鸡痛风的组织病理学观察

对江苏某蛋鸡养殖场发生内脏型痛风的病鸡进行病理学观察,结果显示,患鸡内脏器官表面沉着了大量白色石灰状尿酸盐,肾脏、肝脏和脾脏切面上可见密布的白色结节;内脏器官的组织切片内可见痛风结节,但以肾脏病理变化较重;此外,在不同组织的大血管壁周围可见大量尿酸盐沉积,暗示尿酸盐沉积可影响机体的血液循环,促进病鸡的发病死亡。     

鸡的营养与肾功能障碍

在尿石症暴发时,新母鸡和产蛋鸡不出现任何外部症状而突然死亡,鸡群的总死亡率在2～50％之间。患鸡有下列肾脏病变中的一部分或全部:部分肾脏或整个肾脏萎缩(变性),肾组织局灶性矿物化,肾脏结石,肾脏未损伤部分代偿性肥大。用手指经泄殖腔触诊有可能发现活鸡的输尿管大型结石。其他器官没有固定的损伤,而肾脏有相当损伤的母鸡仍可能保持高产蛋率。由于尿石症鸡的肾脏受损伤,含氮废物(尿酸和尿酸盐)在体内积聚,在脏器上形成白色沉积物。这种病症称为内脏痛风或内脏尿酸盐沉着,是家禽肾衰竭的非特异性症状。所有死于尿石症的鸡都会发生内脏痛风,但其他原因引起的肾脏损伤也可导致内脏痛风。当发现内脏痛风时,家禽病理学家必须仔细检查肾脏有无尿石症的其他重要病变。     

鸡痛风症的发生原因及其防治

痛风是由于鸡体内蛋白质代谢发生障碍所引起的疾病,其特征是在内脏中(内脏型痛风)或关节中(关节型痛风)均有尿酸盐沉淀。仔鸡、育成鸡和成鸡都能发生。 1.发病原因:本病发生的原因比较复杂,不仅与鸡的日粮有关,而且与鸡的肾脏机能障碍有关。长期     

中西医结合治疗鸡痛风症和新城疫感染

鸡痛风症也称尿酸盐沉积症，它是一种由于蛋白质代谢障碍，体内尿酸生成过多或体内尿酸生成并不多而肾脏排泄机能发生障碍，导致尿酸在血液中含量过高，尿酸盐沉积在内脏（尤其肾脏）、输尿管、关节腔、软骨组织和其他间质组织的尿酸代谢与排泄障碍症。临床上分为内脏痛风和关节痛风两种。此症在养鸡生产中较为常见，患鸡不仅生长受阻，生产性能降低，且可造成大批死亡，对养鸡业威胁严重。     

全玉米替代法治疗家禽痛风症

鸡痛风症是一种由于蛋白质代谢障碍,导致尿酸在血液中含量过高,尿酸盐沉积在内脏(尤其肾脏)、输尿管、关节腔、软骨组织和其它间质组织的尿酸代谢与排泄障碍症.     

禽痛风研究进展

禽痛风很早就有研究报道,但至今未被完全了解。1901年,Banners 将禽痛风分为关节型和内脏型两种,并认为禽内脏型痛风类似于人的尿毒症(Uremia),首次将禽痛风与肾脏功能障碍联系起来。之后,许多研究者除进一步证实禽内脏型痛风与肾脏功能损伤有密切关系外,认为关节型痛风亦是由于肾脏功能损伤所致。在国外的文献中常     

鸡肾病综合症的病因及防治

鸡肾病综合征是由多种病因引起的肾脏机能障碍的总称,包括肾结石、肾炎、痛风症、输尿管结石和尿毒症等。主要表现为肾脏肿大、苍白,肾小管和输尿管出现尿酸盐沉积,严重者引起肾结石和内脏型、关节型痛风。患鸡生长受阻,生产性能降低,常出现大量死亡。     

霉变饲料引起难内脏痛风的病理学研究

为了探讨鸡内脏痛风的发生机制，我们采用微生物学技术和病理解剖学技术对自然发病的病、死鸡进行了病因、发生发展规律和病理变化研究，结果表明，高蛋白和霉变饲料是引起鸡痛风病发生的一个重要原因，鸡内脏痛风的主要病变在肾脏，即在肾脏受损的基础上引起尿酸盐代谢障碍，导致尿酸盐在体内含量增高，并沉积于各器官组织内引起一系列变化。     

霉变饲料引起鸡内脏痛风的病理学研究

为了探讨鸡内脏痛风的发生机制，我们采用微生物学技术和病理解剖学技术对自然发病的病、死鸡进行了病因、发生发展规律和病理变化研究，结果表明，高蛋白和霉变饲料是引起鸡痛风病发生的一个重要原因，鸡内脏痛风的主要病变在肾脏，即在肾脏受损的基础上引起尿酸盐代谢障碍，导致尿酸盐在体内含量增高，并沉积于各器官组织内引起一系列变化。     

鸡痛风发生的生理生化机制及防制措施

禽痛风是由于血液尿酸水平增高,导致尿酸(或尿酸盐)在内脏、关节和其他间质组织中沉积的一种常见疾病,主要发生于鸡、火鸡、水禽等。该病多呈慢性经过,患禽表现为精神萎顿,食欲减退,羽毛松乱或脱毛,冠苍白,不自主排白色尿酸盐尿。剖检多见内脏表面散布有尖屑状或絮状的白色尿酸盐结晶,肝脏肿大、质脆,肾脏肿胀、色泽变淡,输尿管扩张,管腔内充满尿酸盐结晶(内脏型痛风);若症状表现在运动器官,则病鸡跛行,不能站立,腿和翅关节肿胀,切开有白色的浓稠液体流出,内含大量尿酸盐结晶,关节面有坏死及溃疡(关节型痛风)。     

雏鸡痛风的原因及防治

家禽痛风是由于家禽体内核蛋白代谢发生障碍、尿酸形成过多并在体内蓄积的一种代谢性疾病。作者对雏鸡痛风发生的原因、临床症状、剖检变化和实验室检查、防治方法等进行综述。     

高钙,低磷饲料致鸡痛风的病理学研究

用200只21日龄海赛克斯×罗斯杂交商品代鸡,按钙、磷2×2因子设计进行高钙、低磷饲料人工诱发痛风试验。采用病理形态学及血液生化测定方法进行了十三周的试验观察。结果表明,高钙低磷、高钙正磷饲料能引起鸡痛风。尿酸盐沉积形式有内脏性尿酸盐沉积和尿石症。高钙起主导作用,低磷可以促进其发生。痛风发生的原发性损伤部位及病变最严重的器官是肾脏。饲料高钙导致的高钙血症、低磷血症及代谢性碱中毒,通过改变尿液环境而引起尿石症的发生。高钙所致的肾小管原发性损伤和继发于尿石症的损害共同导致鸡肾功能衰竭,而形成高尿酸血症,并出现内脏性尿酸盐沉积。     

一起鸡马立克氏病的诊断

2009年初,河南省某父母代肉种鸡场15周龄左右鸡出现疑似马立克氏病,患病鸡消瘦,鸡冠苍白,干缩,精神沉郁。剖检病理变化为肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏和心脏显著肿大,并有大小不等的灰白色结节;腺胃肿大,呈圆球状;胃壁增厚,胃黏膜有出血和溃疡灶。组织学病理变化为心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、腺胃、法氏囊、胸腺等组织中大量多形态肿瘤细胞呈弥散性浸润或灶状聚集,正常组织结构遭到破坏。琼脂扩散试验结果表明,马立克氏病呈阳性反应。根据临床症状、病理剖检、组织学病理变化和琼脂扩散试验结果,确诊该场发生的疾病是内脏型马立克氏病。     

Isolation,Identification and Complete Genomic Sequence Analysis of Goose Astrovirus

From October 2017 to May 2019, 67 samples of typical goslings gout were collected from Guangdong, Sichuan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Liaoning provinces and other vast goose-raising areas in China. The results showed that goose astrovirus was detected in all samples and about 94.03% of the samples were infected by two different kinds of goose astrovirus. The pathogenicity of goose astrovirus FLX variant strain (named SCCD) which could stably proliferate in goose embryos and kill 10-day-old goose embryos was more virulent than goose astrovirus FLX strain. The new type of goose astrovirus strain (named SDPD) could't stably proliferate in goose embryos and SPF chicken embryos. The whole genome nucleotides homology of goose astrovirus FLX strain with goose astrovirus SCCD strain and the new type goose astrovirus SDPD strain were 89.7% and 58.1%, the amino acids homology of ORF1b gene were 98.4% and 61.0%, the amino acids homology of ORF2 gene were 81.0% and 42.5%, respectively. The newly isolated goose astrovirus strains were inoculated into 1-day-old healthy goslings, the results showed that although the goose astrovirus SCCD strain and the new type goose astrovirus SDPD strain could cause the death of goslings and the changes of hepatitis, kidney swelling and weight loss, none of the goslings showed typical gout characteristics (urate deposition in the organs of the body), however, 44% of goslings were characterized with typical gout which was consistent with the symptoms of natural disease after coinfected by the two goose astrovirus strains. Therefore, the pathogenic agents of goslings gout may be two different kinds of goose astrovirus, namely the new type of goose astrovirus and the variant of goose astrovirus FLX.     

鹅星状病毒的分离鉴定及全基因组序列分析

2017年10月—2019年5月,本实验室从广东、四川、河北、山东、安徽、辽宁等广大养鹅地区采集了67份典型雏鹅痛风样品进行了实验室检测以及病原的分离鉴定,检测结果表明：所有样品中均检测到了鹅星状病毒,并且约有94.03%的样品为两个不同种的鹅星状病毒混合感染。病原分离结果表明：鹅星状病毒FLX株的变异株病毒（命名为SCCD）可以在鹅胚上稳定增殖,并且能稳定致死10日龄鹅胚,致病力较鹅星状病毒FLX增强;新型鹅星状病毒株（命名为SDPD）不能在鹅胚和SPF鸡胚上稳定增殖。病毒的基因组测序结果表明：鹅星状病毒FLX株与鹅星状病毒FLX的变异株病毒SCCD株、新型鹅星状病毒SDPD株全基因组核苷酸相似性分别为89.7%、58.1%,ORF1b基因氨基酸相似性分别为98.4%、61.0%,ORF2基因氨基酸相似性分别为81.0%、42.5%。将新分离的鹅星状病毒株接种1日龄健康雏鹅,结果表明,鹅星状病毒SCCD株和鹅星状病毒SDPD株虽然能使雏鹅发生死亡,引起肝炎、肾肿胀和增重减少等变化,但雏鹅均无典型痛风（脏器尿酸盐沉积）表现,而两种鹅星状病毒株混合攻毒能使44%的雏鹅发生典型痛风,并与临床发病症状一致。因此,临床上引起雏鹅痛风的病原可能是两种鹅星状病毒,即新型鹅星状病毒和鹅星状病毒FLX的变异株病毒。     

Urinary tract cryptosporidiosis in commercial laying hens

Formalin-fixed kidney tissues from adult egg-laying chickens in two houses of an egg-production complex in the upper Midwest were submitted to Iowa State University for histopathologic examination. An increased incidence of visceral gout, average daily mortality 1%-2% higher than expected, and egg production within normal limits were observed in both houses. Numerous developing stages of Cryptosporidium were observed on the apical surface of epithelial cells lining renal collecting tubules and ureters. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to visualize colonization of cryptosporidia, disruption of microvilli, and exfoliation of parasitized epithelial cells. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the wall of ureters and hyperplasia of parasitized epithelial cells resulted in partial obstruction of ureters, which may have induced visceral gout in affected hens. This is the first report of urinary tract cryptosporidiosis occurring in adult hens in a modern commercial egg-production facility.     

Epizootiology, pathology, and microbiology of an outbreak of urolithiasis in chickens

An outbreak of urolithiasis that doubled the annual mortality rate of chickens in a large flock of table-egg-layers is described. Despite the presence of a large unilateral urolith and/or severe renal atrophy, the layers often maintained active egg production and apparent homeostasis until a small urolith blocked the ureteral flow from the contralateral kidney. This terminal episode appeared to produce acute obstructive renal failure, rapidly developing visceral gout (visceral urate deposition), uremia, and death. The atrophy observed appeared to be acquired and progressive. Histologic features in the kidneys were acute to chronic glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis. Epizootiologic and microbiologic studies indicated that a combination of infectious and noninfectious mechanisms may have been involved. Causative roles for calcium-phosphate imbalance, infectious bronchitis (IB), Newcastle disease (ND), and adenovirus or reovirus infections could be neither excluded nor confirmed. Contributory factors may have been spray ND-IB and other vaccinations of 15-week-old ND-IB-susceptible pullets, water deprivation, shipping stress, Mycoplasma synoviae infection, immune complex disease, and mycotoxins.     

湘黄鸡马立克氏病(MD)的研究初报

湘黄鸡马立克氏病(删)的发病型以内脏型为主，其次为神经型，眼型和皮肤型的发生率较低。剖检时内脏肿瘤的检出率为35.71%，肿瘤病变多发的器官以肝、脾发生最多，心、卵巢较少，其它脏器发生更少。     

草鸡源H9亚型禽流感病毒的分离与鉴定

2010年4月,安徽省某草鸡养殖场发生一起以严重呼吸困难、急性死亡为特征的病例。取发病典型的鸡内脏,按常规方法处理后,接种10日龄SPF鸡胚,经有限稀释法纯化,获得一株病毒,通过HA、HI、分子生物学以及动物回归等试验,最终确诊该病为H9亚型禽流感。     

高钙与高蛋白日粮诱发鸡痛风

将120只35日龄健康蛋仔鸡随机分为3组：对照组饲喂基础日粮，高钙组(HC)在饲喂基础日粮的同时添加石粉(含钙3．80％)，高钙高蛋白组(HCHP)在饲喂基础日粮的同时添加石粉和豆粕(含钙3．55％，粗蛋白24．58％)，进行30d的饲养试验。结果显示：HC组鸡出现普遍的肾脏损害，但未见尿酸盐在内脏器官的沉积；HCHP组鸡出现尿酸盐在内脏器官表面广泛沉积，发生典型的内脏型痛风。与对照组相比，HC组血清无机磷和钾显著降低，血清尿酸和钠显著升高；HCHP组血清尿酸极显著升高，血清钙显著升高；HC和HCHP组尿液中钠及钾浓度均显著降低，无机磷浓度均显著升高；HC组24h尿液中镁排出量显著升高，HCHP组24h尿液中镁与钾排出量显著升高，HC和HCHP组24h尿液中尿酸、钙和无机磷排出量极显著升高，而钠排出量极显著降低。