observed as 3.11 ± 0.06 μg/ml at 2.0 hr. It was shown that orbifloxacin was completely but relatively slowly absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated in crucian carp, and an orbifloxacin dosage of 10 mg/kg administered intravenously or intramuscularly would be expected to successfully treat crucian carp infected by strains with MIC values ≤0.5 μg/ml.     

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after oral,intramuscular and bath administration in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ENR) was studied in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) after single administration by intramuscular (IM) injection and oral gavage (PO) at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight and by 5 mg/L bath for 5 hr at 25°C. The plasma concentrations of ENR and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on mean ENR or CIP concentrations using WinNonlin 6.1 software. After IM, PO and bath administration, the maximum plasma concentration (C_max) of 2.29, 3.24 and 0.36 μg/ml was obtained at 4.08, 0.68 and 0 hr, respectively; the elimination half‐life (T_1/2β) was 80.95, 62.17 and 61.15 hr, respectively; the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) values were 223.46, 162.72 and 14.91 μg hr/ml, respectively. CIP, an active metabolite of enrofloxacin, was detected and measured after all methods of drug administration except bath. It is possible and practical to obtain therapeutic blood concentrations of enrofloxacin in the crucian carp using IM, PO and bath immersion administration.     

Comparative pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin nicotinate in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (Carassius auratus) after oral administration

Comparative pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin nicotinate (NFXNT) was investigated in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (Carassius auratus) after a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Analyses of plasma samples were performed using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with fluorescence detection. After oral dose, plasma concentration–time curves of common carp and crucian carp were best described by a two‐compartment open model with first‐order absorption. The pharmacokinetic parameters of common carp were similar to those of crucian carp. The distribution half‐life (t_1/2α), elimination half‐life (t_1/2β), peak concentration (C_max), time‐to‐peak concentration (T_max), and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of common carp were 1.58 h, 26.33 h, 6069.79 μg/L, 1.08 h, and 103072.36 h·μg/L, respectively, and those corresponding to crucian carp were 1.36 h, 26.55 h, 9586.06 μg/L, 0.84 h, and 126604.4 h·μg/L, respectively. These studies demonstrated that 10 mg NFXNT/kg body weight in common carp and crucian carp following oral dose presented good pharmacokinetic characteristics.     

Effects of enrofloxacin on cytochromes P4501A and P4503A in Carassius auratus gibelio (crucian carp)

Currently, although enrofloxacin (EF) as a widely used veterinary medicine has begun to apply to treating fish bacterial infections, the researches on the effects of EF on their main drug metabolic enzymes are limited. To investigate the effects of EF on fish cytochromes P450 (CYPs) 1A and 3A, the enzymatic activities and expressions (mRNA and protein) of crucian carp CYP1A and CYP3A after EF administration were examined. For CYP1A, in the in vivo experiments, EF exhibited potent inhibition on the CYP1A-related ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, as well as CYP1A expressions at both protein and mRNA levels, at 24 h after administration with different EF dosages (3, 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg); Furthermore, CYP1A enzymatic activity and expressions at both protein and mRNA levels decreased more with increasing EF dosages. Additionally, the in vitro experimental results showed that, after incubated with microsomes, EF did not change the EROD activity through interacting directly with CYP1A. For CYP3A, the in vitro and in vivo experimental results demonstrated that EF could inhibit the CYP3A-related erythromycin N-demethylase activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner, while it did not suppress CYP3A expressions at both protein and mRNA levels after administration with EF for a short period (no more than 24 h); however, after injection with EF at a high dose (10 mg/kg) for a long period, the CYP3A protein and mRNA reached their lowest levels at 96 and 48 h, respectively. These results indicate that EF can suppress CYP1A expressions in a dose-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting further its catalytic activity; meanwhile, both the interactions of EF with CYP3A and the expressions decrease (protein and mRNA) caused by EF contribute to the CYP3A inhibition.     

In vivo characterization of primitive hematopoietic cells in clonal ginbuna crucian carp (Carassius auratus langsdorfii)

Primitive hematopoietic cells in mammalian bone marrow are purified by flow cytometry using Hoechst 33342 (Hoechst) and rhodamine-123 (Rho), because these dyes efflux activities of hematopoietic cells widely conserved in mammals. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are identified as side population (SP) cells, characterized by specific Hoechst efflux pattern in flow cytometric analysis. We previously demonstrated that SP cells from teleost body kidney (BK) had the HSC activity by a transplantation experiment using clonal ginbuna crucian carp (Carassius auratus langsdorfii). In the present study, to isolate HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from teleosts using Hoechst and Rho, we compared the hematopoietic activity of Rho-negative (Rho(-)) cells with that of SP cells by ginbuna transplantation experiments. Rho(-) cells were clearly identified from ginbuna BK, and the majority of these cells (85%) showed a non-SP phenotype. Transplantation experiments showed that long-term repopulating activity (HSC activity) of Rho(-) cells was lower than that of SP cells, while Rho(-) cells had higher short-term repopulating activity (HPC activity) than SP cells. These results suggest that Rho(-) cells in ginbuna BK contain various stages of hematopoietic cells, while SP cells are highly enriched for HSCs, and that these dyes are useful for purification of HSCs and HPCs in teleosts.     

Effects of dietary protein levels on the long-term growth response and fitting growth models of gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio)

A 41-wk growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on the long-term growth response and fitting growth models of gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio) with an initial body weight of 1.85 ± 0.17 g. The dietary protein levels were designed at 320(P32), 360(P36). 400(P40).and 440 g/kg(P44), respectively. The growth curves of the gibel carp for each group were fitted and analyzed with four nonlinear regression models(Gompertz. logistic. von Bertalanffy and Richards). The final body weights(mean ± SD) of the fish were 226 ± 6.231 ± 7.242 ± 2, and 236 ± 2 g for P32, P36, P40,and P44. respectively. Feed conversion ratio of P40 and P44 groups was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups(P 0.05). Productive protein value of P44 group was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups, but not different from that of P40 group(P 0.05). The growth response of the gibel carp for each group was the best fitted by Richards model with the lowest Chi~2, residual sum of squares and residual variance, then Gompertz and von Bertalanffy growth models, but the logistic model did not fit the data well justified by Chi~2 values. The optimal protein level(400 g/kg) prolonged the stage of fast growth and predicted the highest asymptotic weight, which was close to the harvest size in practice.     

L-肉碱对异育银鲫生长性能及肌肉品质的影响

本文旨在研究L-肉碱对异育银鲫生长性能、肌肉品质的影响.选用120尾体况相近,体重(178.22±4.65)g的异育银鲫,随机分成6组,每组两个重复,每个重复10尾,各组日粮中分别按0、50、100、150、200、250 mg/kg梯度添加L-肉碱,试验期为60 d.结果表明:饲料中添加L-肉碱均可不同程度提高异育银鲫平均尾增重,200mg/kg组增重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,200 mg/kg组肌肉水分含量显著降低(P＜0.05),粗蛋白质含量显著升高(P＜0.05);200 mg/kg(P＜0.05)和250 mg/kg(P＜0.01)粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组.L-内碱可在一定程度上改善鱼体肌肉氨基酸含量和组成.本研究表明.L-肉碱可促进异育银鲫生长、提高饲料转化率,改善鱼体品质风味,且添加量为200 mg/kg时效果最好.     

Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) after oral,intramuscular, intraperitoneal,and bath administration

The pharmacokinetics (PK) of cefquinome (CEQ) was studied in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) after single oral, intramuscular (i.m.), and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight and following incubation in a 5 mg/L bath for 5 hr at 25°C. The plasma concentration of CEQ was determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). PK parameters were calculated based on mean CEQ concentration using WinNonlin 6.1 software. The disposition of CEQ following oral, i.m., or i.p. administration was best described by a two‐compartment open model with first‐order absorption. After oral, i.m., and i.p. administration, the maximum plasma concentration (C_max) values were 1.52, 40.53, and 67.87 μg/ml obtained at 0.25, 0.23, and 0.35 hr, respectively, while the elimination half‐life (T_1/2β) values were 4.68, 7.39, and 6.88 hr, respectively; the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) values were 8.61, 339.11, and 495.06 μg hr/ml, respectively. No CEQ was detected in the plasma after bath incubation. Therapeutic blood concentrations of CEQ can be achieved in the crucian carp following i.m. and i.p. administration at a dosage of 10 mg/kg once every 2 days.