2002-2009年东北早熟春玉米生育期及产量变化

[目的]分析气候变暖背景下中国东北春玉米生育期及产量的变化趋势,为品种栽培和育种目标方向提供科学依据.[方法]利用2002-2009年国家东北早熟春玉米品种区域试验中对照品种生育期、产量和气候资料等相关数据,分析气候变暖对东北早熟春玉米生产及育种的影响.[结果]对照品种的生育期、营养生长期、花粒期与相应期间的活动积温呈较强的正相关,随着活动积温的增加,生育期和花粒期均有延长的趋势.对照品种产量和年平均气温呈显著正相关(r=0.647*,Sig.=0.041,o=0.05).随着年平均气温的增加,对照品种产量有进一步提高的趋势.同时,随着生产水平、栽培方式等因素的变化,东北玉米种植密度呈增加趋势.[结论]气候变暖显著影响中国东北早熟春玉米的生育期、产量、生产栽培和育种.选育总生育期长、营养生长期短但生殖生长期长,耐密植的高产品种是东北春玉米适应气候变暖的育种方向.     

iTRAQ quantitative analysis of plasma proteome changes of cow from pregnancy to lactation

Dairy cows undergo tremendous changes in physiological, metabolism and the immune function from pregnancy to lactation that are associated with cows being susceptible to metabolic and infectious diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate the changes of plasma proteome on 21 d before expected calving and 1 d after calving from dairy cows using an integrated proteomic approach consisting of minor abundance protein enrichment by Proteo Miner beads, protein labeling by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification, and protein identification by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Nineteen proteins were changed around the time of calving. These proteins were associated with response to stress, including acute-phase response and defense response, based on the proteins annotation. In particular, three up-regulated proteins after calving including factor V, α2-antiplasmin and prothrombin were assigned into the complement and coagulation pathway. These results may provide new information in elucidating host response to lactation and parturition stress, and inflammatory-like conditions at the protein level. Differential proteins may serve as potential markers to regulate the lactation and parturition stress in periparturient dairy cows.     

水分胁迫对4种草坪草光合色素及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

研究了水分胁迫对4种草坪草光合色素及叶绿素荧光的影响。结果表明,水分胁迫前中期,草坪草的光合色素Chla,Chlb,Car变化不大;胁迫后期,除盆景2000(Bonsai2000)上升外,其他3个品种(Award,Starlet,Accent)均下降,说明草坪草具有一定的抗旱适应能力。叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fo,Fm,Fv,Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo的变化趋势不是单一的上升或下降,不同草坪草,其变化过程和变化幅度也不一样。相关性分析表明,草坪草叶片Car和Chla的含量变化对荧光具有很大的影响。     

水分胁迫对甘草营养器官解剖构造的影响

以2年生甘草盆栽实生苗为材料，研究了水分胁迫对甘草营养器官解剖构造的影响。结果表明：一定时期水分胁迫后的植株成龄叶片变薄，栅栏组织变薄，即栅／海比值变小，叶脉中的导管和根及茎的木质部导管均表现为导管管腔直径变小，管壁增厚。这些器官内部结构的不同变化都是适应逆境、增强抗性所做出的响应。     

冻融期巴音布鲁克高寒湿地土壤细菌群落变化及其响应机制

为探究土壤细菌群落对冻融期环境变化的响应机制,以新疆巴音布鲁克高寒湿地沼泽土壤为研究对象,基于高通量测序技术,研究冻融期高寒湿地土壤细菌群落结构和功能作用的变化。结果表明:细菌群落受控于冻融环境,物种多样性在冻结期显著降低(P<0.05);同时受土壤环境(土壤温度、土壤湿度、积雪厚度)和养分(土壤总碳、土壤总氮、碳氮比)的影响显著,解释贡献率分别为84.74%和73.91%,细菌群落结构发生生态适应性变化;初冻期、冻结期和融冻期,土壤细菌群落功能作用差异显著(P<0.05),主要体现在"代谢""信号转导"和"生存"三类功能基因含量的差异。冻融期高寒湿地土壤细菌群落结构和功能作用发生变化以增强群落的抗逆性,进化出较为完备的抗寒机制以适应冻融格局变化。     

干旱胁迫下苎麻的生理生化变化与抗旱性的关系

 在干旱胁迫下 ,抗旱性强的品种叶片相对含水量、细胞膜的稳定性高 ,随着干旱胁迫加强 ,抗旱性强的品种过氧化物酶活性提高 ,复水后下降快 ;而抗旱性弱的品种在一定限度胁迫下过氧化物酶活性增加 ,严重胁迫下则大幅度下降 ,然后复水后呈缓慢下降趋势 ;在干旱胁迫较轻时 ,抗旱性弱的品种积累游离脯氨酸多于抗旱性强的品种 ,而随着胁迫加强 ,抗旱性强品种游离脯氨酸积累强度大于抗旱性弱的品种 ;复水后抗旱性强的品种游离脯氨酸下降快 ,而抗旱性弱的品种则下降缓。干旱胁迫下苎麻叶片丙二醛 (MDA)含量增加 ,随着胁迫加强 ,抗旱性弱的品种增加的速度快 ,抗旱性强的品种增加的速度慢     

Relationship Between Physiological-biochemical Changes Under Drought Stress and Drought Resistance in Ramie

A study on the physiological-biochemical changes of different ramie(Boehmeria Jacq. ) varieties under drought stress was carried out, the results showed that relative water contents(RWC) decreased and RPP increased with the increase of drought stress. Compared with drought sensitive varieties, drought resistant varieties had higher RWC in leaves but lower RPP. Peroxidase activity of drought-resistance varieties changed from low to high whereas sensitive ones changed in opposite direction. Proline contents of drought sensitive varieties was higher than those of drought resistant ones under a certain degree drought stress. Proline accumulation in drought resistant varieties was faster than that in drought sensitive ones under serious drought stress.MDA contents in leaf was increased under drought stress. MDA contents increased slowly in resistant varieties while that increased rapidly in sensitive ones.     

Mental rotation of the neuronal population vector

A rhesus monkey was trained to move its arm in a direction that was perpendicular to and counterclockwise from the direction of a target light that changed in position from trial to trial. Solution of this problem was hypothesized to involve the creation and mental rotation of an imagined movement vector from the direction of the light to the direction of the movement. This hypothesis was tested directly by recording the activity of cells in the motor cortex during performance of the task and computing the neuronal population vector in successive time intervals during the reaction time. The population vector rotated gradually counterclockwise from the direction of the light to the direction of the movement at an average rate of 732 degrees per second. These results provide direct, neural evidence for the mental rotation hypothesis and indicate that the neuronal population vector is a useful tool for "reading out" and identifying cognitive operations of neuronal ensembles.     

热胁迫对大肠杆菌细胞膜和膜蛋白的影响

【目的】以大肠杆菌ATCC43889为试材,研究热胁迫处理对其细胞膜和膜蛋白的影响,为高温杀菌技术在食品工业中的应用奠定理论基础。【方法】研究ATCC43889分别经50℃、60℃和70℃热胁迫处理15 min并转接10次培养后,获得的3种抗热性ATCC43889菌株的细胞膜和膜蛋白变化。采用扫描电子显微镜分别观察原始对照菌株和3种抗热性菌株个体形态的变化;采用96孔微量酶标板法测定各菌株生物被膜生成能力的强弱;用气相色谱法测定各菌株细胞膜脂肪酸组成的变化及其差异;用差示扫描量热法测定各菌株细胞膜磷脂相变温度的变化;通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）法检测各菌株外膜蛋白表达的变化。【结果】大肠杆菌ATCC43889分别经50℃、60℃和70℃各10次热胁迫处理并转接10次培养后,其个体形态变化明显,经50℃热胁迫后,部分菌株由球状体变为长杆状;经60℃热胁迫后的菌株个体形态较50℃热胁迫处理的菌株细长;经70℃热胁迫处理后大部分菌株变成了更细长的杆状,大量的菌株聚集在一起,菌体表面呈凸凹不平的无规则形态。随着热胁迫温度的提高,ATCC43889抗热性菌株的生物被膜生成活力增大,其生物被膜生成能力增强,3种抗热性菌株的生物被膜生成能力与对照组相比差异显著（P<0.05）,60℃和70℃下获得的2种抗热性菌株的生物被膜生成能力差异不显著（P>0.05）。与对照的原始菌株相比,经过50℃、60℃和70℃各10次热胁迫处理并转接10次培养的菌株,缺失了3种脂肪酸,分别为C18:1n9c、C18:3n3和C21:0,随着热胁迫温度的提高,热胁迫菌株细胞膜中C13:0、C16:0和C17:0等饱和脂肪酸（SFA）及其总含量升高,而C14:1、C16:1、C17:1、C18:1n9t和C18:2n6t等不饱和脂肪酸（USFA）及其总含量降低,总SFA/总USFA比值增大,SFA/USFA比值越大,菌体细胞膜流动性越弱。随着热胁迫温度的提高,ATCC43889抗热性菌株细胞膜磷脂的熔点（T_m）升高,表明细胞膜磷脂的相变温度升高,细胞膜流动性降低,热胁迫温度越高,细胞膜流动性越低;随着热胁迫温度的提高,分子质量在63 kD和75 kD附近的条带颜色逐渐变深,分别经60℃和70℃各10次热胁迫并转接10次培养获得的2种抗热性菌株,其细胞外膜蛋白分子质量在48—75 kD均增加了特异条带;胁迫温度越高,一些外膜蛋白表达量及其种类增加,ATCC43889的耐热性越强。【结论】随着热胁迫温度的升高,ATCC43889个体形态变长,生物被膜生成能力增强,饱和脂肪酸含量升高,不饱和脂肪酸含量下降,细胞膜磷脂的相变温度升高,细胞膜流动性降低,一些外膜蛋白表达量提高、表达种类增加,菌株耐热性增强,这些变化有利于其适应不利的热胁迫环境,提高生存能力。     

Changes of the Biomass and Acid Phosphatase Activity in Maize （Zea mays L.） Lines Under Low-P Stress

A pot culture trial was conducted to investigate the changes of the biomass and acid phosphatase （APase） activity in 10 maize lines under low-P stress. P-deficiency significantly decreased the biomass, but induced the significant enhancement of the APase activity. Since P-deficiency had smaller effects on the low-P tolerant maize lines compared with P-sensitive lines, it was demonstrated that differences of tolerance to P-deficiency existed among 10 different maize lines. In addition, the relative biomass and APase activity changed during the vegetative stage of development, and there existed a significant correlation between the biomass and APase activity under low-P stress. These results suggest that the biomass and APase activity can be regarded as indicative traits of maize lines for tolerance to low-P stress at seedling stage.     

盐胁迫对白三叶肉细胞超微结构的影响

利用透射电镜技术对盐胁迫下白三叶叶肉细胞的超微结构进行了观察.结果表明,对照组叶肉细胞排列疏松,各种细胞器结构完整,叶绿体含少量淀粉粒和脂质球.轻度盐胁迫对叶肉细胞超微结构影响较小.中度和重度盐胁迫引起叶肉细胞超微结构的改变,对叶绿体的膜系统产生伤害,叶绿体由原来的长椭圆形变成圆球状,片层逐渐解体,外形轮廓发生变化,内...     

Magmatically triggered slow slip at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

We demonstrate that a recent dike intrusion probably triggered a slow fault-slip event (SSE) on Kilauea volcano's mobile south flank. Our analysis combined models of Advanced Land Observing Satellite interferometric dike-intrusion displacement maps with continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) displacement vectors to show that deformation nearly identical to four previous SSEs at Kilauea occurred at far-field sites shortly after the intrusion. We model stress changes because of both secular deformation and the intrusion and find that both would increase the Coulomb failure stress on possible SSE slip surfaces by roughly the same amount. These results, in concert with the observation that none of the previous SSEs at Kilauea was directly preceded by intrusions but rather occurred during times of normal background deformation, suggest that both extrinsic (intrusion-triggering) and intrinsic (secular fault creep) fault processes can lead to SSEs.     

干旱胁迫下小麦根冠生物量变化及其与抗旱性的关系

以12个小麦品种为研究材料,分析了盆栽条件下于生殖生长期进行干旱胁迫后根冠性状的变化。结果表明,干旱胁迫在不同程度上降低了小麦产量、株高、根系和地上部干重,增大了根冠比,同时,减少了穗数,但对干粒重的影响较小。其中,变化比较大的是地上部干重和根冠比。相关分析表明,根系干重、穗数和地上部干重的变化与产量的变化呈极显著正相关,根系干重的变化又与穗数和地上部干重变化呈极显著正相关。这些性状的变化密切关系到抗旱指数(DJ),除千粒重、根冠比的变化率与DI的相关性未达到显著水平以外,其余性状的变化率与DI达到了显著或极显著相关。在直接影响DI的性状变化中,地上部干重变化率(0．6197)、穗数变化率(0．6025)对DI起着明显的正效应,而根干重变化率(-0．3514)则起负效应,株高变化率的负效应较小(-0．0296);根系干重、穗数和株高的变化率主要通过对地上部干重的影响,以及地上部干重变化率对穗数和根系干重变化率的影响间接对DI起作用：这些结果说明,在干旱条件下,协调小麦根冠平衡,最大程度发挥根系和地上部叶片的功能,才有利于提高产量.     

冷刺激不同时间仔猪3种组织HSP70表达的Western blot检测分析

采用50日龄的雄性"军牧一号"仔猪进行冷刺激试验,分别在冷刺激0、0.5、3、6、12、24h与应激恢复0.5、3、6、12、24、48h共12个时间点采取仔猪肝脏、脾脏和股二头肌样品。利用Western blot检测冷刺激(-7±2℃)不同时间仔猪肝脏、脾脏与股二头肌HSP70的表达量,探讨冷刺激对机体3种主要器官内HSP70表达量的影响。结果显示仔猪肝脏、脾脏和股二头肌中HSP70的表达量都以不同程度的升高,而后呈现先下降再升高的变化趋势。结果提示肝脏、脾脏和股二头肌3种组织尤以肝脏HSP70表达量变化明显,提示冷应激反应中代谢最旺盛的器官肝脏中物质代谢可能与HSP70的表达量有关。     

Changes in the Vascular Cylinder of Wild Soybean Roots Under Alkaline Stress

Changes in the vascular cylinder of wild soybean （Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc） roots under alkaline stress were investigated in an experiment that applied 90 mmol L1 alkaline stress for 10 d at the five-trifoliate plant growth stage in Huinan County, Jilin Province, China. Root samples were collected and paraffin-cut sections were made, and the root structure was observed under an optical microscope. There were significant changes in the vascular cylinder of G. soja roots under alkaline stress. Root diameter was reduced and the vascular cylinder changed from tetrarch to triarch pattern. Alkaline stress resulted in reduced, diameters of root vessels, and a large amount of residual, alkaline solution was stained cyaneous in vessels. The paratracheal parenchymatous cells of the vessels were large and there was little secondary xylem. Thus, alkaline stress caused structural changes in the vascular cylinder of G. soja.     

盐胁迫对3种白刺渗透调节物质的影响

以西伯利亚白刺(Nitraria sibirica Pall.)、唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr)、齿叶白刺(Nitraria roborowskii Kom.)的2年生实生苗为试验材料,研究了其在NaCl胁迫45 d后的生长和渗透调节物质含量的变化。结果表明:盐胁迫明显抑制了白刺生物量的积累,唐古特白刺根冠比与盐浓度呈负相关,其它2种白刺无明显变化。盐胁迫后,3种白刺叶片中丙二醛摩尔质量浓度种间变化差异较大;唐古特白刺和西伯利亚白刺叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸质量分数增加显著,齿叶白刺仅可溶性糖质量分数变化明显;盐处理后Na+、Cl-质量分数相比对照有不同程度增加,Ca2+质量分数明显减少,K+质量分数、钾钠比种间表现各异。运用隶属函数法综合评价结果表明,3种白刺的耐盐性由大到小依次为西伯利亚白刺、唐古特白刺、齿叶白刺。     

节水条件下大田冬小麦的根冠关系

重点研究了京郊通县地区不同灌水条件下冬小麦根冠的发育规律，根冠间的动态消长关系及对后期产量形成的影响程度及敏感性。结果表明：水分胁迫会引起根、冠功能降低，导致根、冠生长与干物质积累量下降。然而不同水分条件下根、冠的生长特征，根、冠自调节、自适应的功能表现却不同；前期受水分胁迫抑制，后期恢复供水时，“补偿生长”作用较突出；根长密度最大速率的剖面分布将随着生育阶段的增长由表层向底层转移。     

镉胁迫对玉米生理生化特性及品质的影响

镉胁迫下玉米的各种生理代谢过程发生很大变化。对镉胁迫下玉米生理生化及籽粒品质方面的变化进行了综述,为明确镉污染的伤害机理和生物监测提供依据,并指导镉胁迫下的玉米生产工作。     

刨花板热应力的研究

刨花板在制造和使用过程中，由于温度的变化而产生热应力，从研究结果可知，温度每增1℃，界面热应力约提高0．026MPa，界面残余应力约提高0．006MPa，而对应的界面结构强度约降低0．46MPa，这是不容忽视的影响。如何定性和定量评价热应力，是降低热应力和提高界面结合稳定性的关键。     

基于植被指数的神东矿区植被盖度变化分析

随着社会环保意识的逐步增强,近年来矿区开采活动对环境的影响备受关注。为了分析矿区开采活动对环境的影响,文章利用神东矿区不同时相的Landsat遥感影像经过预处理后计算其植被指数,进而计算植被盖度并分析其变化,分析矿区开采活动对绿色植被生长的影响程度。在此基础上以植被指数转化法模型进行了植被盖度的估算。通过对提取出植被信息的分析得出：2002年开采后较1989年开采前植被覆盖情况发生了很大的变化,其中优等与良等覆盖区域增加,中等覆盖区域减少,由于矿区的建设造成非植被覆盖区域的增加。