舒泰与右美托咪定或丙泊酚复合对兔麻醉效果的比较

为了比较舒泰与右美托咪定或丙泊酚复合对新西兰兔麻醉效果,将12只健康成年新西兰兔分为2组,每组6只,其中舒泰右美组静脉注射舒泰50(15 mg/kg)和盐酸右美托咪定(0.02 mg/kg),舒泰丙泊酚组静脉注射舒泰50(15 mg/kg)和丙泊酚(6 mg/kg),对2种麻醉方案进行麻醉指标、生理生化指标监测。结果显示：麻醉时期,舒泰右美组诱导期(2.6±0.4)min,麻醉期(31.2±5.2)min,苏醒期(8.5±2.6)min;舒泰丙泊酚组诱导期(3.6±2.24)min,麻醉期(50±5.48)min,苏醒期(3.8±1.31)min。镇静镇痛肌松效果显示,麻醉中舒泰右美组好于舒泰丙泊酚组。舒泰右美组体温、心率下降明显,舒泰丙泊酚组呼吸抑制明显;2组肝功能指标无显著变化、肾功能指标有一定影响。结果表明,舒泰右美复合方案麻醉诱导期短,对新西兰兔体温和心率有抑制作用,对肾功能有一定影响;舒泰丙泊酚复合方案麻醉期长,呼吸抑制明显,对肾功能影响较小。2种方案麻醉效果良好,均可用于兔的麻醉。     

舒泰与盐酸右美托咪定对兔复合麻醉效果的研究

为了探讨用舒泰与盐酸右美托咪定对实验兔进行复合麻醉在小型手术和试验中使用的可行性,试验在兔的耳缘静脉分别按体重注射舒泰(0.3 mL/kg)和盐酸右美托咪定(0.02 mL/kg),记录麻醉诱导时间、麻醉时间、苏醒时间,麻醉前(0分钟)及麻醉后5,10,15,20,25,30分钟的镇痛、镇静和肌松作用效果及体温(T)、呼吸频率(RR)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO₂)等生理指标;分别在麻醉前(0小时)及麻醉后1,2,24小时时耳缘静脉采血,测定血常规和血液生化指标。结果表明：该复合麻醉方案的麻醉诱导时间为(2.6±0.4)min,麻醉时间为(31.2±5.2)min,苏醒时间为(8.5±2.6)min。麻醉后5分钟大多数实验兔进入良好的镇静状态,并持续至麻醉后第25分钟;麻醉后5分钟大多数实验兔进入良好的镇痛状态,并持续至麻醉后第20分钟;麻醉后15分钟大多数实验兔肌松状态良好,并持续至麻醉后第20分钟。与麻醉前相比,实验兔T、RR、HR、SpO₂均呈现先下降后上升趋势。T在麻醉后10分钟显著下降(P<0.05);随后逐渐升高,基本...     

右美托咪啶与舒泰对圈养虎麻醉效果的观察

为了评估右美托咪啶与舒泰(替来他明和唑拉西泮合剂)对虎的麻醉效果,17只虎(4只孟加拉虎、4只华南虎和9只东北虎)按0.025~0.038 ml/kg的剂量肌肉注射进行麻醉,最终以阿替美唑进行苏醒,分别对诱导、麻醉及苏醒效果进行观察和评分。右美托咪啶和舒泰联合用药对虎的诱导期为(12.24±4.56)min,侧卧姿势进入麻醉期,平均诱导效果判定为1(极好),麻醉期间体温为(39.4±0.95)℃,较正常体温高;呼吸频率为(7.50±2.56)次/min,下降极显著,血氧饱和度为(87.32±8.43)%,与麻醉前相差不大。平均麻醉效果判定为4~5(中度麻醉至外科麻醉水平),静脉注射颉颃药阿替美唑后,苏醒时间(8.31±3.87)min,平均麻醉效果为2~3(一般,好),苏醒过程中所有虎出现较明显的共济失调或不协调的现象,苏醒后6 d内未见神经症状及其他副作用。右美托咪啶与舒泰联合用药对健康的虎是一种有效的麻醉药物,但苏醒过程中可能出现共济失调现象。     

右美托咪定与咪达唑仑复合麻醉猫的效果观察

为了评价右美托咪定与咪达唑仑复合麻醉猫的效果,本研究选取8～12月龄本地猫10只,通过对麻醉时期、镇静、肌松、镇痛以及主要生物反射进行连续监测,评价该复合方法对猫的具体麻醉效果。试验结果显示,对猫肌肉注射右美托咪定与咪达唑仑复合麻醉后,麻醉诱导期平均为3.3 min,麻醉维持时间平均为67.3 min,苏醒时间平均为12.7 min,所有参试猫均顺利完成麻醉过程;在麻醉中猫角膜反射始终存在,眼睑反射有少数猫出现消失的情况,多数猫表现为反射迟钝,肛门反射始终存在;给予药物后镇痛、镇静、肌松效果出现迅速。在给药后10 min三者均达到良好的作用效果,此种良好而确实的作用状态一直持续到给药后30 min。在给药后40 min肌松和镇痛效果率先恢复。综合试验结果表明,对猫颈部肌肉分别注入右美托咪定(50μg/kg)和咪达唑仑(0.3 mg/kg),可产生确实的麻醉效果。主要表现为诱导迅速,维持时间40～45 min,苏醒平稳,对猫正常生物学反射影响轻微,镇静等麻醉三要素作用确实均衡。     

右美托咪定与氟哌利多和布托啡诺复合对兔麻醉效果的观察

针对国内外缺乏兔专用的复合麻醉剂的现状,课题组将右美托咪定、氟哌利多、布托啡诺进行复合,采用肌肉注射麻醉家兔,并记录麻醉时间,观察制剂对兔的镇静、镇痛、肌松等效果的影响。试验结果表明,注射该复合制剂后,心率和呼吸频率在麻醉初期略有降低,但均在生理耐受范围内;麻醉诱导期为4.39±0.81 min,麻醉维持时间为60.71±4.59 min,苏醒期为20.05±3.15 min;镇静、镇痛及肌松效果均衡良好,可供50 min的良好化学保定作用。     

噻拉嗪复合舒泰对长白猪的麻醉效果观察

为评价噻拉嗪复合舒泰对长白猪的麻醉效果,试验选取10头长白猪,肌肉注射噻拉嗪1.0 mg/kg和舒泰50 8.0 mg/kg,连续监测全麻过程中猪只的麻醉状态、镇痛、镇静和肌松效果。结果表明:给药后(6±1)min全部猪只进入麻醉状态,麻醉可维持(23±1) min,苏醒期为(32±2)min;在麻醉期全程中猪只的镇痛、镇静和肌松效果良好。说明给予1.0 mg/kg的噻拉嗪和8.0 mg/kg的舒泰50对长白猪麻醉时诱导迅速,维持时间长,苏醒平稳,可用于猪外伤处置、脐疝、腹壁疝等中型手术的麻醉保定。     

α-氯醛糖与右美托咪定对大鼠直肠给药麻醉效果的综合评价

为了探讨α-氯醛糖和右美托咪定联合应用对大鼠直肠给药麻醉的效果，使用13 mg/kg的α-氯醛糖、0.6 mg/kg的右美托咪定对10只健康SD大鼠实施直肠给药麻醉，并对麻醉过程中大鼠的麻醉时间、作用效果、基本生理指标及血常规和血液生化指标进行监测，对2种麻醉药物复合使用进行综合评价。结果显示：麻醉诱导时间为(9.50±2.30)min、维持时间为(73.70±7.56)min、苏醒时间为(28.10±3.12)min,呈现出诱导和苏醒快速、维持时间长的特点。镇静、镇痛及肌松效果良好，可提供约60 min良好的麻醉作用时间。常规生理指标结果显示，大鼠麻醉全程脉搏血氧饱和度平均为(96.54±1.52)%,体温、呼吸频率和心率变化趋势均表现为先降低后升高，分别在服药后60、60和40 min降至最低值，而后逐步升高，直至监测结束(服药后240 min)。实验室检测结果显示，给药后，大鼠的血常规、肝功能及肾功能指标均在参考范围内，对其无损害。综合各部分结果表明，α-氯醛糖联合右美托咪定对大鼠进行直肠麻醉具有麻醉持续时间较长、麻醉效果良好均衡等优点，对常规生理指标干扰较明显，表现为先抑制后恢...     

野生猫科动物复合麻醉的探究

根据野生猫科动物的体重、年龄、身体状况差异和不同的手术目的等特点,选取2种或2种以上药物研制个性化的复合麻醉剂,进行联合麻醉,为科学保定野生猫科动物服务,已逐渐成为动物医学麻醉领域的重要趋势。近年来,动物学界就野生猫科动物以右美托咪啶、舒泰、异氟醚、布托啡诺等药物相互联合麻醉的研究成果不断涌现,临床数据不断丰富,为我们深入探究野生猫科动物复合麻醉方式提供了有益参考。综合近年研究成果,在野生猫科动物的疾病诊断、治疗、运输临床操作中,用舒泰50和右美托咪啶混合肌注,视情况辅以异氟醚或布托啡诺,能够确保稳定的麻醉效果,同时尽量减少用药剂量,复合麻醉具有镇痛、肌松效果良好,毒副作用减少的实际效用,具有推广意义。     

右美托咪定、利多卡因和丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉用于犬去势手术的效果研究

为了探讨右美托咪定-利多卡因-丙泊酚静脉复合静脉注射麻醉方式对接受生理性去势手术犬的镇痛效果,试验将20只临床健康犬随机分为单一丙泊酚组(P组)、右美托咪定-丙泊酚组(DP组)、利多卡因-丙泊酚组(LP组)和右美托咪定-利多卡因-丙泊酚组(DLP组),均以0.25 mg/(kg·min)的剂量静脉注射丙泊酚用于基础麻醉,然后分别经另一静脉通道分别注射生理盐水(对照)、右美托咪定[0.5μg/(kg·h)]、利多卡因[100μg/(kg·min)]、右美托咪定[0.5μg/(kg·h)]+利多卡因[100μg/(kg·min)],用于犬的维持麻醉。所有犬只均给予负荷剂量的右美托咪定(1.0μg/kg)和利多卡因(1.5 mg/kg)作为麻醉前用药,并以丙泊酚诱导和辅助机械通气。根据心率、血压变化及犬的表现来调整术中丙泊酚的用量,并麻醉维持至手术结束。记录犬麻醉前后血液学指标变化和苏醒时间,根据格拉斯哥综合疼痛评分系统(GCMPS)评价犬术后的疼痛反应,对于观察期第4小时得分大于9的犬需额外给予曲马多镇痛。结果表明:给予负荷剂量的右美托咪定和利多卡因后,犬只诱导麻醉和插管过程顺畅,可以平稳进入麻醉维持阶段,期间犬的心率稳步下降。在监测的各个时相点,随着手术刺激强度的增加,DLP组犬只的心率和血压变化较为平稳,均在临床接受范围内。维持麻醉所需的丙泊酚用量[(0.23±0.03)mg/(kg·min)]也明显减少,与其他组差异显著(P0.05)。麻醉前后,P组犬只的白细胞数、红细胞数、血红蛋白浓度、血细胞比容、二氧化碳分压变化显著(P0.05),其他组血液学指标的整体变化不显著(P0.05)。虽然DLP组犬的苏醒期延长,但苏醒过程较为平稳。此外,DLP组术后的平均疼痛评分均低于其他组,需要额外给予镇痛剂的比例也更少(P0.05)。说明右美托咪定、利多卡因联合用于持续静脉注射可以为丙泊酚静脉平衡麻醉提供安全、稳定的效果,减少丙泊酚的麻醉用量和术后止痛药的使用,适用于外科手术的麻醉。     

α-氯醛糖和右美托咪定对大鼠口服麻醉效果观察

为了探讨α-氯醛糖和右美托咪定对大鼠口服麻醉的麻醉效果，本试验用α-氯醛糖复合右美托咪定，对10只健康SD大鼠实施口服麻醉，在麻醉过程中对大鼠的基本生理指标、麻醉时期、麻醉效果进行连续监测(服药后10、20、40、60、80、100、120和240 min),以评估2种麻醉药物复合使用的有效性和安全性。结果显示，大鼠口服药物后体温持续下降，在服药后80 min体温又呈回升趋势，直至监测结束时(服药后240 min)。麻醉全程脉搏血氧饱和度平均为(94.8±0.8)%,呼吸频率和心率变化趋势均表现为先降低后升高，分别在服药后80 min和60 min降至最低值(P<0.05);麻醉时期监测结果显示，麻醉诱导时间为(16.80±2.56)min、维持时间为(124.00±9.40)min、苏醒时间为(48.80±5.36)min,呈现出诱导和苏醒平稳、维持时间长的特点；2种麻醉药物复合应用时，镇静、镇痛和肌松效果确实，可提供约120 min良好的麻醉作用时间。结果表明，α-氯醛糖联合右美托咪定对大鼠口服麻醉具有麻醉持续时间长，麻醉效果良好均衡等优点，但对常规生理指标干扰较为明显，表现...     

Complications and survival associated with surgical compared with medical management of horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Based on clinical observation, it is hypothesised that horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (DPJ) that are treated surgically have a shorter duration, smaller volume, and slower rate of nasogastric reflux (NGR) compared to horses treated medically, are more likely to develop diarrhoea than medically managed cases, and have a higher incisional infection rate than a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. OBJECTIVES: To compare: 1) duration, volume and rate of NGR and the percentage of horses with diarrhoea between medically and surgically treated DPJ cases; and 2) incisional infection rate in horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration to a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. METHODS: Medical records of cases with DPJ diagnosed 1995-2006 were reviewed. Information obtained included subject details, presenting clinical findings, treatment category (medical/surgical), complications (diarrhoea, incisional infection), and outcome (survival/nonsurvival). Data were analysed using a Chi-squared test and a mixed model analysis of variance. Level of significance was P<0.05. RESULTS: Compared to medical cases, surgical cases had significantly decreased survival, a longer duration and larger total volume of NGR, and were more likely to develop diarrhoea. The incisional infection rate for horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration was 16% compared to 7% for the sample population of horses. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of horses with DPJ did not lead to resolution of NGR faster than medical treatment. Surgical cases were more likely to develop diarrhoea and did not have a significantly higher incisional infection rate than the sample population.     

Serum triglyceride concentration in dogs with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and bromide

OBJECTIVE: To compare serum triglyceride concentrations obtained after food had been withheld (i.e., fasting concentrations) in dogs with epilepsy that had been treated long term (> or = 3 months) with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and potassium bromide with concentrations in healthy control dogs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 57 epileptic dogs that had been treated with phenobarbital (n=28) or with phenobarbital and bromide (29) and 57 healthy, untreated control dogs matched on the basis of age, breed, sex, neuter status, and body condition score. PROCEDURES: Blood samples were collected after food had been withheld for at least 12 hours, and serum biochemical and lipid concentrations were determined. Oral fat tolerance tests were performed in 15 control dogs and 9 dogs with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital alone. RESULTS: 19 of the 57 (33%) epileptic dogs had fasting serum triglyceride concentrations greater than the upper reference limit. Nine (16%) dogs had a history of pancreatitis, and 5 of the 9 had high fasting serum triglyceride concentrations at the time of the study. A significant relationship was found between body condition score and fasting serum triglyceride concentration in all dogs, but serum triglyceride concentration was not significantly associated with phenobarbital dosage or serum phenobarbital concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that dogs treated long term with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and bromide may develop hypertriglyceridemia. Fasting serum triglyceride concentration should be periodically monitored in dogs treated with phenobarbital because hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for pancreatitis.     

资源环保安全优质节约谁能一肩挑——镇江市土著菌养鸡访谈录

三月底一个风和日丽的日子,我们去镇江采访土著菌养鸡的情况。对于土著菌,我们并不佰生,因为,我们几年前就报道过镇江广电总局基地的土著菌养鸡。只是那时镇江的主要精力放在稻鸭共作的研究和推广上,这几年土著菌养鸡养猪才被越来越多的人重视起来。不但如此,镇江人又用推广稻鸭共作的热情推广起土著菌养鸡养猪来。     

Long-term treatment with carprofen of 805 dogs with osteoarthritis

The pain-relieving effect of carprofen and tolerance to the drug were investigated in 805 dogs that were lame as a result of osteoarthritis. The dogs were of different breeds, ages and bodyweights and of both sexes, and were selected from 51 veterinary clinics. Each dog was treated orally by its owner with 4 mg/kg carprofen for 84 consecutive days. Twenty-four dogs were removed from the study because of side effects, and 55 left the study for reasons unrelated to the treatment. The condition of the dogs and the benefit of the treatment were evaluated by the veterinary surgeons and the owners after 14 days, and at the end of the period of treatment, when 194 of the dogs (26.7 per cent) were no longer lame, and 357 (49.2 per cent) had improved. The period for which the dogs had been lame before entering the study significantly (P<0.01) affected the results and the rate of improvement. Too much exercise during the 84 days of treatment caused some dogs to relapse.     

Prognostic factors associated with survival in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis

Prognostic factors associated with survival in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (LPE) were investigated through a retrospective study. Using case records, 48 dogs diagnosed with LPE were classified as survivors (n = 32) or non-survivors (n = 16), and the clinical and clinicopathological parameters were reviewed between the 2 groups by using univariate and multivariate prognostic analysis. Compared to the hospital population, non-survivors had an overrepresentation of the Shiba breed. Results of univariate analysis indicated that anorexia, severe weight loss, packed cell volume, and total protein were significantly associated with survival for 6 months after diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, anorexia and hypoproteinemia were significantly associated with survival. Furthermore, initial response to treatment was strongly associated with poor prognosis. Based on these clinical and laboratory parameters such as anorexia, hypoproteinemia and initial response to treatment, it may be possible to predict poor prognosis in canine LPE.