苜蓿多糖对肉鸡生长性能和盲肠短链脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在探究饲粮中添加不同剂量苜蓿多糖对肉鸡生长性能及盲肠食糜中短链脂肪酸含量（SCFAs）的影响。试验选取240只1日龄艾维因肉鸡,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、2%的苜蓿多糖。试验期42d。结果表明,在1～21d,与对照组相比,添加1%、2%的苜蓿多糖显著提高肉鸡体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、盲肠食糜中乙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸及总SCFAs含量（P<0.05）,而且1%组苜蓿多糖乙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸及总SCFAs含量显著高于其他三组（P<0.05）;在1～42 d,1%苜蓿多糖组肉鸡体重和平均日增重最高,0.5%、2%苜蓿多糖组次之,而对照组最低,且差异显著（P<0.05）;与其他三组相比,1%苜蓿多糖显著降低肉鸡饲料转化率（P<0.05）;苜蓿多糖组肉鸡盲肠食糜中乙酸、丁酸、异戊酸含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,0.5%、1%苜蓿多糖组盲肠食糜中丙酸及异丁酸含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加苜蓿多糖可改善肉鸡生长性能,...     

果寡糖对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、消化酶活性及屠宰性能的影响

选择1日龄岭南黄高产快大型商品肉雏鸡2000只,随机分成5个处理组,每组设4个重复,每个重复100只(公母各半).各处理组肉鸡日粮分别添加0(对照)、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%果寡糖.结果显示,肉鸡日粮中添加0.6%水平的果寡糖可显著降低肉鸡的料重比(P＜0.05),提高肠道淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶的活性(P＜0.05).盲肠内容物微生物检测结果提示,日粮中添加适量果寡糖可显著改善肉鸡肠道微生态环境(P＜0.05).果寡糖对肉鸡的屠宰性能没有显著影响.     

杨木低聚木糖对肉鸡生长性能、肠道消化酶活性和短链脂肪酸含量及血清激素水平的影响

本试验以肉鸡为研究对象,对以杨木屑为原料、采用醋酸催化法制取的低聚木糖进行评价,研究低聚木糖对肉鸡生长性能、肠道消化酶活性和短链脂肪酸含量及血清激素水平的影响,探讨低聚木糖的促生长机制,为醋酸催化法生产低聚木糖的应用提供理论依据.选用120只1日龄爱拔益加肉公鸡,随机分为2个组,即对照组和低聚木糖组,每组6个重复,每个...     

果寡糖对肉鸡生长、肠道菌群和肠形态的影响

研究了饲粮中分别添加0、2000、4000、6000mg/kg果寡糖对艾维菌商品代肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和肠形态的影响。结果表明：目粮中添加4000mg/kg果寡糖使肉鸡日增重提高了9．53％（P＜0．01），2000、4000mg/kg果寡糖使料重比分别降低了5．09％（P＜0．05）和7．87％（P＜0．05）；4000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠中双歧杆菌和总厌氧菌数分别增加了257．65％（P＜0．05）和100．00％（P＜0．05），使梭菌数下降了79．36％（P＜0．05）；2000、4000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠中乳酸杆菌数分别增加了45．73％（P＜0．05）和67．97％（P＜0．01），使大肠杆菌数分别下降了75．71％（P＜0．05）和71．35％（P＜0．05）；4000和6000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠中乙酸、丁酸和总短链脂肪酸含量分别提高了23．25％（P＜0．05）和26．08％（P＜0．05）、144．36％（P＜0．05）和202．97％（P＜0．01）、47．08％（P＜0．01）和58．31％（P＜0．01）；2000、4000和6000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠中丙酸含量分别提高了45．27％（P＜0．05）、73．22％（P＜0．01）和89．37（P＜0．01）；4000、6000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠上皮黏膜腺窝深度和细胞密度分别提高了22．62％（P＜0．05）和25．72％（P＜0．01）、19．28％（P＜0．05）和23．07％（P＜0．05）。     

短链脂肪酸对畜禽肠道生理功能及生长性能的影响

短链脂肪酸是膳食纤维在大肠内经细菌发酵的产物,不仅为肠上皮细胞提供能量,还可影响肠粘膜屏障和肠上皮细胞的通透性、氧化应激反应等。本文根据近年来国内外有关研究进展,对短链脂肪酸的产生、短链脂肪酸对畜禽肠道生理功能以及生长性能的影响进行了综述。     

低寡糖含量饲粮中添加果寡糖对肉鸡生产性能的影响

144只1日龄AA肉公鸡，随机分为4个处理组，在玉米-大豆浓缩蛋白型低寡糖含量的肉鸡基础日粮中添加0．25％、0．50％。1．00％的果寡糖，以基础日粮组作为对照组。结果表明，0．50％添加组表现最好，但1．00％添加组对内鸡生产性能的改善不显著。果寡糖对内鸡生产性能的改善作用，生长前期比后期效果明显。     

卷曲乳杆菌对生长猪生长性能、粪便菌群和短链脂肪酸组成以及血清长链脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究猪源卷曲乳杆菌对生长猪生长性能、粪便菌群和短链脂肪酸组成以及血清长链脂肪酸组成的影响。选取体重(20.35±0.53) kg的二元杂交(长×大)生长猪120头,随机分成2组,每组4个重复,每个重复15头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加卷曲乳杆菌冻干制剂(卷曲乳杆菌添加量为5.5×109CFU/kg),饲喂期为30 d。饲养试验结束当天采集新鲜粪便用于16S rRNA V3～V4区菌群和短链脂肪酸组成的测定,采集血清用于长链脂肪酸组成的测定。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,试验组生长猪平均日增重提高了7. 32%(P <0.05),料重比降低了5.68%(P<0. 05); 2)饲粮中添加卷曲乳杆菌能够提高生长猪粪便菌群物种丰富度,增加厚壁菌门及乳酸杆菌属和光岗菌属的比例; 3)与对照组相比,试验组生长猪粪便中丁酸含量增加了6.20%(P<0.05),乙酸含量减少了9.88%(P<0.05); 4)试验组猪群血清中亚油酸和花生四烯酸含量分别比对照组提高了11.12%(P<0.05)和6.28%(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,在饲粮中添加5.5×109CFU/kg卷曲乳杆菌能够影响生长猪的粪便菌群组成,增加粪便中丁酸的含量,并改善血清中不饱和脂肪酸的组成,从而对生长猪的肠道健康及生长起到促进作用。     

果寡糖和益生菌对肉鸡生产性能和腹泻的影响

抗生素作为生长促进剂，在疾病防治、促进动物生长和提高饲料的转化效率等方面具有重要作用，曾对饲料工业和养殖业的发展起着革命性的推动作用。但抗生素在饲料中的滥用，会导致药物残留和产生抗药性等副作用，引起民众对畜产品消费的恐慌和抵制。“绿色”和“环保”是21世纪畜牧业发展的主题，     

低水平钙磷日粮添加植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能和养分消化的影响

文章旨在探讨植酸酶对饲喂低水平钙磷日粮肉鸡生长性能和养分表观消化率的影响.试验将平均初始体重为(61.56±0.66)g的1日龄肉鸡随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复38只.对照组饲喂正常钙磷水平的玉米豆粕型日粮,T1～T3组饲喂低钙磷水平的玉米豆粕型日粮+0、1000和1500?FIU/kg植酸酶,试验分为1～21...     

甘露寡糖对肉鸡生长性能的影响

选取11日龄肉鸡800只，随机分为4组，每组4个重复，每个重复50只鸡，公母各半，笼养，自由采食。在肉鸡饲粮中不添加抗生素的情况下，添加适量的Bio-MOS，能提高肉鸡的生产性能；表明Bio-MOS能部分或完全取代抗生素在肉鸡饲粮中应用，其中Bio-MOS添加量以1．0g／kg效果较好。     

不同营养水平饲粮添加酵母浓缩物对罗斯肉鸡生长性能、肠道消化酶活性及肠黏膜组织结构的影响

旨在研究在不同营养水平饲粮添加酵母浓缩物对罗斯肉鸡生长性能、肠道消化酶活性及肠黏膜组织结构的影响。选取192羽1日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复16只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中添加0.2%的酵母浓缩物,Ⅲ组在低营养水平饲粮添加0.2%酵母浓缩物,试验期42d。结果表明:与对照组相比试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组ADG分别提高11.47%(P0.05)和4.20%(P0.05),F/G降低(P0.05),平均日增重(ADG)和F/G不同营养水平间差异不显著(P0.05);各组十二指肠内容物消化酶活性差异不显著(P0.05);与对照组相比Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠绒毛高度分别提高6.16%(P0.05)和1.96%(P0.05),空肠绒毛高度分别提高3.43%(P0.05)和0.86%(P0.05),十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度不同营养水平间差异显著(P0.05);与对照组相比十二指肠隐窝深度分别降低2.25%(P0.05)和1.25%(P0.05),不同营养水平间差异显著(P0.05);与对照组相比十二指肠V/C分别提高8.51%(P0.05)和3.90%(P0.05),不同营养水平间差异显著(P0.05);回肠V/C分别提高5.27%(P0.05)和1.48%(P0.05),不同营养水平间差异不显著(P0.05)。综合分析,不同营养水平饲粮添加酵母浓缩物均可提高罗斯肉鸡ADG降低F/G,提高十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度、降低隐窝深度、提高V/C,低营养水平和适宜营养水平饲粮添加对罗斯肉鸡生长性能的影响差异不显著。     

饲粮纤维源对仔猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响

通过检测饲粮中添加不同来源的纤维对猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响,初步探讨饲粮纤维源调控仔猪肠道健康的可能机制。试验共选取健康状况良好、体重均一[(9.26±0.17) kg]的仔猪840头(杜×长×大;32日龄),随机分为3个处理组:对照组(control group, CG),苜蓿草粉组(alfalfa meal group, AG),商品浓缩纤维组(commodity concentrated fiber, OG),每个处理4个重复,每个重复70头仔猪。预试期3 d,试验于35日龄开始,60日龄结束时屠宰取样,测量肠道重量及长度,观察小肠段绒毛形态结构并测定消化酶活性。结果发现,AG较CG显著降低仔猪的腹泻率(P<0.05),但对仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比均无显著影响(P>0.05);AG、OG较CG显著提高仔猪的大肠段长度和重量(P<0.05);AG较CG改善了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P>0.05),AG较OG显著提高了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P<0.05),OG较CG显著提高了回肠的绒毛高度(P<0.05);OG较CG显著降低了空肠中淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),AG较CG、OG显著提高了糜蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加适量的苜蓿草粉可以促进仔猪的肠道发育,降低仔猪腹泻率,从而有利于仔猪生长发育。     

Effect of probiotic on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of Arbor Acres broilers

The effect of probiotic, Bacillus coagulans NJ0516, on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of Arbor Acres (AA) broilers was investigated. Strains NJ0516 were added to commercial basal diets as probiotic at three final concentrations: T-1, 1 × 10⁶ cfu g⁻¹; T-2, 2 × 10⁶ cfu g⁻¹ and T-3, 4 × 10⁶ cfu g⁻¹, respectively. Twelve groups, of 30 broilers, with three replicates for each treatment group (T-1, T-2 and T-3) and the control group treated without probiotic were used. After 49 days, broilers receiving the diets supplemented with probiotic showed significantly better growth performances including final weight and daily weight gain (DWG) than those fed the basal diet (control). As for feed conversion ratio (FCR), T-2 and T-3 showed lower value (P < 0.05) than the control. However, there was no significant different in final weight, DWG and FCR between T-1, T-2 and T-3 and the survival rate was not affected (P > 0.05) by the dietary treatments. The higher protease activities were observed in T-2 and T-3 (P < 0.05) compared with the control and T-1. However, there was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between T-2 and T-3 in protease activity. Amylase activity in T-1, T-2 and T-3 was remarkably higher (P < 0.05) than that in the control. Significantly higher amylase activity was observed in T-2 compared with that of T-1. There was no remarkable difference (P > 0.05) in amylase activity of T-2 compared with that of T-3, even though there was a tendency for increased activity. As for lipase activity of duodenum in broilers, assays showed no difference in all treatment groups. It showed that probiotic, B. coagulans NJ0516 administration in feed with a certain concentration displayed a growth promoting effect and increased the protease and amylase activities.     

Effects of dietary inclusion of fermented cottonseed meal on growth, cecal microbial population, small intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity of broilers

Two experiments were conducted to test the feeding value of fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) in broilers. In experiment 1, 480 1-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were allocated into 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates (20 birds per replicate) to examine the effects of FCSM on the growth response of chickens. Experimental feeding was performed for 6 weeks in two phases (starter, days 0 to 21; finisher, days 22 to 42). FCSM was used at 0, 40, 80, and 120 g/kg levels to replace soybean meal in the basal diet. The dietary inclusion of 40 and 80 g/kg FCSM increased (quadratic (Q): p?<?0.01) the body weight gain of broilers in the starter and in the overall feeding periods. Experiment 2 determined the effect of FCSM on the cecal microbial populations, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity of broilers. The number of lactobacilli in the cecal digesta increased at day 21 (p?<?0.01) and day 42 (linear (L): p?=?0.01). Coliform bacteria counts decreased (L: p?<?0.05) with the increasing inclusion of FCSM at day 21. The inclusion of FCSM increased (L–Q: p?<?0.05) villus height in the duodenum and linearly elevated (p?<?0.05) villus height and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum at day 21. Similar improvement (L: p?<?0.05) was noted in jejunal villus height at day 42. The inclusion of FCSM improved (p?<?0.05) the activities of amylase and protease at day 21, as well as protease at day 42. In conclusion, the appropriate inclusion of FCSM improves growth, cecal microflora, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity in yellow-feathered broilers.     

山楂提取物对肉仔鸡生产性能、养分消化率及消化酶酶活的影响

试验旨在研究山楂提取物对AA+肉鸡生产性能、养分消化率及消化酶酶活的影响,并探讨了山楂提取物在肉鸡日粮中的适宜添加量。试验选用1日龄健康AA+肉鸡300只,随机分为5个处理组,每组60只,设6个重复,每个重复10只。采用单因子试验设计,在玉米-豆粕型日粮中分别添加0、10、15、20、25mg/kg的山楂提取物。试验期6周,分两个阶段进行(0~3和4~6周龄)。结果表明:日粮中添加山楂提取物能显著提高AA+肉鸡的平均采食量(P<0.05)、平均日增重(P<0.05),提高肉鸡生长后期饲料转化率;可提高粗蛋白质、钙、磷的表观消化率(P>0.05),降低粗脂肪的消化率(P>0.05);适宜的添加量水平可极显著提高十二指肠和胰腺的胰蛋白酶活性(P<0.01),显著提高胰腺脂肪酶活性(P<0.05),对淀粉酶活性也有提高(P>0.05)。根据试验结果综合评定得出:肉仔鸡日粮中以添加20mg/kg的山楂提取物为最好。     

大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

在玉米-大豆浓缩蛋白型低寡糖基础日粮中分别添加0%、0．5%、1．00％或2．00％的大豆寡糖（水苏糖含量为83．7％），研究了不同添加量大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响。选用192只1日龄AA肉公鸡，随机分成4个处理组，每个处理设6个笼（重复），每笼8只鸡。结果表明：大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响存在剂量反应关系，低剂量表现为促进作用，高剂量则表现为抑制作用；而且生长前期剂量反应程度强于生长后期。添加0．50％大豆寡糖，使1～21日龄生长阶段肉仔鸡的ADG比对照组显著提高了6．16％（P〈0．05）；使22～42日龄、1～42日龄的ADG和1～21日龄、22～42日龄、1～42日龄的ADFI有增加的趋势，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）；添加1．00％大豆寡糖，使22～42日龄、1～42日龄肉仔鸡的ADG和22～42日龄、1～42日龄的ADFI及F／G有增加的趋势，使1～21日龄的ADG和ADFI有降低的趋势，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）；添加2．00％大豆寡糖，使1～21日龄、1～42日龄的ADG显著降低了11．13％和5．75％（P〈0．05），1～21日龄的F/G显著增加了8．67%（P〈0．05）；22～42日龄的ADG和1～21日龄、22～42日龄、1～42日龄的ADFI有下降的趋势，22～42日龄、1～42日龄的F／G有增加的趋势，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

不同蛋白源日粮对肉鸡生长性能、酶活及胫骨特征的影响

文章旨在评估肉鸡在不同生长阶段饲喂不同蛋白源日粮对其生长性能、小肠酶活和胫骨特征的影响。试验将平均初始体重为（43.55±0.36）g的400只商品肉仔鸡随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只。试验分为1～14?d和15～28?d两个试验阶段,T1组肉鸡在1～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T2组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂豆粕型日粮,15～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T3组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂菜粕型日粮,15～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T4组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,15～28?d饲喂豆粕型日粮,T5组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,15～28?d饲喂菜粕型日粮。结果：T3和T4组肉鸡1～14?d平均日增重和采食量显著高于T1和T2组,而T1和T2组肉鸡1～14?d料重比最低（P＜0.05）。T1和T5组肉鸡小肠胰蛋白酶活性显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,T3和T4组肉鸡小肠脂肪酶活性显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,T1组肉鸡小肠糜蛋白酶活性最低（P＜0.05）。T2组胫骨灰分含量较其他组分别显著提高了9.65%、13.64%、15.74%和17.92%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,肉鸡在生长初期（1～14?d）饲喂菜粕型日粮可以显著改善采食量和日增重。 [关键词]蛋白源饲料|肉鸡|生长性能|酶活|胫骨特征     

Effects and interaction of dietary electrolyte balance and citric acid on growth performance,intestinal histomorphology,digestive enzyme activity and nutrient transporters expression of weaned piglets

Fifty-six piglets were weaned at 21 days and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 dietary treatments with 7 replicate pens for a 14-day experimental period. The eight experimental diets were prepared via a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with citric acid (CA; 0 and 0.3%) and dietary electrolyte balance (dEB, Na +K − Cl mEq/kg of the diet; −50, 100, 250, and 400 mEq/kg). Varying dEB values were obtained by altering calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate contents. Dietary CA significantly increased (p < .05) villus height (VH) and villus height:crypt depth (VH:CD) in the jejunum. Piglets fed a 250 mEq/kg diet increased (p < .05) VH and VH:CD values in the duodenum. Jejunal VH and VH:CD increased (quadratic; p < .05), and ileal VH:CD (liner and quadratic; p < .05) decreased as dEB was increased in diets without CA, but no such effect was observed on the diets containing CA (dEB ×CA; p < .05). The CD in jejunum (quadratic; p < .05) increased as dEB was increased in diets containing CA, whereas it was decreased (linear; p < .05) in the diets without CA (dEB ×CA; p < .001). Dietary CA increased maltase activity and reduced the number of Ki67-positive cells (p < .05). Increasing dEB values in diets without CA increased sucrose and lactase activities (quadratic; p < .05), but no such effect was observed in the diets with CA (dEB ×CA; p < .05). An interaction effect between dEB and CA on the number of Ki67-positive cells was observed (p < .001). In conclusion, 250 mEq/kg dEB diet with CA improved piglet intestinal digestion and absorption function by improving intestinal morphology and increasing digestive enzyme activities. However, these improvements were also observed in piglets fed the 100 mEq/kg dEB diet without CA.     

饲料肽对仔猪后期的生长、氨基酸消化率及消化酶活性的影响

本试验研究饲料肽对仔猪后期的生长、氨基酸利用率和肠道消化酶活性的影响.选用体重近似的96头(38±2)日龄的杜长大仔猪,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理4个重复.4个处理分别为:含6%鱼粉的对照组(C)、6%鱼粉和2%血浆蛋白粉的日粮组(T1)以及分别加1%和2%饲料肽等蛋白取代喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉的试验日粮组(T2和T3),试验21 d结束时进行屠宰试验.结果表明:血浆蛋白粉和饲料肽可显著提高仔猪的平均日增重和日粮必需氨基酸消化率(P<0.05),二者之间的生产性能和日粮必需氨基酸消化率差异不显著(P>0.05).日粮处理对仔猪肠道消化酶活性没有显著影响(P>0.05).这表明饲料肤部分取代喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉对仔猪后期的生长、氨基酸消化率和消化酶活性无显著影响.     

Effects of exogenous enzymes and dietary energy on performance and digestive physiology of broilers

The study was conducted to compare the effects of XG with AG and BM at different metabolizable energy diets on growth performance, digestive physiology and energy utilization of broilers fed with corn-SBM diet. A 2 x 4 factoria design was used with two basal diets （the positive control group, PC; negative control with ME reduction 100 kcal/ kg, NC） and with or without the addition of three exogenous enzymes （0.02% BM; 0.01% AG; 0.05% XG） respectively. 1,200 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 8 treatments with 10 pens of 1_5 broilers. There was no significant difference on BW, BWG, and FI at 0-21d, 21-42d or 0-42d for diet, enzymes or their interactions, but FI at 22-42d and 0-42d were tend to be decreased with the addition of enzymes. The F/G was significantly improved by the addition of enzymes especially in NC diet. The dietary AME and TME in PC or NC diet were significantly increased by XG or AG in NC diet. The villus length and V/C of ileum were significantly increased by the addition of BM or XG. XG improved the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase, BM improved the activity of trypsin at 21d, and AG improved the activity of chymotrypsin at 21d. Comparing to PC diet, the addition of enzymes in PC or NC diet decreased feed cost per kg body weight gain especially in NC diet （except AG in PC diet） with the highest profits for XG in NC diet. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.02% BM or 0.01% AG or 0.0.5% XG could improve feed conversion of broilers in corn-soybean meal diet by improving energy utilization and digestive physiology, and also supplementation of 0.05% XG had a preferable efficacy in low energy diet.