京海黄鸡杂交配套系亲本两种球虫疫苗免疫效果的比较

为评价两种球虫疫苗对京海黄鸡杂交配套系亲本良凤鸡(BB鸡)和岭南黄鸡(FF鸡)的免疫效果,本研究对9日龄实验鸡接种两种疫苗[500个孢子化卵囊(V1组)、正典球虫苗(V2组)],24 d后攻柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)2.5万个/只,攻虫后8 d检测各项评价指标。结果显示:攻虫后临床表现、盲肠病变、相对增重率及抗球虫指数(ACI),BB鸡优于FF鸡,V1组优于V2组;两鸡群血浆中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量V1组均显著高于V2组(p0.05);BB鸡γ干扰素(IFN-γ)含量V1组显著高于V2组(p0.05);FF鸡血浆中β胡萝卜素(β-C)含量V1组显著高于V2组(p0.05)。综合分析表明,BB鸡E.tenella抗性优于FF鸡,500个E.tenella活卵囊免疫效果优于正典球虫疫苗。     

京海黄鸡杂交组合亲本鸡球虫抗性指标的比较

为研究京海黄鸡杂交组合亲本BB鸡与FF鸡鸡球虫病抗性的差异,试验选取BB和FF公鸡各30只,饲养至9日龄时,每个群体随机分为免疫组(n=15)和非免疫对照组(n=15),分组当天免疫组京海黄鸡杂交组合亲本按正典鸡球虫病四价活疫苗说明书要求接种鸡球虫疫苗,疫苗免疫后第8天采用生物素双抗体酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定免疫组和非免疫对照组8个血浆球虫抗性指标,并进行差异显著性检验.结果显示,BB鸡免疫组过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和白介素17(IL-17)的含量显著高于FF鸡免疫组(P <0.05);BB杂交组合亲本免疫组CAT含量极显著高于对照组(P <0.01),SOD含量显著高于对照组(P <0.05);FF杂交组合亲本免疫组CAT和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量均显著高于对照组(P <0.05).综合分析结果表明,BB鸡免疫效果优于FF鸡群体,BB鸡球虫病抗性优于FF鸡群体.     

京海黄鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫抗性和易感鸡抗性指标的比较研究

本研究以京海黄鸡为试验素材,将鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫攻毒后的京海黄鸡群体分成抗性组和易感组,以非攻毒的京海黄鸡为对照组,比较分析了血清抗氧化酶、白细胞介素细胞因子和一氧化氮等10个抗性指标。结果显示,3组间一氧化氮(NO)以及γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的含量比较差异显著(P<0.05),过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量比较差异极显著(P<0.01)。抗性组NO、CAT和SOD含量显著或极显著地高于易感组,而抗性组IFN-γ含量与易感组差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。公母鸡间比较只有公鸡组NO含量显著高于母鸡(P<0.05),其他指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明NO、CAT、SOD和IFN-γ可以作为抗性指标用于鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫病抗性评价和选育研究。     

白头翁不同提取物及复方抗鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫研究

以存活率、相对增重率、盲肠病变记分、卵囊值和抗球虫指数为判定指标,考察白头翁不同提取物及复方对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊致病性的影响(体外试验)和抗鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染效果(体内试验)。体内、体外试验结果均表明,白头翁不同提取物及复方均能提高相对增重率,降低盲肠病变计分和卵囊值。抗球虫指数(ACI)检测表明,白头翁不同提取物及复方对球虫孢子化卵囊有微弱的抑杀效果,对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染预防效果较差,不宜作为鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的预防和治疗药物。     

青蒿素类药物对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染的防治试验

试验以存活率、相对增重率、病变值、卵囊值以及抗球虫指数为药效评判标准,比较青蒿素及其衍生物蒿甲醚对鸡人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫的疗效情况,为球虫病防治提供参考。结果表明青蒿素对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染有一定的防治效果,与感染对照组相比,各青蒿素给药组相对增重率、存活率和抗球虫指数(ACI)均有所上升,卵囊值与盲肠病变值呈下降趋势,40 mg/kg的青蒿素给药组ACI达到147,试验结果呈现剂量依赖性;而蒿甲醚给药组无抗球虫作用,相对增重率比感染对照组下降20%以上,ACI指数仅为70.1。     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫SO7基因的原核表达及动物免疫试验

为了研究鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫SO7基因原核表达重组蛋白的免疫效力,分析其在鸡抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染中对鸡平均增重、抗球虫指数(ACI)、减少盲肠病变和卵囊数量中的作用,从柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊中提取总RNA作为模板,用RT-PCR扩增出SO7基因片段,再应用DNA重组技术将SO7基因克隆到原核表达载体pET32a(+)中并用IPTG诱导表达。SDS-PAGE结果显示,pET32a(+)-SO7表达的目的蛋白约为40ku,主要以包涵体形式存在。用纯化的重组蛋白进行动物免疫试验显示,SO7重组蛋白在鸡抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染中有较好的免疫保护作用,能够显著提高鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染鸡的平均增重和抗球虫指数(ACI),对减少盲肠病变和卵囊数量也有部分作用。     

纳川珠利对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的防治效果研究

以存活率、相对增重率、血便计分、病变值、卵囊值和抗球虫活性指数(Anticoccidial index,ACI)为药效评判指数,考察了新三嗪类化合物纳川珠利对人工感染的鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的预防和治疗效果.结果显示,纳川珠利对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病有良好的防治效果,ACI值均属高效范围,有望开发为新的抗球虫药物.     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫3-1E真核重组表达质粒的构建及其免疫保护性分析

为构建鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)重组真核表达质粒并检测其免疫保护性,本实验将E.tenella表面抗原基因3-1E(E)与鸡IFN-γ、IL-2基因分别串联在真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)中,构建真核重组表达质粒pcDNA-E-IFNγ、pcDNA-E-IL2,同时构建对照质粒pcDNA-E、pcDNA-IFNγ、pcDNA-IL2.经酶切鉴定得到预期大小目的片段,测序结果与预期序列一致.将构建的重组质粒免疫鸡只,经western blot检测表明该重组质粒在鸡体内可以正常表达;对感染鸡只的免疫保护效果显示,pcDNA-E-IFNγ、pcDNA-E-IL2组抗球虫指数(ACI)分别为181.04、187.30,具有高效的抗球虫效果,为将其进一步研制成为具有实用价值的抗球虫疫苗奠定了基础.     

中药复方禽球灵抗鸡柔嫩艾美球虫的效果

采用人工感染发病方法，观察了中药复方禽球灵抗鸡柔嫩艾美球虫的效果。结果表明，lOg／kg禽球灵对柔嫩艾美球虫的感染有较好的预防效果。抗球虫指数(ACI)达151．48，血便分数较感染不给药组降低了48．22％，料肉比较感染不给药组降低了26．29％。     

我国不同地方品种鸡(Gallus gallus domesticus)对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的易感性

旨在比较不同品种鸡(Gallus gallus domesticus)对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的易感性差异。选取26日龄无球虫感染的24个我国地方品种鸡和国外引进品种隐性白羽鸡各45只,分别分为2个感染组和1个非感染对照组,每组15只。感染组每只鸡嗉囊内接种1×105个孢子化柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊,基于感染鸡的死亡率、相对增重率、肠道病变记分、卵囊产量和抗球虫指数(ACI)等指标,评价不同鸡种对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的易感性。25个鸡种中,狼山鸡、藏鸡、大骨鸡、萧山鸡、文昌鸡、安义瓦灰鸡、白耳黄鸡、仙居鸡、大围山微型鸡和金湖乌凤鸡易感性最低,ACI介于56.80~85.76,表现为未发生死亡或死亡率低,相对增重率高,肠道病变记分低,但卵囊产量相对较高(藏鸡除外)。隐性白羽鸡、清远麻鸡、惠阳胡须鸡、固始鸡、北京油鸡、瓢鸡和汶上芦花鸡易感性最高,ACI介于-11.64~18.67之间,表现为死亡率较高(北京油鸡除外),相对增重率较低,肠道病变记分和卵囊产量较高(固始鸡除外)。其余8个品种易感性中等,ACI介于29.81~53.36。不同品种鸡对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的易感性存在较大的差异,且肉用型品种较蛋肉兼用型品种易感性高。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。