Phenotypic expression of transformation: induction in cell culture by a phorbol ester

A biologically potent, tumor-promoting phorbol ester from Croton tiglium L. induces the appearance of transformed clones in a population of contact-inhibited fibroblasts of the mouse cell line 3T3. Mixed populations of cells with 10,000 3T3 cells and 100 virus-transformed cells were exposed to the phorbol ester and, in comparison with untreated cells, showed a marked increase in the numbers of transformed clones that grew. Exposure of 3T3 cultures to the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene alone or prior to exposure to the phorbol ester did not cause any increase in the number of transformed clones.     

New method for detecting cellular transforming genes

Tumor induction in athymic nude mice can be used to detect dominant transforming genes in cellular DNA. Mouse NIH 3T3 cells freshly transfected with either cloned Moloney sarcoma proviral DNA or cellular DNA's derived from virally transformed cells induced tumors when injected into athymic nu/nu mice. Tumors were also induced by cells transfected with DNA from two tumor-derived and one chemically transformed human cell lines. The mouse tumors induced by human cell line DNA's contained human DNA sequences, and DNA derived from these tumors was capable of inducing both tumors and foci on subsequent transfection. Tumor induction in nude mice represents a useful new method for the detection and selection of cells transformed by cellular oncogenes.     

High efficiency DNA-mediated transformation of primate cells

Tissue culture cells from several mammalian species, including three primate lines, were transfected with recombinant vectors carrying Escherichia coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase or Tn5 aminoglycoside phosphotransferase dominant selectable markers. Human HeLa and SV40-transformed xeroderma pigmentosum cells exhibited stable transformation frequencies of at least 10(-3) (0.1 percent). CV-1, an African green monkey kidney cell line, could be stably transformed with the exceptionally high frequency of 6 X 10(-2) (6 percent).     

版纳微型猪近交系性别决定基因（SRY）原核表达载体的构建及蛋白高效表达

 为了构建版纳微型猪近交系SRY的原核表达载体pET 32a(+) SRY,并通过诱导使其在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达,研究采用添加限制性内切酶位点的引物特异性扩增SRY,连入pMD19 T simple载体,转化入大肠杆菌DH5α,克隆后提取pMD19 T SRY阳性重组质粒,使用相同的内切酶同时对pMD19 T SRY质粒和原核表达pET 32a（+）载体进行酶切,连接后使SRY定向克隆到pET 32a(+)表达载体中。经PCR、酶切和测序鉴定后,重组质粒转化大肠杆菌感受态DH5α,提取质粒后再次转化大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）,用不同浓度的异丙基硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导表达,并通过15% SDS PAGE鉴定。结果显示,不同浓度IPTG诱导的SRY均在大肠杆菌中进行了高效特异性融合表达。     

Reversion of murine sarcoma virus transformed mouse cells: variants without a rescuable sarcoma virus

Murine sarcoma virus transformed mouse 3T3 cells, which are negative for murine leukemia virus and which yield sarcoma virus after superinfection with murine leukenmia virus, spotaneously give rise to flat variants front which murine sarcoma virus can no longer be rescued. The revertants support leukemia viruis growth and show an enhanced sensitivity to murine sarcoma superinfection and, like normal cells, do not release RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. Because revertants could be obtained with high frequency from progeny of single transformed cells, each cell that containts the sarconma virus genome seems to have the capacity to suppress or eliminate an RNA tumor virus native to its species of origin.     

建立猪囊尾蚴细胞系的研究

为建立具有免疫原性的猪囊尾蚴细胞系,试验对猪囊尾蚴细胞进行了体外培养,并将建立的细胞系命名为猪囊尾蚴CC-97免疫细胞系。猪囊尾蚴细胞原代培养30d后形成单层细胞,然后将单层细胞以1：2分种率传代培养,相隔7d传代一次,连传24代。结果表明：光镜下观察发现,细胞系由3种类型细胞组成,以椭圆形细胞占优势,梨形、球形细胞数量接近。放射自显影法测定细胞分裂情况,3H—TdR显示细胞生长指数,结果均表明,细胞对数增殖期长达7d,细胞从12h开始倍增分裂,第四、五天相继达到倍增分裂高峰,细胞增殖率达11倍,增量达6．32X10^（9）／L,后来达到1：37的分种率,细胞数为3．7X10^（10）／L;细胞周期约为32h,细胞系以二倍体细胞为主,染色体有10对2条,细胞蛋白质组分有30个区带,酯酶同工酶谱显示一条区带,分子量约32kDa;细胞系经荧光抗体检测表明,与猪囊尾蚴具有同源性,致肿瘤性与外源污染检验均为阴性。结果提示,建立的猪囊尾蚴细胞系是一个形态均一、生长旺盛、遗传性稳定、免疫原性高、无污染、无致肿瘤性、与猪囊尾蚴同源的生物学新品系。     

Transformation by oncogenes encoding protein kinases induces the metastatic phenotype

Oncogenes encoding serine/threonine or tyrosine kinases were introduced into the established rodent fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3 and tested for tumorigenic and metastatic behavior in T cell-deficient nude mice. Transforming oncogenes of the ras family were capable of converting fibroblast cell lines to fully metastatic tumors. Cell lines transformed by the kinase oncogenes mos, raf, src, fes, and fms formed experimental metastases and (in some cases) these genes were more efficient at metastatic conversion than a mutant ras gene. In contrast, cells transformed by either of two nuclear oncogenes, myc or p53, were tumorigenic when injected subcutaneously but were virtually nonmetastatic after intravenous injection. These data demonstrate that, in addition to ras, a structurally divergent group of kinase oncogenes can induce the metastatic phenotype.     

Viral RNA subunits in cells transformed by RNA tumor viruses

Single-stranded 35S and 20S viral RNA species are synthesized in virus-producing mouse and rat cells transformed by the murine sarcoma virus. A transformed hamster cell line that does not produce virus synthesizes 35S, but not 20S viral RNA.     

莎能奶山羊皮肤成纤维细胞几种冷冻保存方法的研究

以莎能奶山羊皮肤组织为材料进行细胞培养,通过分离纯化建立了莎能奶山羊皮肤成纤维细胞系.纯化培养的成纤维细胞在冷冻保护剂和血清成分相同的条件下选用5种具有不同预冷平衡方式和预冷时间的方法进行冷冻保存,5个月后通过对成纤维细胞复苏后的活力对比分析,方法3(70%细胞悬液 20%胎牛血清 10%DMSO;先在4 C预冷平衡0.5 h,接着液氮罐口气态氮悬挂4 h,然后沉入液氮)冻存细胞解冻后胎盘蓝染色细胞活力分析,活细胞率为84.8%,培养48 h后细胞贴壁率为85.4%,明显高于其他几种方法.     

甘蓝型油菜显性核不育系D3A的细胞学研究

为明确甘蓝型油菜显性核不育两型系D3AB的花器官形态差异和不育材料D3A的花药败育时期与特点,并为进一步研究雄性不育机理奠定基础,分别对D3A与D3B不同时期的花蕾进行了形态学观察及细胞学研究.首先通过体视镜观察发现, D3A与D3B外观形态无明显差异,均能正常开花,且在雄蕊发育早期均表现正常,后期D3A雄蕊退化萎缩,花粉囊不能正常开裂;不育材料D3A子房柱头发育速度稍快于D3B.通过扫描电镜观察发现, D3A早期花药基部开始皱缩,表皮细胞排列紧密.随着花蕾发育, D3A花粉囊壁表皮细胞逐渐萎缩,最终塌陷且药室不能正常开裂释放花粉; D3B花粉囊始终呈现出紧致饱满状态,花药正常开裂,同时释放出大量成熟花粉粒.通过石蜡切片观察发现,不育材料D3A和可育材料D3B在花蕾发育早期,都能形成花粉母细胞,但与D3B相比, D3A花粉母细胞结构松散,且绒毡层已开始呈现液泡化状态;进入四分体时期,不育材料D3A的花粉囊中观察到高度液泡化的绒毡层细胞,且无四分体结构出现.实验结果表明:绒毡层细胞提前发生了降解而未向分泌型转化,使四分体时期丧失了发育过程中所必需的营养物质,从而不能形成小孢子并发育为成熟的花粉粒进行释放,因此认为D3A的败育属于绒毡层发育异常类型.     

Inhibition of endothelial regeneration by type-beta transforming growth factor from platelets

Damage to the vessel wall is a signal for endothelial migration and replication and for platelet release at the site of injury. Addition of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) purified from platelets to growing aortic endothelial cells inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation in a concentration-dependent manner. A transient inhibition of DNA synthesis was also observed in response to wounding; cell migration and replication are inhibited during the first 24 hours after wounding. By 48 hours after wounding both TGF-beta-treated and -untreated cultures showed similar responses. Flow microfluorimetric analysis of cell cycle distribution indicated that after 24 hours of exposure to TGF-beta the cells were blocked from entering S phase, and the fraction of cells in G1 was increased. The inhibition of the initiation of regeneration by TGF-beta could allow time for recruitment of smooth muscle cells into the site of injury by other platelet components.     

Potassium ion release and enzyme secretion: adrenergic regulation by alpha- and beta-receptors

Epinephrine caused amylase secretion and K(+) release in rat parotid slices. Propranolol, which blocks beta-receptors, inhibited amylase secretion; phentolamine, which blocks alpha-receptors, inhibited K(+) release. Since enzyme secretion was associated with fusion of secretory granules to the cell membrane and K(+) release was associated with vacuole formation, it could be shown that both alpha- and beta-receptors are present in the same exocrine cell. The findings appear to exclude cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate as an intermediate in the alpha-receptor response.     

抗菌肽CM与haFGF改构体融合基因的构建与表达

构建重组改构体aFGF28-154和抗菌肽CM基因的融合基因,使其在大肠杆菌系统中融合表达,以期获得具有靶向FGFR高表达肿瘤细胞的抗肿瘤融合蛋白.利用PCR引物延伸的方法拼接得到带有G4S铰链的天蚕素-蜂毒素杂合肽CM与aFGF28-154的融合基因,插入大肠杆菌表达载体pET20b中,构建表达质粒pET-CM-aFGF28-154,并转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),氨苄青霉素抗性筛选重组转化子.IPTG诱导4 h后,菌液经超声破碎,以包涵体形式表达的融合蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的18%.将包涵体溶解并通过差速离心除去部分杂蛋白,透析复性并用Heparin Sepharose CL-6B亲和层析,目的蛋白得到初步纯化,为进一步研究蛋白的生物学活性奠定了基础.     

水稻幼胚和悬浮细胞系遗传转化效果比较

对中花15的幼胚和悬浮细胞的遗传转化研究表明：它们对潮霉素的筛选压有所不同,幼胚愈伤为50mg／L,悬浮细胞的耐受压为30mg/L;采用农杆菌介导法将目的基因gus分别转入这2种不同培养来源的愈伤组织中,通过PCR检测,从91株Tn代再生植株中筛选出26株转基因植株,且筛选后得到的抗性愈伤率和绿苗分化率也有差异,其中幼胚来源的分别为40．87％和1．80％,悬浮细胞的分别为30．4％和1．5％,这可能与悬浮细胞后期培养时间较长导致细胞的活力有所降低有关。     

Molecular cloning of a gene sequence regulated by nerve growth factor

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for the development and differentiation of sympathetic or sensory neurons. A complementary DNA was cloned that corresponds to a gene sequence induced more than 50-fold in a cultured target cell line of pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) 5 hours after the addition of NGF. The induced messenger RNA encodes a 90,000-dalton polypeptide that may represent one of the primary events in NGF-induced differentiation of neurons.     

Construction of a novel oncogene based on synthetic sequences encoding epidermal growth factor

The autocrine model postulates that constitutive release of a mitogenic growth factor can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and cell transformation. A synthetic polynucleotide encoding epidermal growth factor conferred a tumorigenic phenotype on cells. These cells were transformed through the action of an autocrine circuit having an extracellular component.     

水稻类病变突变体spl5胚性悬浮细胞系的构建

类病变突变体（lesion mimic mutant）是一类研究细胞死亡与抗病机制的有效工具。试验以水稻类病变突变体spl5为材料,构建了spl5突变体的胚性悬浮细胞系。结果表明诱导spl5突变体愈伤组织的最佳2,4-D浓度为2 mg·L-1,疏松的Ⅱ型胚性愈伤组织经悬浮继代培养3～4个月后可获得理想的胚性悬浮细胞系,FDA-PI染色结果表明该细胞悬浮体系活力高。水稻类病变突变体spl5胚性悬浮细胞系的建立可为进一步研究spl5突变体细胞死亡及其与病原菌互作的机制奠定基础。     

Adenovirus tumorigenesis: role of the viral genome in determining tumor morphology

Adenovirus type 12 transforms the fibroblastic BHK21 (baby hamster kidney) cell line into rounded or cuboidal cells that give rise in hamsters to undifferentiated small cell sarcomas indistinguishable from those induced in newborn hamsters by inoculation of the virus itself. In contrast. cells from this line transformed by polyoma virus retain their fibroblastic morphology and induce fibrosarcomas in hamsters. This suggests that the morphology of tumors induced by the adenovirus-transformed cells from this line may be determined by the viral genome and that such mechanism may also explain the remarkably uniform microscopic appearance which seems to characterize tumors induced in hamsters by direct inoculation of adenovirus type 12.