发酵饲料桑粉对育肥猪生长性能和猪肉品质的影响

为研究育肥期间补饲发酵饲料桑粉对猪的生长性能与猪肉品质的影响,54头胎次、初始体质量(65.80±1.20)kg、日龄基本一致的健康"杜×大×长"三元杂交育肥猪随机分为对照组与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组在基础饲粮的基础上添加15%饲料桑粉,试验Ⅱ组在基础饲粮的基础上添加15%发酵饲料桑粉。育肥猪在饲喂66d后,测定平均日增重、饲料增重比、屠宰率、平均背膘厚度、眼肌面积、肌肉pH值、肌内脂肪含量、肌肉剪切力,脂肪含量和脂肪酸含量等。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组的猪平均日增重提高了2.51%,差异显著(P0.05);屠宰率有所提高,但差异不显著(P0.05);平均背膘厚度,试验Ⅰ组降低了6.60%,差异显著(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组差异不显著(P0.05);肌内脂肪,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ分别提高了9.97%,17.82%,差异均显著(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组的猪肌肉剪切力降低了9.86%,差异显著(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组的猪肉内饱和脂肪酸的含量显著降低(P0.05),而不饱和脂肪酸的含量有所提高(P0.05)。     

发酵菜籽粕在生长育肥猪上的营养价值评定

本研究旨在评定固态发酵菜籽粕（fermented rapeseed meal,FRSM）在生长育肥猪上的营养价值。将16头体重为（71.25±1.23）kg的健康杜×长×大去势公猪随机分到4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复1头猪,4个处理组分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮、菜籽粕（rapeseed meal,RSM）饲粮、发酵菜籽粕（fermented rapeseed meal,FRSM）饲粮（分别等氮替代基础饲粮35%的氮）以及无氮饲粮。代谢试验预试期3 d,正式期4 d,采用全收粪尿法测定养分消化率。结果表明：1）发酵菜籽粕混合物发酵后较发酵前pH下降了1.68,粗蛋白质（CP）、水溶性蛋白质（WSP）、酸溶性蛋白质（ASP）和粗脂肪（EE）的含量分别提高了1.91%、52.88%、44.40%和24.27%,17种氨基酸含量均有所提高;中性洗涤纤维（NDF）降低了5.21%;异硫氰酸酯（ITC）和噁唑烷硫酮（OZT）的降解率分别达到92.20%和100.00%,单宁和植酸含量分别降低了35.81%和24.22%。2）FRSM干物质的表观消化率为75.28%,显著高于RSM（P<0.05）;FRSM的消化能、氮表观（真）消化率和氮表观（真）利用率分别为13.84 MJ·kg^-1、70.89%（72.84%）和68.12%（71.12%）,均极显著高于RSM（P<0.01）;FRSM的钙、磷和粗灰分的表观消化率与RSM差异不显著（P>0.05）。3）FRSM氨基酸（除半胱氨酸外）的表观（真）消化率均显著或极显著高于RSM（P<0.05或P<0.01）。综上,通过双菌固态发酵菜籽粕,降低了抗营养因子的含量,提高了菜籽粕在生长育肥猪上的养分消化率和利用率,有效地改善了菜籽粕的饲用价值。     

不同饲料添加剂对育肥猪生长效果的试验

不同饲料添加剂对育肥猪生长效果的试验许怡浙江省长兴县饲料公司饲料添加剂以其独特的作用，已被广大饲料厂家和养殖场户所使用。但目前市场上销售的饲料添加剂，种类繁多，有营养型的和非营养型的，有单项型的和复合型的，因此必须根据基础饲料的实际需要，缺啥补啥，缺...     

生长育肥猪日粮结构与饲料资源调查

生长育肥猪日粮结构与饲料资源调查黄五一（四川省万县市畜牧局６３４０００）８０年代初我市兴起了工业化生产配合饲料的行＊业。１０年过去了，我市农户生长育肥猪日粮结构、饲料＊资源等问题值得我们专业工作者认真研究。＊一、日粮结构与资源现状＊１．日粮结构１９９...     

环保饲料对育肥猪生长性能的影响

使用宜昌本地某饲料厂1生产的青印记环保饲料、1号普通饲料和饲料厂2生产的6D200环保饲料、PIG200普通饲料喂杜×长×大三元商品猪,研究环保饲料对于育肥猪生长性能和环境的影响,评估在宜昌地区推广使用环保饲料的可行性。结果表明:相比于普通饲料,饲喂青印记环保饲料后育肥猪的日增重有增加趋势,料肉比降低,氨气排放显著减少,养殖效益有所提升;饲喂6D200环保饲料后日增重无明显变化,料肉比上升,氨气排放显著减少,养殖效益基本持平。结论:青印记环保饲料和6D200环保饲料可在宜昌地区进行推广使用。     

生长育肥猪的饲料配制

根据生长育肥猪的生理特点以及影响生产性能的各个因素,规划出合理的生长育肥猪配方配制原则。     

不同品种饲料喂生长育肥猪效益分析

在养猪生产中,饲料占其投资成本的70%,如何降低饲料成本是猪场增加效益的关键。本试验的目的就是在三种饲料中选择成本低、增重快、肉质好的一种饲料,来提高养猪的经济收入。同时,也为养猪业同行提供可靠的数据,在生产实践中供参考。     

生长肥育猪营养需求模式试验

本试验设置三个营养水平验证20～35kg、35～60kg和60～90kg三个阶段杜×大×长肉猪的营养需求.试验结果表明,三个阶段各组的采食量无显著差异(p＞0.05).三个阶段高能组和中能组的日增重极显著(p＜0.01)或显著(p＜0.05)高于低能组,饲料转化率均极显著(p＜0.01)或显著(p＜0.05)优于低能组.在20～35kg阶段,高能组和中能组的日增重差异不显著(p＞0.05),但料重比的差异极显著(p＜0.01).在35～60kg阶段,高能组和中能组的日增重和料重比差异均不显著(p＞0.05).在60～90kg阶段,高能组和中能组的日增重和料重比差异均显著(p＜0.05).同时,用超声波测膘仪测量了猪的膘厚和眼肌深度,推算出胴体无脂瘦肉日增重.在20～60kg阶段,高能组和中能组极显著高于低能组(p＜0.01),高能组显著高于中能组(p＜0.05).在60～90kg阶段,高能组和中能组极显著高于低能组(p＜0.01),高能组和中能组差异不显著(p＞0.05).在20～90kg整个试验过程,高能组和中能组极显著高于低能组(p＜0.01),高能组和中能组差异不显著(p＞0.05).试验的结果显示NRC(1998)模型估测值基本符合我国瘦肉型肉猪生长需要,具有一定的实用价值,但对能量的估测值偏高,以本试验中能组的13.6MJ／kg比较符合我国的生产实际.     

Supplementing salinomycin to diets for growing-finishing pigs

Feeding experiments with growing-finishing pigs were carried out to study the effect of different dietary salinomycin concentrations upon animal performance. Besides a dietary treatment without antibiotic, three treatments consisted of 20/10 mg/kg, 40/20 mg/kg and 60/30 mg/kg salinomycin (the first and second number refer to the salinomycin content in grower and finisher diet, respectively). Compared to the control group, feeding diets with 20 or 40 mg/kg salinomycin resulted in significantly higher weight gain in the grower period (25-45 kg body weight), while also feed conversion was lower (although not statistically significant). In the finisher period (45-100 kg body weight) salinomycin had no significant effect upon weight gain or feed conversion efficiency, but the 20 and 30 mg/kg treatments yielded the best results. Considering the grower and finisher period together the dietary treatments 40/20 mg/kg and 60/30 mg/kg showed highest growth rate and most favourable feed conversion, although not statistically significant. Carcass characteristics (dressing percentage, carcass length, backfat thickness, percent meat) were not affected by dietary salinomycin supplementation.     

生长肥育猪舍的环境管理

良好的猪舍环境是维持动物健康的基础,实现养猪生产节本增效的重要途径。文章结合生长肥育猪饲养的特点,解析生长肥育猪舍环境管理的意义和作用,系统综述了猪舍地面的清洁、猪舍空气清洁度及温度和湿度的调节、适宜的光照条件、有害生物防治和其他应激源的控制等方面的技术和应用情况,对如何深化改善猪舍环境管理提出了建议。     

3种非常规粗饲料对宁乡花猪的营养价值评定

试验旨在比较猪对苎麻、构树与发酵构树营养成分的利用率,通过全收粪、回肠瘘管、Cr2O3指示剂法及套算法,采用4×4拉丁方设计,选择(30.00±1.78) kg的健康去势公猪(宁乡花猪)6头,共进行4期试验,各期分别饲喂基础日粮、70％基础日粮+30％苎麻、70％基础日粮+30％构树、70％基础日粮+30％发酵构树,测...     

Dietary sodium and chloride levels for growing-finishing pigs

The performance and the physiological and metabolic consequences of three dietary levels of Na (.03, .09 and .18%) and of Cl (.08, .17 and .32%) arranged factorially were determined in growing-finishing pigs (36 to 89 kg). Average daily gain and feed efficiency of pigs fed .03% Na were lower than pigs fed .09 or .18% Na. Gain:feed ratio of pigs fed .32 or .17% Cl was greater than that of pigs fed .08% Cl during the finishing phase (58 to 89 kg) but not during the growing phase. Increasing dietary Cl levels increased average daily feed intake and gain:feed ratio of pigs fed .03% Na, but had no effect at the higher levels of Na. Plasma Na and Cl were lower (P less than .05) while plasma K (P less than .01), total protein, (P less than .04), albumin (P less than .07) and urea N (P less than .03) were higher in pigs fed .03% Na compared with those fed .09 or .18% Na. Increasing the dietary levels of Cl decreased urea N (P less than .05). Plasma lysine:arginine ratio increased as dietary Cl increased in pigs fed .18% Na diets, but not in pigs fed .03 or .09% Na. The urea cycle intermediate ornithine was highest in the plasma of pigs fed .18% Na. Dietary Na and Cl seem to interact to affect both plasma electrolytes and basic amino acid metabolism.     

微颗粒饲料的研究与应用

微颗粒配合饲料又名人工浮游生物，美国科学家自 20世纪 60年代率先进行这方面的研制和生产，一些水产研究发达国家如日本、美国、英国等已开始生产和销售微颗粒饲料。随着研究的深入，微颗粒配合饲料在营养和性状上越来越完善，其适口性、水中悬浮性和稳定性越来越好，特别是针对鱼、虾、蟹及贝类幼体的生长特性、营养需求，配制生产专用的微颗粒饲料，经过与轮虫、卤虫并用到完全替代轮虫和卤虫，微颗粒配合饲料的研究和应用取得了突破性进展。目前，微颗粒配合饲料可以单独使用，也可与浮游生物混合使用进行育苗生产，因此具有广阔的应用…     

Nutritional value of fish meals in the diet for young pigs

A series of three experiments was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of fish meals as protein sources in young pigs' diets. Four fish meals (menhaden; mackerel, dried at 85 degrees C and 70 degrees C; and herring, dried at 70 degrees C) were tested. For the first experiment, eight pigs (2 wk old) were surgically fitted with ileal cannulas and used to measure apparent digestibility of the fish meals over the age period of 3 to 7 wk. Compared with menhaden fish meal, mackerel and herring fish meals yielded higher (P < 0.05) ileal digestibility values for threonine, serine, alanine, valine, histidine, lysine, and arginine and also for the average of all amino acids. Ileal digestibility was increased (P < 0.05) as pigs grew. For the second experiment, four different diets each containing different fish meals were fed to 120 pigs to evaluate growth performance over the age period of 3 to 7 wk. Average daily gain was higher (P < 0.07) in pigs fed diets containing either mackerel or herring fish meal than in pigs fed menhaden fish meal during 3 to 5 wk of age and was highest (P < 0.07) in pigs fed a diet containing mackerel fish meal during 5 to 6 wk of age. Gain/feed was higher (P < 0.05) in pigs fed diets containing mackerel and herring fish meals than in pigs fed menhaden fish meal. Mackerel dried at 70 degrees C showed the highest value from the previous two experiments and was chosen to measure the relative bioavailability in comparison to spray-dried porcine plasma. A classical slope-ratio design was used to measure relative bioavailability of mackerel fish meal compared to porcine plasma protein. This study showed that mackerel dried at 70 degrees C can replace spray-dried porcine plasma with the same bioavailability during d 17 to 29 postpartum with additional crystalline lysine and amino acid supplementation to match amino acid profile of the spray-dried porcine plasma.     

陈化玉米在生长猪上的营养价值评定

试验旨在评定饲粮中添加陈化玉米对生长猪的营养价值影响。选择平均体重为(33.00±0.95) kg的健康DLY三元杂交猪40头,按照体重相近的原则,随机分为对照组和陈化玉米组两个组,每组10个重复,每个重复2头猪。对照组饲喂含60%新玉米的饲粮,陈化玉米组用陈化玉米等量替代新玉米。试验分为30 d的生长试验和12 d的消化代谢试验,总计42 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,陈化玉米组对生长猪的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P>0.05);②与对照组相比,陈化玉米组对生长猪的粗蛋白质表观消化率极显著提高了10.10%(P<0.01),对灰分表观消化率极显著降低了36.63%(P<0.01);③与对照组相比,陈化玉米组对生长猪天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸的表观消化率分别极显著的提高了9.85%、10.09%、6.58%、16.17%、14.78%、12.00%、7.45%和5.56%(P<0.01),对谷氨酸、丙氨酸和胱氨酸的表观消化率显著提高了3.48%、4.11%和4.71%(P<0.05),对异亮氨酸的表观消化率有提高的趋势(P=0.071);④与对照组相比,陈化玉米组对生长猪的饲粮表观消化能和代谢能无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果提示,饲粮中使用60%的陈化玉米对生长猪的生长性能、干物质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率以及饲粮表观消化能和代谢能的影响不显著,但能极显著提高粗蛋白质和氨基酸的表观消化率。