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对生活在不同海拔地区的牦牛肺组织进行观察和测量,结果表明:在单位面积内,高海拔地区牦牛的肺泡数(34.62±5.15个/mm2)多于低海拔地区牦牛的肺泡数(27.19±4.37个/mm2)(P<0.01),肺泡隔厚度(3.52±0.58μm)大于低海拔牦牛(2.78±0.42μm)(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2016,(5):814-818
为了揭示成年牦牛扁桃体组织结构和黏膜免疫相关细胞的分布规律,本研究采用组织化学法、图像分析法与透射电镜技术,对牦牛扁桃体的形态特征及免疫相关组织与细胞的分布特征进行了详细的研究。结果显示,牦牛共有6个扁桃体,其基本结构主要由上皮层和固有层构成。口咽部扁桃体上皮主要由复层扁平上皮细胞组成,上皮组织结构紧密;鼻咽部扁桃体上皮主要由假复层纤毛柱状上皮细胞组成,在柱状细胞之间分布有大量的杯状细胞;二者上皮层细胞组成差异较大,厚度及上皮内淋巴细胞的数量差异极显著(P0.01)。并且,两者上皮下肥大细胞与淋巴小结的数量也差异极显著(P0.01)。电镜下,腭扁桃体与咽鼓管扁桃体上皮细胞间有大量的连接复合体,且咽鼓管扁桃体上皮细胞游离面有大量排列整齐的微绒毛。肥大细胞的胞质内聚集有许多高电子密度的颗粒。浆细胞核的周围有丰富的粗面内质网和核糖体,胞质中有黏液颗粒。结果表明,牦牛扁桃体组织结构和其他家畜基本相似,但扁桃体分布位置有所不同,且牦牛扁桃体免疫相关组织与细胞分布较丰富,其中腭扁桃体隐窝中分布有较多的杯状细胞,显示牦牛扁桃体具有更发达的黏膜免疫活性。 相似文献
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为了探讨1日龄大通牦牛骨骼肌组织学特点及对低氧的适应,以平原黄牛为对照,利用光镜和计算机图像分析系统测定骨骼肌肌纤维直径、表面积密度;通过透射电镜比较骨骼肌线粒体的面数密度、面积密度、体积密度、平均体积等结构参数。结果显示,1日龄大通牦牛骨骼肌肌纤维直径显著细于1日龄平原黄牛,表面积密度明显大于平原黄牛,差异极显著(P<0.01);1日龄大通牦牛骨骼肌细胞中线粒体平均体积小于1日龄平原黄牛,并具有极显著差异(P<0.01);而1日龄大通牦牛骨骼肌细胞中线粒体体积密度、面积密度、面数密度均大于1日龄平原黄牛,且差异极显著(P<0.01)。以上结果表明,大通牦牛通过增加骨骼肌线粒体面数密度、面积密度、体积密度,降低线粒体平均体积来提高其在低氧环境中对氧的利用,并且在长期进化中形成了肌纤维直径小,表面积密度大的组织学特点。 相似文献
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选用48头成年母牦牛,采用光镜和电镜技术对发情周期中不同时期黄体的组织结构进行了观察。结果表明,牦牛黄体主要由2种细胞组成,即颗粒黄体细胞(granulasa lutein cell,GLC)和膜黄体细胞(theca lutein cell,TLC),其特征性变化主要表现在GLC和纤维的分布。成熟黄体中GLC及其胞核的平均直径分别为36.6μm和15.2μm,而TLC则分别为14.4μm和10.9μm。黄体细胞胞质中线粒体的比例随黄体的成熟而增高;脂滴在Ⅰ期黄体时较多,Ⅱ期时减少,Ⅲ期时显著增多,后又减少;滑面内质网也随黄体的成熟而增加,并随黄体的退化发生膨胀。黄体组织中有同心圆状或同心轮状的粗面内质网膜系统。黄体细胞间主要是缝隙连接,偶见中间连接。黄体组织中存在窗孔型毛细血管. 相似文献
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牦牛发情周期子宫组织结构的观察 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
采用组织学和形态计量学的方法对发情周期牦牛子宫的组织结构及形态变化进行了观察。结果表明,牦牛子宫壁具有3层结构,分别为黏膜(子宫内膜)、肌层(子宫肌层)和浆膜(子宫外膜)。子宫内膜表面上皮和腺上皮在卵泡期为单层柱状上皮,在黄体期上皮高度明显增加,为假复层柱状上皮。表面上皮主要由分泌细胞及少量淋巴细胞组成。分泌细胞可分为亮细胞和暗细胞2种。亮细胞呈柱状,细胞体积较大,胞质弱嗜酸性;暗细胞呈两侧压扁的细条状,胞质强嗜酸性。腺上皮的细胞组成与表面上皮相似。PAS反应可见黄体期子宫内膜表面上皮、腺上皮和基质中阳性分泌颗粒较卵泡期的多。卵泡期固有层内偶见嵌套腺管、扩张腺管和弥散淋巴组织,但黄体期固有层内仅偶见嵌套腺管。此外,与卵泡期相比,黄体期子宫内膜和子宫肌层的厚度显著增加(P0.01)。黄体期子宫内膜腺管的平均直径、单个腺管的面积和周长、每平方毫米内腺管的总面积和总周长都较卵泡期的大,差异极显著(P0.01),而每平方毫米内腺管的数量差异并不显著(P0.05)。可见,牦牛子宫的组织结构在发情周期发生着有规律的变化。 相似文献
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G R Ruth 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1986,2(1):119-127
This article presents a brief overview of some examination techniques commonly used during necropsy of adult cattle. A few common diseases and their typical lesions are described and appropriate laboratory techniques to confirm or help deny the roles of specific agents are mentioned. 相似文献
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Chandler KJ Barrett DC Thomson H McNeil PE Fitzpatrick JL 《The Veterinary record》2001,149(5):144-147
A two-and-a-half-year-old Friesian cow and a five-year-old Charolais cow developed severe respiratory distress and palpable swellings to the left of the larynx as a result of a dissecting aneurysm of the common carotid artery. Neither cow responded to medical treatment. The underlying pathogenesis of the condition was uncertain, but direct trauma to the carotid artery was a possible contributory factor. Aneurysms of the common carotid artery should be considered when swelling occurs in the region of the larynx or when respiratory distress is due to laryngeal compression. 相似文献
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B S Matharu 《The Indian veterinary journal》1968,45(10):838-846
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Baldi F Alencar MM Albuquerque LG 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2010,127(6):433-441
The objective of this work was to estimate covariance functions using random regression models on B-splines functions of animal age, for weights from birth to adult age in Canchim cattle. Data comprised 49,011 records on 2435 females. The model of analysis included fixed effects of contemporary groups, age of dam as quadratic covariable and the population mean trend taken into account by a cubic regression on orthogonal polynomials of animal age. Residual variances were modelled through a step function with four classes. The direct and maternal additive genetic effects, and animal and maternal permanent environmental effects were included as random effects in the model. A total of seventeen analyses, considering linear, quadratic and cubic B-splines functions and up to seven knots, were carried out. B-spline functions of the same order were considered for all random effects. Random regression models on B-splines functions were compared to a random regression model on Legendre polynomials and with a multitrait model. Results from different models of analyses were compared using the REML form of the Akaike Information criterion and Schwarz' Bayesian Information criterion. In addition, the variance components and genetic parameters estimated for each random regression model were also used as criteria to choose the most adequate model to describe the covariance structure of the data. A model fitting quadratic B-splines, with four knots or three segments for direct additive genetic effect and animal permanent environmental effect and two knots for maternal additive genetic effect and maternal permanent environmental effect, was the most adequate to describe the covariance structure of the data. Random regression models using B-spline functions as base functions fitted the data better than Legendre polynomials, especially at mature ages, but higher number of parameters need to be estimated with B-splines functions. 相似文献
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牦牛、犏牛及黄牛肉脂肪酸和风味物质的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随机选取青海省果洛州同一放牧群体的1.5岁牦牛(♂)和犏牛(♂)各3头,与青海省湟中县1.5岁的3头黄牛(♂)做比较研究,利用气质联用仪对牦牛、犏牛和黄牛肉中脂肪酸组成及含量进行分析,利用高效液相色谱法对其肉中的肌苷、肌苷酸和硫胺素进行测定,采用高氯酸滴定法测定其肉中谷氨酸钠的含量。结果表明:①牦牛、犏牛和黄牛肉中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的含量无显著差异(P〉0.05);多不饱和脂肪酸在犏牛肉中含量最高,明显高于牦牛和黄牛肉(P〉0.05)。②牦牛肉肌苷的含量明显高于同龄黄牛(P〈0.05);三种牛肉中肌苷酸的含量无显著差异(P〉0.05);犏牛肉硫胺素的含量最高,明显高于同龄黄牛(P〈0.05);犏牛与黄牛肉谷氨酸钠的含量明显高于同龄牦牛(P〉0.05)。 相似文献
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David E Anderson Jennifer M Ivany Ewoldt 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2005,21(1):133-154
Surgical disorders of the gastrointestinal tract of cattle occur occasionally, and veterinarians are challenged to determine an accurate diagnosis and treatment for these conditions. Although surgical diseases most commonly occur in the forestomachs (dislocated abomasum, reticuloperitonitis) and the colons (cecal dilation), this article focuses n lesions in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum). 相似文献