中草药对大肠埃希氏菌的抑菌试验

笔者将采于梵净山地区的二十四种中草药作大肠埃希氏攻的抑菌试验,发现“红花酢浆草”抑菌作用较强。     

放线杆菌血清抗体与阿米卡星偶联物靶向性研究

为了探讨偶联物的靶向性,对偶联物进行间接免疫荧光及免疫电镜检测。间接ELISA检测表明:二者的偶联对抗体的抗原性没有影响;免疫荧光及免疫电镜显示偶联物具有猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线菌特异性靶向性。偶联物与猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线菌菌液混合3min后,偶联物能与猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线菌作用;偶联物与猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线菌菌液混合7min后,偶联物能进入猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线菌菌体内。     

中药对鸡致病性大肠埃希菌的体外抑菌试验

为研究25种中药对秦皇岛地区鸡致病性大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)地方流行株QH1(O78)、QH2(O89)、QH4(O1)的体外抑菌效果,以E.coli标准株ATCC25922作为质控菌株。利用水提法制备中药药液,使终浓度为1g/mL;用平板琼脂打孔法和改良微量二倍稀释-平板法分别测定25种中药的抑菌圈直径和最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明,金银花、黄连、乌梅、五味子4种中药对鸡致病性E.coli地方株极度敏感,抑菌圈直径在20.3mm~22.7mm之间,其MIC在15.65mg/mL~31.25mg/mL之间;其他药物对鸡致病性E.coli地方株有不同程度的敏感性,为鸡致病性E.coli地方株中药防治提供理论基础。     

东北地区鸡源大肠埃希菌耐药性试验

为了选择敏感药物以避免抗药性的产生,选用新霉素、头孢噻肟钠、甲磺酸培氟沙星等8种抗菌药对东北地区主要养鸡场分离出的优势血清型致病性大肠埃希菌进行药敏试验.结果8种抗菌药的抑菌圈直径分别是氟苯尼考30 mm,头孢噻污钠28 mm,新霉素27 mm,甲磺酸培氟沙星21 mm,丁胺卡那25 mm ,磷霉素钙19 mm,庆大霉素6 mm,阿莫西林15 mm.根据药物敏感试验结果表明,抑菌作用较强的为氟苯尼考、头孢噻肟钠和新霉素.     

牦牛大肠埃希氏菌的肠毒素试验

从自然病死牦牛体内分离出3株大肠埃希氏,用改良Mundell产毒液体培养基分别培养,培养物经高速离心,过滤,使用滤液做兔回肠结扎试验,乳鼠灌胃试验和大鼠回肠环袢试验.结果表明3株大肠埃希氏菌均产生肠毒素,阐明了牦牛腹泻的病因.     

大肠埃希菌耐药机制研究进展

长期以来,人们对大肠埃希菌病的防治以药物控制为主要手段,但是随着抗菌药的长期大量使用,导致了大肠埃希菌耐药性的产生,给大肠埃希菌病的防治带来严重的障碍,通过对大肠埃希菌耐药性的现状、作用机理、主要特点、对人类的危害和防治策略等方面的研究,进一步提出对大肠埃希菌耐药性的展望,为消除大肠埃希菌的耐药性,更好地防治大肠埃希菌病提供科学依据。     

鹅大肠埃希菌病的诊治

大肠埃希菌病是一种禽类的高发性疾病.2005年9月,吉林大学动物医院对吉林农安县发病鹅进行诊断,综合临床症状观察、病理剖检和实验室检查,确诊为大肠埃希菌病,经治疗,有效的控制了疫情.     

鸡大肠埃希菌与沙门菌混合感染的病原分离鉴定及药敏试验

对武汉市某鸡场送检的病鸡进行病理剖检,病理组织切片观察,并从病鸡的肝脏和心脏中分离得到两株细菌,依次进行分离纯化培养、镜检、生化鉴定及鸡白痢鸡伤寒玻片凝集试验,确定一株为大肠埃希菌,另一株为沙门菌.通过进行小鼠感染试验,表明所分离的两株细菌均有致病力.通过药敏试验分析它们对卡那霉素、恩诺沙星、利福平、庆大霉素、氟哌酸、...     

抗仔猪大肠埃希菌病高免卵黄抗体粉的研制

选用陕西部分地区规模化猪场分离的大肠埃希菌,通过营养琼脂增菌培养,制成油佐剂灭活疫苗免疫非免大肠埃希菌疫苗的健康蛋鸡,用微量凝集试验检测蛋鸡抗体水平,当抗体水平达8 log2以上时收取鸡蛋,分离卵黄用喷雾干燥机140 ℃进气、72 ℃出气,喷雾干燥成粉.选择未经过大肠埃希菌疫苗免疫母猪所产的新生健康仔猪50头分5组,按1、2、3、4 g/头每天饲喂进行预防试验.预防试验结果表明,2 g/头以上剂量饲喂制备的高免卵黄抗体粉能有效预防仔猪大肠埃希菌病.治疗试验结果表明,高免卵黄抗体粉对人工感染病例治愈率为90%,而应用庆大霉素的治愈率仅为50%.     

秃鹫大肠埃希菌病的诊治

山西省某动物因秃鹫连续发病、死亡,使用多种抗菌药物治疗无效,死亡率高达83.3%.根据临床症状、病理变化、病原分离、生化试验、动物试验、药敏试验等诊断其为大肠埃希菌病,并分析了发生该病的原因.     

抗生素体外及体内抑菌效应检测的实验综述报告

本实验通过抗生素在体外和体内抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长实验阐述了其实验目的、实验原理、实验步骤以及数据处理和实验注意事项。此外,梯度稀释法、纸片法以及稀释涂平板等基础的实验操作是从事微生物科学研究的初级工作人员必须掌握的实验技能。     

阿米卡星与甲氧苄啶的体外联合抑菌研究

为了检测阿米卡星与甲氧苄啶联合用药产生的作用,本试验进行了阿米卡星与甲氧苄氨嘧啶联用的体外抑菌试验。试验菌株为临床分离的猪源致病菌,包括大肠杆菌19株、巴氏杆菌17株和沙门氏菌19株。首先用微量稀释法测定两种药对3种55株病原菌的最小抑菌浓度,根据其最小抑菌浓度值,再用棋盘稀释法测定其FIC指数,判断联合药敏效果。结果表明,在55株细菌对两种药联合药敏试验中,呈协同作用的占72.7%,相加作用的占12.7%,无关作用的占14.6%,无拮抗作用。联合药敏试验中大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌和沙门氏菌的平均FIC指数分别为0.75、0.43和0.37,均小于1,说明阿米卡星和甲氧苄啶联用有较好的协同作用。     

硫酸丁胺卡那霉素溶液对鸡大肠杆菌病的临床疗效试验

<正>鸡大肠杆菌病是由致病性大肠杆菌引起的一种常见多发病,其中包括大肠杆菌性腹膜炎、输卵管炎、脐炎、滑膜炎、气囊炎、肉芽肿、眼炎等多种疾病,对养鸡业危害较大。各种年龄的鸡均可感染大肠杆菌病,但受到饲养管理水平、环境卫生、防治措施、有无继发其它疫病等因素的影响,使该病的发病率和死亡率有较大差异。     

阿莫西林与硫酸粘菌素联合抗菌活性的研究

近年来,我国兽医临床畜禽疾病多呈混合感染或继发感染,导致现有单一抗感染药物无法控制多种病原体混合感染的局面,因此,联合用药已成为克     

白毛藤多糖的提取及体外抑菌试验

白毛藤,又名白英(Solanum lyratum Thumb.)、毛风藤、毛葫芦、毛秀才,系茄科植物白英全草.白毛藤具有清热利湿、解毒、消肿、抗癌等功能[1],对细菌和病毒具有较强的抑制作用,并且能增强动物机体非特异性免疫功能.白毛藤以其独特的药理作用越来越受到人们的关注.尽管对白毛藤各组分的研究已作了大量的工作,但对白毛藤多糖的报道却并不多.本实验对白毛藤多糖进行了提取,并进行了体外抑菌实验,为进一步开发天然抗菌药物提供了理论依据.     

八味中药提取物的体外抑菌试验

随着抗生素类药物的不断被发现和在临床上的滥用,细菌以及其他微生物的抗药性问题日趋严重,给临床治疗带来了一定的困难.     

Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and in vitro antibacterial activity of rifampin in the horse

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of rifampin were determined after IV (10 mg/kg of body weight) and intragastric (20 mg/kg of body weight) administration to 6 healthy, adult horses. After IV administration, the disposition kinetics of rifampin were best described by a 2-compartment open model. A rapid distribution phase was followed by a slower elimination phase, with a half-life (t1/2[beta]) of 7.27 +/- 1.11 hours. The mean body clearance was 1.49 +/- 0.41 ml/min.kg, and the mean volume of distribution was 932 +/- 292 ml/kg, indicating that rifampin was widely distributed in the body. After intragastric administration of rifampin in aqueous suspension, a brief lag period (0.31 +/- 0.09 hour) was followed by rapid, but incomplete, absorption (t1/2[a] = 0.51 +/- 0.32 hour) and slow elimination (t1/2[d] = 11.50 +/- 1.55 hours). The mean bioavailability (fractional absorption) of the administered dose during the first 24 hours was 53.94 +/- 18.90%, and we estimated that 70.0 +/- 23.6% of the drug would eventually be absorbed. The mean peak plasma rifampin concentration was 13.25 +/- 2.70 micrograms/ml at 2.5 +/- 1.6 hours after dosing. All 6 horses had plasma rifampin concentrations greater than 2 micrograms/ml by 45 minutes after dosing; concentrations greater than 3 micrograms/ml persisted for at least 24 hours. Mean plasma rifampin concentrations at 12 and 24 hours after dosing were 6.86 +/- 1.69 micrograms/ml and 3.83 +/- 0.87 micrograms/ml, respectively. We tested 162 isolates of 16 bacterial species cultured from clinically ill horses for susceptibility to rifampin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

In vitro elution of gentamicin, amikacin, and ceftiofur from polymethylmethacrylate and hydroxyapatite cement

OBJECTIVE: To compare the elution characteristics of ceftiofur and liquid and powdered gentamicin and amikacin from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and from hydroxyapatite cement (HAC). METHODS: PMMA and HAC beads in triplicate were impregnated with various amounts and formulations of antibiotics. Beads were immersed in 5 mL of phosphate buffered saline that was replaced at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours, and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, and 30 days. The eluent was stored at -70 degrees C until assayed within 2 weeks by microbiological assay (gentamicin and amikacin) or capillary electrophoresis (ceftiofur). RESULTS: Rate of elution for all beads was greatest within the first 24 hours. Cumulative release of total antibiotic dose from beads over 30 days was significantly greater from HAC than PMMA. Antibiotic elution was directly related to the amount of antibiotic incorporated into the cement. Powdered and liquid forms of gentamicin had similar elution rates from PMMA. Elution of amikacin from PMMA beads was greater when the powdered form was used compared with liquid amikacin. Eluent concentrations of ceftiofur were similar to those of the aminoglycosides during the first 3 to 7 days but then decreased precipitously by comparison. CONCLUSIONS: Elution of antibiotics from HAC was greater than from PMMA. Gentamicin- and amikacin-impregnated PMMA and HAC released bactericidal concentrations of antibiotic for at least 30 days. Ceftiofur-impregnated PMMA or HAC is unlikely to provide long-term bactericidal concentrations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Gentamicin and amikacin elute effectively from PMMA and HAC.     

白毛藤生物碱的提取及体外抗菌活性研究

白毛藤又名白英(Solanum Lyratum Thunb),系茄科植物白英的全草,广泛分布于我国的江苏、江西、浙江、安徽、湖南等省,资源非常丰富.白毛藤全草均可入药,干燥全草作为传统中药已有2000多年的历史,具有清热利湿、解毒消肿之功效[1].在白毛藤的众多化学成分中,具有明显生物活性和生理功能的是β-羟基甾体生物碱,主要为α-苦茄碱、蜀羊泉碱、番茄烯胺、澳茄胺[2],这些生物碱均与抗菌、抗病毒有关.白毛藤中总生物碱的提取,目前国内未见报道.笔者用乙醇回流法提取了白毛藤中的生物碱,并对生物碱进行了体外抗菌活性的研究,为进一步开发天然抗菌药物提供依据.