白兰考氏白盾蚧药剂防治试验

考氏白盾蚧(Pseudaulacaspiscockerelli)是危害园林树木——白兰Micheliaalba的主要害虫,其吸取叶片上的汁液,使叶面出现许多黄斑,植株长势衰弱,严重时引起落叶。近年来,该虫在玉林市白兰树上为害严重,对该市的园林苗木生产造成极大影响。对此,笔者于1996年选择了当前常用的三种药剂在我市信达园艺社花卉生产基地的白兰园中进行了药剂试验,以了解其对考氏白盾蚧的控制效果。现报道如下。1　材料与方法1.1　试验设计　　试验设40%速扑杀乳油(江苏汽巴农化有限公司)1000倍、1500倍;40%氧化乐果乳油(石家庄农药厂)1000倍;20%杀蚧威CaS4膏剂(…     

桑盾蚧在杏树上的发生为害与防治

桑盾蚧[Pseudaulacaspis pentagona(Targioni-Tozzetti)]又名桑白蚧、桃介壳虫、桃白蚧等.属盾蚧科,是杏树主要害虫之一.近年来在咸阳的礼泉、泾阳等杏产区发生为害较为普遍,且有逐年加重的趋势.为此,笔者于2005～2007年对其为害和防治技术进行了田间调查和试验研究.     

桑盾蚧的发生与综合防治

桑盾蚧又名桑白蚧、桑介壳虫、桃介壳虫、黄点介壳虫等,属同翅目介壳虫总科,盾蚧科。分布在我国南北各省区,危害桃、李、杏、柿、樱桃、梅、梨、苹果、无花果、核桃、粟、银杏、猕猴桃、葡萄、醋栗、木瓜、椰子、橄榄、芒果、枇杷、海枣、香石榴、香木瓜、柑桔、巴蕉等...     

南太平洋地区介壳虫危害情况

南太平洋地区介壳虫危害情况屈娟秦晓东（深圳动植物检验局５１８０１０）介壳虫危害的基本情况介壳虫（Ｓｃａｌｅｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ、ｃｏｃｃｉｄｓ、Ｃｏｃｏｉｄｓ）：包括盾蚧（Ａｒｍｏｕｒｅｄｓｃａｌｅｓ）、粉蚧（ｍｅａｌｙｂｕｇｓ）、蚧（Ｓｏｆｔｓｃａｌｅｓ...     

茶树蛇眼蚧的发生与防治

茶树蛇眼蚧［（Ｐｓｅｕｄａｏｎｉｄｉａｄｕｐｌｅｘ（Ｃｏｃｋｅｒｅｌｌ）］又名樟盾蚧、樟圆蚧、樟介壳虫,属同翅目盾蚧科害虫。该虫除为害茶树外,还为害山茶、柑橘、苹果、桃、梨、柿、樟树、茉莉等多种植物。该虫已传入马边多年,１９９８年始见成团为害,１９９９年在马边烟峰茶场暴发成灾,造成茶树叶片大量脱落、茶芽不发、枝干枯死,１０ｈｍ２多茶园毁坏过半,减产减收六成以上,已上升成为茶树害虫的主要虫种。为探索蛇眼蚧有效的防治方法,笔者参加了县植保植检站在烟峰茶场的定点研究,现将结果初报如下。１　发生规律茶树…     

猕猴桃介壳虫的发生与防治

危害猕猴桃的介壳虫主要有桑白蚧（又称桑盾蚧）、黄点蚧、桃白蚧。除猕猴桃外,还危害桃、李、桑、梨等。该虫近两年来在我所猕猴桃园的发生较普遍。据调查,主要危害贵长、７９－２等品种,造成部分园区被害株率达６０％,而秦美品种未见危害。该虫以雌成虫和若虫刺吸寄...     

根施涕灭威防治桃园桑盾蚧试验

桑盾蚧又名桑白蚧、桑白盾蚧、桃介壳虫,属同翅目盾蚧科,是危害桃树枝干的重要害虫,以若虫和雌成虫固定在枝条上刺吸危害,被害枝条发育不良,虫口密度高时严重削弱树势,甚至死枝死树。桃园一旦发生该虫,若防治不力,则３～５ａ内蔓延全园。我市一些桃园常由于不能抓...     

西双版纳地区寄生橡胶树的蚧虫种类

通过调查发现云南省西双版纳地区寄生橡胶树的蚧虫有5种,分属于3个科.其中蚧科2种,即橡胶盔蚧和橄榄黑盔蚧;粉蚧科1种,即大洋臀纹粉蚧;盾蚧科2种,即类巨腺白盾蚧和东方片圆蚧.描述了以上5种蚧虫为害橡胶树的基本情况及国内外对各蚧虫的防治概况,预测了未来可能严重为害橡胶树的蚧虫种类.     

贵阳地区桃园桑盾蚧的发生规律调查

桑盾蚧Pseudauiacapis pentagona(Targioni-Tozztti)又叫桑白蚧Pseudalaoaspis pentagona Iaogioni、桑蚧壳虫、蚧壳虫等,属同翅目,盾蚧科。     

与盾蚧密切相关的捕食螨一半疥螨研究进展

半疥螨对介壳虫种群的控制能力很强,已知全世界有4种.主要分布在非洲,欧洲和美洲.在我国刚刚发现。它们主要捕食盾蚧科的种类,据初步统计有12属23种,并且具有较高的捕食率。在生物防治中很有应用前途。半疥螨的生物学比较特别。在食物或环境不适时常产生休眠体,由盔唇瓢虫属瓢虫携带扩散传播。其种群数量依赖于介壳虫的种群数量,是密度制约性种类。本文根据有关资料就半疥螨的种类、分布、寄主、捕食作用及其生物学特性等进行了综述。     

Systems of designation of pathotypes of plant pathogens12

A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results.     

Investigation of the Mode of Action of Nematode Neuropeptides

The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway.     

Localization of metabolic sites of action of herbicides

Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate ¹⁴C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides.     

福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察

通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。     

Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato

The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere.     

厚朴病虫害种类的初步调查

采用标准地法和线路调查法,对湖北恩施市新塘乡双河厚朴基地的厚朴病虫害进行了系统调查,记录主要虫害13种,其中叶部害虫9种,枝干害虫2种,根部害虫2种。厚朴主要病害5种。藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴新丽斑蚜为湖北省首次报道,小绿叶蝉为厚朴新寄主记录种。同时记录了藤壶蚧的天敌6种,其中寄生小蜂2种,瓢虫4种;厚朴新丽斑蚜的天敌昆虫8种。对藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴苗木根腐病等重要病虫害的发生规律进行了初步调查,同时提出了防治建议。     

百合地下害虫主要种类调查及生物（源）农药筛选

调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。     

青稞种子带菌检测及杀菌剂消毒处理效果

为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。     

棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析

 选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM₄₃₃和EM₁₁₀。