鸡传染性支气管炎病毒Holte株S1基因在昆虫杆状病毒系统的表达及其抗原性分析

为真核表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)S1蛋白并鉴定其抗原性,本研究采用RT-PCR方法扩增出IBV Holte株S1基因,并将其克隆于昆虫杆状病毒转移载体pFastBacHT中,通过大肠杆茵中同源重组构建重组杆粒Bacmid-S1,将重组杆粒转染至Sf9细胞中,获得含S1基因的重组杆状病毒.将该重组杆状病毒感染Sf9细胞进行表达,经间接免疫荧光、SDS-PAGE和western blot鉴定结果表明:IBV Holte株的S1蛋白能够在Sf9中以可溶形式表达,蛋白大小约为64 ku,该蛋白具有天然蛋白的抗原性.本研究为生产检测IB的诊断试剂和研制新型IB重组亚单位疫苗奠定基础.     

禽传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因毕赤酵母表达载体的构建

本试验根据已公布的IBV株S1基因序列及pPIC9K表达载体序列，去掉由18个氨基酸构成的信号肽后，设计一对IBV S1基因表达片段的PCR引物，利用RT—PCR扩增得到了IBV四川分离株的S1基因片段，将该片段克隆到PMD18-T载体上，通过对所得到的重组质粒进行酶切分析、菌落PCR鉴定，证明得到了含有目的基因片段的阳性重组质粒，测序分析片段长为1566bp，已经成功切除了由18个氨基酸构成的信号肽序列。将该基因亚克隆到毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K的SnaBⅠ和NotⅠ酶切位点，并通过菌落PCR、双酶切鉴定了该重组质粒的正确性，IBV S1基因毕赤酵母表达载体的构建为进一步利用毕赤酵母表达IBV S1蛋白提供了基础材料，并对表达产物的免疫原性和禽传染性支气管炎基因亚单位疫苗及特异性诊断抗原的研究打下了基础。     

表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1蛋白重组腺病毒的构建及免疫原性的初步分析

拟构建表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)QS10株S1蛋白的重组复制缺陷型人5型腺病毒,并在本动物上进行初步的免疫学试验。通过RT-PCR获得S1基因,插入腺病毒表达系统穿梭质粒,构建重组穿梭质粒pac-Ad5CMV-S1,转染293AD细胞获得表达S1蛋白的重组腺病毒。PCR检测显示,S1基因已重组到腺病毒基因组;间接免疫荧光和Western blot检测证明该重组病毒在293AD细胞中真实表达了具有免疫反应性的IBV S1糖蛋白。重组病毒培养滴度可达到107 TCID50.mL-1。免疫接种SPF鸡后,通过ELISA检测,免疫鸡产生了针对IBV的特异性抗体。作者成功构建了表达IBV S1蛋白的重组腺病毒,该重组病毒可在SPF鸡体内诱导产生IBV特异性抗体。     

截短的传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因原核表达与分析

用RT-PCR方法扩增出传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)H120S1基因468bp的目的片段,将该片段定向克隆到pQE-30原核表达载体中,并转化到大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中;经IPTG诱导进行表达,分别对IPTG的浓度和诱导时间进行优化,对表达的重组蛋白进行纯化,用Western blot验证该蛋白的活性。结果显示,成功构建了pQE-30-S1重组菌,经IPTG诱导,得到18ku左右大小的目的蛋白,IPTG最佳诱导浓度为0.2mmol/L,最适诱导时间为4h,该蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在,Western blot显示获得的重组蛋白能够与IBV多克隆抗体特异性反应。     

抗传染性支气管炎病毒S1蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

选取传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectious bronchitis virus, IBV)M41毒株S1蛋白的重要抗原区,RT-PCR扩增选定的S1基因并构建pET-28a-S1重组表达载体,经IPTG诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE以及Western blot结果显示重组S1蛋白表达正确。以纯化的S1蛋白作为免疫原免疫Balb/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤技术制备并获得了抗IBV M41 S1蛋白的单克隆抗体3D9。免疫过氧化酶单层试验(immunoperoxidase monolayer assay, IPMA)结果显示,单克隆抗体3D9可与IBV M41毒株反应。成功表达了截短的IBV S1蛋白并获得了能识别IBV M41毒株的单克隆抗体,为IBV检测方法的建立奠定了基础。     

表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S基因的重组新城疫病毒构建

为构建以新城疫病毒(NDV)为活毒载体表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)S基因的重组病毒,本研究利用RT-PCR技术,以IBV的Massachusetts41株RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增得到IBV S基因(3534bp),将其插入到NDV感染性克隆pBRN-FL中,构建了含有IBV S基因的重组NDV cDNA克隆pBRN-FL-IBVS。利用磷酸钙转染法,在辅助质粒pBS-NP、pBS-P和pBS-L的共同作用下,将pBRN-FL-IBVS转染表达T7聚合酶重组痘病毒感染的BSR细胞,救获重组NDV(rL-IBVS)。采用RT-PCR检测接种重组病毒的鸡胚尿囊液,结果表明rL-IBVS中含有相应外源基因。IFA试验表明,rL-IBVS可与鸡抗IBV的高免血清发生特异性反应,证明S蛋白在感染的BSR细胞中得到表达。其鸡胚平均致死时间、脑内致病指数和静脉内致病指数等指标显示rL-IBVS保持了亲本疫苗株高滴度的鸡胚生长特性和低致病力特性。本研究采用反向遗传操作技术构建了表达IBV S蛋白的重组NDV,为进一步研制IBV和NDV的重组基因工程活载体疫苗奠定了基础。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因抗原区的原核表达及鉴定

本研究以鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(infectious bronchitis virus,IBV)S1基因为研究对象,设计特异性引物扩增S1抗原集中区目的基因,长度为198 bp,亚克隆至原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1,构建重组原核表达质粒pGEX-6P-1-S1,转化至宿主菌Rosetta(DE3)后进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE分析结果显示,表达获得1条特异性蛋白条带,其分子质量大小为33.0 ku,与预期蛋白大小一致。可溶性分析结果表明目的蛋白以包涵体形式存在。Western blotting结果显示,重组蛋白能与IBV鸡阳性高免血清反应,被GST标签单抗识别,结果表明该融合蛋白正确表达并具有良好的抗原性。本研究为制备IBV单克隆抗体奠定了抗原基础。     

鸡传染性支气管炎X毒株S1基因的克隆与真核表达

根据GenBank中报道的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）S1基因序列，设计了1对引物，克隆了IBV强毒株X的S1基因，基因大小为1．62kb。将其导入真核表达载体系统pIRES1neo中，表达蛋白为61000。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)ZZ2004株核衣壳蛋白基因的克隆及原核表达

本研究旨在克隆并表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）的核衣壳蛋白（N）。根据IBV ZZ2004株的N基因设计1对引物,提取IBV ZZ2004株的RNA,利用RT-PCR技术扩增大小约1.23 kb的片段,将其插入克隆载体pGEM-T构建pGEM-T-N。将pGEM-T-N用EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ进行双酶切,将酶切后的N基因片段克隆到表达载体pGEX-6P-1,转入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）菌中,经IPTG诱导表达,进行SDS-PAGE电泳,结果显示外源基因获得了表达且为可溶性蛋白;Western blotting检测结果显示N蛋白可与相应的IBV ZZ2004阳性血清发生特异性反应,结果表明N蛋白有一定的生物活性。本研究为IBV诊断试剂盒及新型IBV重组亚单位疫苗研制奠定基础。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …