南美白对虾工厂化养殖技术研究

为了进一步探索南美白对虾养殖模式,提高养殖技术,使单位水体发挥最大的生产效率,促进黄河三角洲地区南美白对虾工厂化养殖的持续发展,我们在东营市海星浅海养殖有限责任公司进行了南美白对虾工厂化养殖技术研究,养殖面积4200m^2,共产对虾19576kg,平均每平方米产虾4．7kg,实现产值539834元,获利税282650元。现将项目实施情况总结如下。     

南美白对虾养殖技术之一南美白对虾健康高效养殖技术

为了深入探索南美白对虾健康高效养殖模式,提高养殖经济效益,我们在引进广东等地区高位池对虾高产养殖模式的基础上,在温岭市绿珍水产养殖场进行了南美白对虾健康高效养殖试验,取得了良好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,平均亩产939kg,亩净利润9017元.     

南美白对虾的工厂化养殖试验

我们于２０００年在北海市郊的鲍鱼养殖基地进行了南美白对虾的工厂化养殖实验，希望探索出一种新的对虾健康养殖模式，以推动本地区的对虾养殖业向集约化、科技化、高效益的方向发展。我们根据南美白对虾在养殖水体中立体分布的特点，采取分级养殖、控制水温、机械增氧、科学投饵及病害防治等措施。在总水体面积为８００ｍ２的４０个水泥池中进行养殖，经过１３０天饲养，共产南美白对虾 １１５５ｋｇ，平均每立方水体产虾 １．６ｋｇ。 一、试验条件 １．试验池条件：试验地点在北海市冠头岭鲍鱼养殖基地，选用第一和第二车间，每个车间均…     

罗非鱼池塘套养南美白对虾生态养殖试验

为了探索一种适合在咸淡水资源丰富地区发展的生态养殖模式,在广西防城港市利用河海交汇处的高位池进行了大规格罗非鱼池塘套养南美白对虾的试验.结果显示:南美白对虾平均单产220 kg/亩,罗非鱼平均单产670 kg/亩,平均利润达5550元/亩.试验结果表明:罗非鱼养殖池套养南美白对虾可充分利用养殖水体的空间,降低对虾的养殖成本,有效控制虾病的发生和传染,提高养殖经济效益.     

南美白对虾温棚养殖关键技术

<正>近两年来,唐山市丰南区的南美白对虾温棚养殖在较快发展的同时,也出现了许多值得注意的养殖技术问题,针对这些情况,我们根据丰南区温棚养殖南美白对虾现状,结合生产实践,对出现的问题进行案例分析,总结出南美白对虾温棚养殖关键技术,现介绍如下,供参考。1优化对虾苗种品质,投放对虾一代苗种放养健康南美白对虾一代苗苗种,是温棚养殖成功的关键因素之一。对虾一代苗种具有规格     

温棚双茬养殖南美白对虾水质调控技术

正温棚养殖南美白对虾与外塘养殖相比,因养殖环境封闭、水体较小、养殖密度高,与外塘养殖相比具有不同的水质变化特点,因此,温棚养殖南美白对虾水质调控工作的好坏直接关系到对虾养殖的成败,笔者结合唐山市丰南区近两年温棚对虾养殖实际情况,针对温棚对虾养殖中水质调控总结如下。1温棚养殖南美白对虾水质变化的主要特点养殖水体环境相对稳定。一方面养殖水体温差减少,避免了养殖前期虾苗冻伤情况,养殖期为     

南美白对虾养殖试验

<正> 南美白对虾形状近似中国对虾,壳薄体肥,肉质鲜美,具有生长快,抗病力强,对盐度适应范围广,可活虾运输等特点。为探索适应乐亭县对虾养殖名优品种,2000年我们在董庄育苗室对原虾池进行技术改造后开展了南美白对虾养殖实验,养殖实验池面积4hm~2,总产对虾6000kg,平均单产100kg/667m~2,获总产值36万元,总效益18万元。现将养殖试验情况总结如下:     

南美白对虾养殖技术之二:南美白对虾跑道式养殖模式

随着南美白对虾养殖规模的不断扩大和养殖技术的不断提高,南美白对虾养殖业已成为我国沿海经济的主要支柱产业,各种养殖方法和养殖模式不断涌现.广西海洋研究所以德国Mega Fisch公司商业化对虾生产装置为基础进行本土化改造,研制了经济适用型的跑道式养殖装置系统.笔者于2004年4月～8月对该养殖系统的对虾养殖池进行一茬南美白对虾养殖试验,取得了较好的经济效果,并初步建立了南美白对虾的高产养殖模式.     

淡水养殖南美白对虾初探

<正> 南美白对虾又称白虾、白对虾、万氏对虾、凡纳对虾,是当今国际上公认最有养殖前途的优良虾种之一。和中国对虾、斑节对虾并称世界三大高产虾种。为充分开发利用我市淡水资源优势,根据南美白对虾广盐性等特点,去年我们在我市首次进行了纯淡水养殖白对虾试验,并获得了成功。     

南美白对虾环流式工厂化兑水养殖试验

为了探索南美白对虾集约化养殖技术,我们于2002年进行了南美白对虾环流式工厂化兑水养殖试验。经过129天养殖,对虾平均规格达11.6 cm,平均亩产量1338.75 kg,现报告如下:     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

浅谈船舶干舷的作用

近几年．在唐山沿海发生的渔船海难、海损事故经统计表明呈增多趋势。这与出海作业渔民的安全意识不强有很大关系．渔民为了挣取更多的效益,在海上,超抗风浪等级作业且人为地增加船的不规范载荷．造成船的储备浮力损失,酿成恶果。笔者认为．在渔船设计建造中,留取的干舷对渔船作业的安全性起相当重要的作用,必不可少。 一、储备浮力的重要性 所谓储备浮力就是自船舶设计水线至水密甲板的水密部分体积,其大小与干舷相关．于舷大则储备浮力大,干舷的重要性就在于能够使船在海中保持正常的浮性和安全。再者,在设计建造渔船时,为了改善…     

同工酶(Isozyme)分析技术及其在紫菜(Porphyra)研究中的应用

同工酶是基因表达的直接产物,反映了编码蛋白质的DNA序列信息。利用同工酶分析技术不仅能区分紫菜叶状体的不同同工酶特征,而且能表现微型孢子体（丝状体）同工酶特征,利用不同种类和不同品系的紫菜丝状体的同工酶谱进行遗传多样性分析,对紫菜种质鉴定、遗传图谱的构建、寻找紫菜遗传多样性中心地区、筛选优良品种、进行种质改良研究都具有特别重要的意义。     

合浦珠母贝选育家系的遗传多样性分析

该研究选取具有多态性的6对微卫星引物对构建的2批合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)完全双列杂交家系的遗传多样性进行了分析。6个微卫星标记在9个家系360个个体中共检测到32个等位基因,有效等位基因(Ne)为1.758 7~3.586 5,观测杂合度(Ho)为0.144 4~0.488 9,期望杂合度(He)为0.432 0~0.722 2,Shannon指数(I)为0.691 9~1.507 4。9个家系都有单态位点,平均Ho为0.129 2~0.466 7,平均He为0.155 0~0.439 6,平均I为0.248 5~0.712 2。有19个位点(占35.19%)极显著地偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。各家系之间的遗传距离为0.109 0~1.137 2,遗传相似性系数为0.320 7~0.896 8。家系L4B46与L4B48的遗传距离最大,与D3D313的遗传距离最小。UPGMA法聚类分析显示,9个家系分为3支,L4B48单独成一支,B4D426、B4D427与D4B445聚成一支,其余家系聚成一支。该研究结果为合浦珠母贝家系选择育种的亲本选择与交配设计提供了科学依据。     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

A History of the Development of Sensory Methods for the Evaluation of Freshness of Fish

It is well-established in fish technology that freshness should be measured primarily by sensory procedures, though considerable effort has been expended in looking for nonsensory alternatives. A variety of methods for sensory evaluation of freshness has been described and this historical review traces developments of these methods. Much of the source material derives from the research literature such as research journals and reports of research, and the use of sensory methods in commercial quality control has scarcely been documented. There is a brief discussion of possible future developments in sensory evaluation of freshness.     

壳聚糖投喂方式对草鱼抗饥饿胁迫能力的影响

在基础饲料中添加0.5%的壳聚糖,采用3种不同的投喂方式(方式A:连续投喂基础饲料,对照组;方式B:连续投喂添加0.5%壳聚糖的饲料,连续组;方式C:先投喂0.5%壳聚糖饲料再投喂基础饲料且每15天间隔投喂,不连续组)饲喂初始体重(19.46±0.04)g的草鱼60d后,对草鱼进行饥饿胁迫处理[各投喂方式分为投喂组(feeding,F)和饥饿组(starvation,S)],以生长、一氧化氮(nitrogenoxide,NO)含量和溶菌酶(lysozyme,LSZ)活性为指标考察壳聚糖不同投喂方式对草鱼抗饥饿胁迫处理的能力。结果显示,(1)连续组和不连续组60d时草鱼增长率和增重率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),15d饥饿处理后也呈现投喂组和饥饿组的增长率和增重率高于对照组的趋势(P>0.05);(2)对照组头肾、肝胰脏NO含量和血清、头肾溶菌酶活性饥饿组显著高于投喂组(P<0.05),连续组除头肾外NO含量和各组织溶菌酶活性饥饿组显著低于投喂组(P<0.05)或与投喂组无显著差异(P>0.05),不连续组除脾脏外NO含量和除肝胰脏外的溶菌酶活性饥饿组显著低于投喂组(P<0.05)或与投喂组无显著差异(P>0...     

牙鲆刺激隐核虫病的防治

2005年七、八月份,乐亭、滦南一带多家工厂化牙鲆养殖场发生刺激隐核虫病,此种病虫害发病急、传染快、死亡率高。发生过该病的养殖场牙鲆死亡率一般都在50％～80％之间,这种病害给牙鲆养殖业带来很大损失。