c-jun对体外培养仔猪睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌的影响

本试验用c-junASODNs诱导c-jun基因发生转录后沉默,探讨原癌基因c-jun对仔猪睾酮分泌的作用及可能机制。以2~3周龄长白仔猪为研究对象,采用体外培养体系,研究c-jun对基础状态下和hCG诱导下间质细胞(Leydig cell,LC)睾酮分泌及基础状态下LC增殖及凋亡的影响。结果显示,c-junASODNs以剂量依赖性方式抑制基础状态下和hCG诱导下睾酮分泌(P0.01)及基础状态下LC增殖(P0.01),当1μmol/Lc-junASODNs时,显著抑制LC的凋亡(P0.05)。结果表明,c-jun在基础状态下还是hCG诱导下均可促进仔猪LC睾酮的分泌,这种作用与c-jun促进LC增殖和凋亡有关。     

c-jun调节hCG诱导仔猪睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌的作用机制

为了研究c-jun调节h CG诱导仔猪睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌的作用机制,采用离体仔猪睾丸间质细胞体外孵育法,c-jun ASODNs拮抗c-jun,加用c AMP,通过酶联免疫方法检测睾酮水平来观察c-jun在调节h CG诱导仔猪睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮的影响。结果是h CG可刺激仔猪睾丸间质细胞的睾酮分泌,c-jun ASODNs(0.125~2μmol/L)呈剂量依赖性抑制h CG诱导离体睾丸间质细胞的分泌(r=-0.787,P0.01)。加用c AMP后睾酮分泌增加,可逆转c-jun ASODNs抑制h CG诱导离体睾丸间质细胞的睾酮分泌。结论是c-jun可促进h CG诱导离体仔猪睾酮间质细胞睾酮的分泌,此过程可能以c AMP作为第二信使,进行信息传递。     

C-fos对体外培养仔猪睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌的影响

通过C-fos ASODNs诱导C-fos基因发生转录后沉默,用人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)诱导体外培养的3周龄荣昌仔猪睾丸间质细胞(Leydig cells,LC)睾酮分泌,用酶联免疫分析方法检测基础状态下和HCG诱导下体外培养的仔猪睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌的水平。结果显示,C-fos ASODNs以剂量依赖性方式抑制基础状态下和HCG诱导下的睾酮分泌(P0.01),这表明C-fos在基础状态下还是HCG诱导下均可促进仔猪睾丸间质细胞睾酮的分泌。     

X射线照射对体外培养仔猪睾丸间质细胞增殖和睾酮分泌的影响

通过X射线照射体外培养仔猪睾丸间质细胞(Leydig Cells,LC),检测睾酮分泌及LC增殖情况,了解X射线对雄性睾酮分泌的影响.以3周龄仔猪为研究对象,采用体外培养体系,在hCG诱导下,X射线辐射,测定24 h后LC睾酮分泌量及LC增殖的影响.结果显示,试验常用X射线曝光剂量(43.12～84.86 μGy)曝光一次以及在63.16μGy剂量下照射5 min、15min、30 min对体外培养仔猪睾丸间质增殖有抑制作用,但在曝光剂量43.12～84.86 μGy下LC睾酮分泌量与对照组相比差异不显著,在63.16μGy剂量下照射15 min、30 min睾酮分泌量与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05).表明常用X射线剂量曝光一次对睾丸间质细胞增殖有抑制作用,但睾酮分泌量影响不大,但随着照射时间的延长,间质细胞增殖和睾酮分泌显著下降,故在临床使用X射线时应该缩短照射时间,并做好防护.     

成年小鼠睾丸间质细胞的分离、鉴定及功能检测

为建立成年小鼠睾丸间质细胞分离纯化方法,并对分离纯化的睾丸间质细胞进行睾酮分泌功能检测,对成年小鼠睾丸组织进行Ⅰ型胶原酶消化、Percoll分离液密度梯度离心,分离成年小鼠睾丸间质细胞.细胞纯度用3β-羟类固醇脱氢酶(3β-hydroxy-steroid-dehydrogenase,3β-HSD)染色鉴定.将分离纯化的睾丸间质细胞进行体外培养,在基础睾酮和人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)刺激培养条件下,用放射免疫分析法对培养上清中的睾酮含量进行检测.结果显示,通过该方法能获得高纯度成年小鼠睾丸间质细胞(＞95％),培养的睾丸间质细胞具有分泌基础睾酮以及对hCG刺激反应的能力.提示采用该方法对成年小鼠睾丸间质细胞进行分离纯化具有高效性、可用性,通过该方法获得的睾丸间质细胞是体外研究药物对睾酮分泌功能影响的良好模型.     

牛磺酸对大鼠睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮的影响及作用机理初探

将雄性Wistar大鼠（220～250g）的睾丸间质细胞混悬液用不连续梯度（5％、30％、58％、70％）Percoll分离液分离，在细胞培养液中分别加入牛磺酸及促性腺激素（HCG）、雄烯二酮、孕酮、cAMP进行培养，用放射免疫分析方法测定作用24h后培养液中睾酮含量。结果表明，牛磺酸可使睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮的能力显著增加；能增加HCG和cAMP诱导的睾酮分泌；能促进雄烯二酮和孕酮向睾酮的转化。牛磺酸能增加睾丸间质细胞睾酮的分泌，并可能在类固醇合成的多个环节中都起到了一定的促进作用。     

神经肽W对猪睾丸间质细胞增殖和睾酮分泌的影响

为了明确神经肽W(NPW)对猪睾丸间质细胞功能的影响,本试验采用RT-PCR和免疫荧光(IFA)技术研究了NPW受体NPBWR1(GPR7)、NPBWR2(GPR8)基因和蛋白在睾丸间质细胞的表达与分布,用MTT法和放射免疫分析(RIA)技术研究了不同浓度的NPW(NPW-30)对睾丸间质细胞增殖和睾酮分泌的影响。结果表明,NPBWR1和NPBWR2 mRNA在猪睾丸间质细胞中表达,NPBWR1在睾丸间质细胞上分布;10-6和10-8mol/L NPW处理睾丸间质细胞24 h可分别极限著或显著促进睾酮的分泌(P0.01,P0.05),10-10mol/L NPW可极显著促进睾丸间质细胞的增殖P0.01)。研究结果提示,NPW可促进猪睾丸间质细胞的增殖和睾酮的分泌,进而参与生殖的调控。     

白细胞介素-1α对仔猪睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌的影响

用体外培养的仔猪睾丸间质细胞，研究了白细胞介素－１α（ＩＬ－１α）对间质细胞睾酮分泌的影响。结果，ＩＬ－１α能抑制ｈＣＧ诱导的间质细胞分泌睾酮，其睾酮产生量随ＩＬ－１α剂量的增加及作用时间的延长而下降；用２０Ｕ／ｍＬ和５０Ｕ／ｍＬ的ＩＬ－１α作用４８ｈ，可分别抑制６０％及６５％的睾酮分泌量；但无ｈＣＧ诱导时，５０Ｕ／ｍＬ的ＩＬ－１α可使间质细胞基础睾酮的生成量增加１倍。提示睾丸内ＩＬ－１α可能通过多种途径调节间质细胞睾酮的产生。     

睾丸间质细胞线粒体调控睾酮合成的研究进展

睾丸间质细胞(Leydig cells, LCs)的主要功能是合成和分泌睾酮。在睾丸间质细胞内,以胆固醇为原料,位于线粒体外膜上的类固醇合成急性调节蛋白(steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR)促进胆固醇向线粒体内膜转运,在线粒体内膜胆固醇侧链裂解酶(cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome, P450scc)的催化下生成孕烯醇酮,而后通过光面内质网的羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3β-HSD)和转运蛋白(translocator protein, TSPO)的共同作用合成睾酮。因此,睾丸间质细胞合成和分泌睾酮与线粒体密切相关,线粒体结构和功能的完整性直接影响睾酮的生物合成,而位于线粒体上的StAR和P450scc是睾酮合成的关键调控因子。睾酮能够促进雄性生殖器官发育成熟并维持其功能,对促进蛋白质合成(如肌肉、骨骼及生殖器官的蛋白质合成)具有重要意义。近年来,通过维持线粒体结构完整性和改善线粒体氧化损伤、线粒体生物发生等功能进而促进睾酮的合...     

仔猪睾丸组织c-jun mRNA表达量与其血浆睾酮水平关系研究

对不同时期仔猪血浆睾酮含量和睾丸组织c-jun mRNA表达量进行了检测,以初步推测c-jun mRNA表达与睾酮分泌的关系,为进一步体外研究原癌基因c-jun对睾酮分泌的影响奠定基础。试验选择1、3、5周龄仔猪作为研究对象,利用睾酮ELISA检测试剂盒检测血浆中睾酮含量;采用SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测睾丸组织c-jun mRNA的表达。结果表明,仔猪血浆睾酮水平随周龄增加而显著升高,其中3周龄时睾酮含量最高;c-jun在各周龄睾丸组织中均有表达,其中3周龄仔猪睾丸组织c-jun mRNA表达量最高。因此,仔猪睾酮分泌与c-jun mRNA表达量可能存在相关性。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.