杂交稻博优998种子真实性与纯度的IEF鉴定

研究利用等电聚焦技术对博优998及其亲本种子蛋白进行了分析，发现有一条亲本互补谱带。应用该互补谱带，对该杂交稻种子样品进行了鉴定，与田间小区种植鉴定的结果比较差异较小。表明这一技术在杂交稻种子纯度鉴定上是可行的。     

杂交稻博优3550种子真实性与纯度的快速鉴定

研究利用等电聚焦技术对博优3550及其亲本种子蛋白进行了分析,发现有一条亲本互补谱带.使用45%的2-氯乙醇提取时谱带较为清晰.应用该互补谱带,对该杂交稻种子样品进行了鉴定,与田间小区种植鉴定的结果比较差异较小.表明这一技术在杂交稻种子纯度鉴定上是可行的.     

利用等电聚焦技术鉴定杂交水稻种子纯度

等电聚焦电泳是分离蛋白质（同工酶）最有效的方法之一，本文以杂交水稻特优524（F1）及其父本、母本的种子为材料，对它们胚芽时期的酯酶等同工酶进行等电聚焦电泳分析。结果表明：特优524（F1）的酯酶同工酶有4条酶带，其父本有2条酶带，其母本有3条酶带，混杂种子有5条酶带。测出此杂交水稻种子的纯度为94．6％，与田间鉴定相符合。     

两系杂交水稻培矮64S/培辐F1种子品种真实性和纯度的检测及评价

本试验利用超薄等电聚焦技术对两系杂交水稻培矮64S/培辐F1种子及其亲本种子蛋白进行了分析,并应用父本特征蛋白质谱带对该杂交稻种子样品进行了纯度鉴定。鉴定结果与田间小区种植鉴定的结果完全一致,而超薄等电聚焦技术成本更低,速度更快,表明这一技术在杂交稻种子纯度鉴定上是可行的。     

等电点聚焦电泳对杂交水稻种子纯度鉴定的技术

杂交水稻的推广应用,为粮食生产开僻了新的途径,为我国粮食生产作出了巨大的贡献。目前,我国种植杂交水稻的面积已近2亿亩,每年需用杂交水稻种子达5～6亿斤。杂交水稻的增产效果与杂交水稻种子的纯度关系十分密切。使用了纯度不高的杂交水稻种子,不仅不能达到增产的效果,甚至会导致减产,造     

酯酶同工酶等电聚焦电泳在玉米姊妹系杂交种纯度鉴定中的应用

酯酶同工酶等电聚焦电泳技术1999年引入我县种子公司化验室,并应用于玉米单交种和姊妹系杂交种的纯度检测中.经过3年的室内玉米品种纯度鉴定和田间小区种植鉴定对比,证明该方法不但在单交种纯度鉴定上与其他电泳方法具有同样的技术效果,而且在农大3138、唐抗5、承8453等姊妹系玉米杂交种纯度检测上具有独特的技术优势.室内检测鉴定结果较田间小区种植鉴定结果偏低0.9%～2.1%,用 y=4.26+0.963 4X回归方程推算,其结果与田间小区种植鉴定结果相近似.     

大白菜一代杂种及双亲幼苗的等电聚焦电泳过氧化物同工酶分析

等电聚焦电泳是近些年发展起来的分离蛋白质的有效生化技术．操作简便，分辨率高，电泳条带多而且细，信息量大，利于进行深入细致的研究。该文利用等电聚焦丙烯酰胺电泳方法分析了6个大白菜一代杂种及双亲幼苗的过氧化物同工酶电泳图谱，共分离出十几条酶带，F1杂种与亲本间同工酶图谱均表现出明现差异，特别是A鉴别区内的酶带差异最明显，大多为互补型，是主要鉴别区。进一步研究结果表明，6个大白菜品种均可利用过氧化物同工酶鉴别由自交引起的假杂种。利用这项技术大量开展了这6个品种的商品种子纯度检测工作，同时在田间进行了验证性测定，二者结果基本相符。     

几种杂交蔬菜种子纯度鉴定指示同工酶的初步筛选

该文以萌发３天的幼芽或胚轴为材料，用等电聚焦电泳技术分析研究番茄、辣椒、西瓜、青瓜和苦瓜杂交种子的酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、乙醇脱氢酶（ＡＤＨ）、苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）和谷草转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）同工酶，发现番茄种子的ＡＣＰ及ＡＤＨ同工酶、辣椒种子的ＡＣＰ及ＭＤＨ同工酶、西瓜种子的ＥＳＴ和ＡＣＰ同工酶、青瓜种子的ＡＣＰ同工酶以及苦瓜种子的ＡＣＰ和ＭＤＨ同工酶均有较强的品种特异性和稳定的酶谱，     

用等电聚焦法对茄子种几种同工酶的研究

通过等电聚焦电泳方法对子种子进行同工酶分析，发现酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱在父本，母亲一及杂交一代之间有一定的差别，而且这种差别有一定的时间局限性。而酸性磷酸酶的同式酶酶说在子的亲本和杂交一代间没有差别。由于茄子种子同工酶酶谱有一定的差别，因此可以利用这种差别来进行种子纯度检测。     

重金属Cu、Zn污染对小麦旗叶生理及产量的影响

为明确Cu 、Zn 污染对小麦生长发育影响,从而为小麦优质高效、安全生产提供理论指导,以分别添加铜盐和锌盐模拟污染土壤的盆栽试验,研究了晋麦96灌浆期旗叶的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数、保护酶活性和产量及产量构成。结果表明：开花后Cu 、Zn各处理间SPAD值均呈先升后降的趋势,低浓度Cu 、Zn处理有利于提高叶绿素含量,延缓叶片衰老进程。Cu、Zn以100mg/ kg处理在灌浆后期光化学活性较强,受伤程度较小,高于100mg/ kg不利于维持小麦叶片细胞膜稳定性,适宜的Cu、Zn含量可以延缓小麦旗叶细胞的脂膜过氧化作用和衰老进程。从拔节期到灌浆期各处理小麦旗叶CAT含量均呈先升后降的趋势,Cu、Zn均以100mg/ kg处理CAT活性最高;Cu 、Zn处理对株高影响较小,且均以100mg/ kg处理产量最高分别达12.86 g、12.17g。     

Genotypes of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with High Anther-Culture Response through Hybridization

Anther-culture response in Lolium perenne was studied in the hybrid populations from three responsive diploid parent clones to obtain genotypes with superior anther-culture response through hybridization. Genetic variation for anther-culture response was significant both within and between the four hybrid families and their parents. A reciprocal effect was indicated for embryo formation and regeneration percentages for one of the cross combinations. Among 55 hybrid clones tested in two environments, 6 clones were identified with an anther-culture response level superior to their parents. While the parents produced one green plant or less per 100 anthers, these superior clones produced from 11 to 59 green plants/100 anthers, mainly as the result of improved embryo formation and improved percentages of regenerated plants being green. A significant correlation (r = 0.397^**) was observed between embryo formation and percentage of green plants. The results are discussed with regard to the possible transfer of anther-culture response to non-responsive breeding material through hybridization.     

铜、镉、铅、锌对4种豆科植物种子萌发的影响

筛选和研究适合当地气候与土壤条件的重金属耐性植物,是对重金属污染土壤进行植物修复的前提.以蒸馏水为对照,采用培养皿法研究了Cu2+、Cd2+、pb2+和Zn2+单一重金属对4种豆科植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,随着Cu2+、Cd2+、pb2+和Zn2+浓度的增大,红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.)、白三叶(Tri folium repens L.)、柠条(Caragana Korshinskii Kom.)、胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.)的发芽率、发芽势呈不同程度的降低趋势;但在Cu2+＜300 mg/L处理下,红豆草种子的发芽率并没受到明显抑制,反而有不同程度地促进;在Cd2+处理下,25 mg/L浓度对柠条种子萌发促进作用最为显著,柠条种子发芽率与对照相比达到显著性差异水平(p＜0.05);Pb2+对柠条和胡枝子种子的发芽率种子的发芽表现为“低促高抑”.Cu2+、Cd2+、pb2+和Zn2+对4种植物根系生长均表现出强烈的抑制作用.随着Cu2+、Cd2+、pb2+和Zn2+离子浓度的增大,红豆草、白三叶、柠条和胡枝子种子萌发后形成幼苗的根长和苗长都呈降低趋势,对4种植物均表现为随着浓度增加,抑制作用越明显.     

转基因水稻抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环系统对锌镉互作的应答

实验分析了转GST和CAT 1双抗氧化酶基因水稻和非转基因水稻(Oryza sativa L.中花11号)抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环系统在锌、镉及锌镉复合处理条件下的变化。结果显示,在单一镉胁迫下,转基因水稻(T)地上部分的CAT和GST活性都比非转基因水稻(N)的高,而前者的DHAR活性和GSH氧还状态则低于后者的;T根系CAT、APX和GR的活性也高于N的,但其GST、SOD和DHAR的活性则低于N的。单一锌处理时,T地上部分的CAT、GST、DHAR、APX和GR活性及ASA氧还状态都比N的高;其根系CAT和APX的活性也高于N的,但GSH氧还状态则低于后者的。锌和镉复合处理时,T地上部分的CAT和GR活性都比N的高,其SOD和DHAR活性及ASA和GSH氧还状态却低于后者的;T根系的CAT、GST和APX活性都比N的高,而前者的SOD、GR和DHAR活性及GSH氧还状态则比后者的低。转基因水稻和非转基因水稻之间抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环系统变化的差异,可能是外源基因和内源功能相关组分协同作用的结果。     

Spaced-plant traits related to seed yield in plots of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Summary Seed yield in perennial ryegrass is low and selection criteria for high seed production are lacking. Indirect selection in spaced plants would be efficient, but spaced-plant traits need to be identified that correlate with seed yield in drilled plots. Spaced plants were studied of nine perennial ryegrass cultivars with a different seed production when grown in plots. Genotypic variation within cultivars for seed yield components and other traits was assessed in four environments in replicated clonal experiments. Extensive genotypic variation for most traits was present within each cultivar. Based on cultivar means of 25 or 50 genotypes, significant differences among cultivars were found for most traits. Cultivar-year interactions were found for most traits, but no significant cultivar-location interactions were generally found. Spaced-plant traits in general showed poor correlation to corresponding traits in drilled plots. Cultivars with contrasting seed yield in plots could not be distinguished on the basis of their spaced-plant traits and therefore no criteria for indirect selection for seed production in drilled plots could be identified in spaced plants.     

Zinc biofortification of maize (Zea mays L.): Status and challenges

Zn deficiency is one of the leading health problems in children and women of developing countries. Different interventions could be used to overcome malnutrition, but biofortification is most impactful, convenient, sustainable and acceptable intervention. Maize is one of the major crops grown and consumed in the regions with prevalent Zn malnutrition; therefore, this is suitable target for Zn biofortification. Zn biofortification of maize could be achieved through agronomic and genetic approaches. Discussion of agronomic approaches with genetic approaches is prerequisite because soils in developing countries are deficit of Zn and availability of Zn in soils is mandatory for estimating the genetic responses of maize genotypes through genetic approaches. Seed priming, foliar and soil applications are agronomic tools for biofortification, but solo and combined applications of these treatments have different effects on Zn enrichment. Genetic approaches include the increase of Zn bioavailability or increase of kernel Zn concentration. Zn bioavailability could be increased by reducing the anti‐nutritional factors or by increasing the bioavailability enhancers. Kernel Zn concentration could be improved through hybridization and selections, whereas genetically engineered attempts for improving Zn uptake from soil, loading in xylem, remobilization in grains and sequestration in endosperm can further improve the kernel Zn concentration. Key challenges associated with dissemination of Zn biofortified maize are also under discussion in this draft. Current review emphasized all of above‐mentioned contents to provide roadmap for the development of Zn biofortified maize genotypes to curb the global Zn malnutrition.     

Seed yield related to crop development and to yield components in nine cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Summary We had previously found differences for seed yield among nine perennial ryegrass cultivars which were not associated with variation for seed weight. To detect the physiological basis of these genetic differences for seed yield, growth analyses were carried out. We related crop development and components of seed yield to seed yield during three years on clay and sandy soil. No significant differences occurred among cultivars for accumulation and partitioning of dry matter or the pattern of tiller production. Seed yield of the cultivars was not associated with ear number or total dry matter yield of the seed crop. Seed yield was more correlated with the number of seeds per unit area than with seed weight. The number of seeds as calculated after harvest from seed yield and seed weight was much lower than the number of seeds as estimated prior to harvest from seed yield components. The number of spikelets differed significantly among the cultivars, but the ranking was different from that for seed yield. The physiological basis of the genetic differences for seed yield is not clear. Implications for breeding perennial ryegrass are discussed.     

Introduction of a self-compatible gene of Lolium temulentum L. to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) for the purpose of the production of inbred lines of perennial ryegrass

Interspecific hybrids between self-compatible species, Lolium temulentum L. and self-incompatible species, L. perenne L. were obtained using embryo rescue. Two cycles of backcrossing of interspecific hybrids with L. perenne were carried out. A 1: 1 segregation ratio of self comatibility and incompatibility was observed in backcross generations. These segregation data confirmed that self-compatibility of L. temulentum was controlled by a single gene. It suggested that the self-compatible gene of L. temulentum could be introduced to self-incompatible plants of L. perenne through interspecific hybridization. It appears that utilization of a self-compatible gene of L. temulentum would be useful for production of inbred lines of L. perenne. The possibility of breeding procedures of perennial ryegrass using a self-compatible gene was discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

锌锰微肥对苜蓿生产的效应研究

针对河南省气候土壤特点、锌锰钼肥的生理功能以及牧草生产利用中存在的问题,对Zn、Mn两种微肥在紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）优质牧草生产中的配施技术进行了研究。结果表明：紫花苜蓿的有效范围为400~500mg/kg,最佳浓度为430mg/kg。430mg/kg的Zn肥与380mg/kg的Mn 肥结合使用,效果更好,可使牧草产量提高约10.7%,种子产量提高13.7%。     

Colchicine-induced heritable variation in cell size and chloroplast number in the leaf cells of inbred ryegrasses (Lolium perenne,L. multiflorum)

Summary A 3 hr period of treatment with a 0.2% aqueous solution of colchicine was given to one week old seedlings of 3 inbred lines of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and 4 lines of Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum). The surviving plants developed as mixoploids and were self-pollinated. In the following generation (CT1) the seeds were grown without further treatment, and were screened cytologically at the seedling stage to separate out diploids from tetraploids. Only the diploids were kept, and in this CT1 generation comparisons were then made between controls (2x) and colchicine-treated diploids (C2x) for leaf mesophyll cell size and chloroplast number variation. Heritable differences were found such that the cell plan areas and/or the numbers of chloroplasts per cell were significantly greater in the C2x compared with the 2x treatment in 3 and 5 out of the 7 lines. In each case there was enhancement of chloroplast numbers independently of the variation in cell size.     

氮钾配施对油菜产量及氮素利用的影响

实际生产中氮钾肥投入不平衡严重限制了氮肥肥效及作物的产量潜力。为了探明不同施氮量下钾肥施用对油菜产量及氮素利用的影响,于2016—2017年及2017—2018年在湖北省武穴市开展连续2年的田间试验,采用氮钾两因素完全试验设计,设氮0、90、180、270 kg N hm-2和钾0、60、120、180 kg K2O hm-2各4个水平。在油菜成熟期取样测定产量、地上部氮钾积累量以及氮肥利用率。结果表明,在钾供应不足时(K0和K60),冬油菜施用氮肥的平均增产率为113.7%,而在钾供应充足的条件下(K120和K180),施用氮肥的平均增产率高达172.9%;与K0处理相比, K120处理冬油菜氮肥回收利用率平均提高了16.6%,继续增施钾肥对不同施氮量下冬油菜氮肥回收利用率的进一步提高无显著影响;达到区域平均产量时,钾供应充足较低钾(K60)投入平均降低33.9%的氮肥用量。综上所述,氮钾配施显著提高了冬油菜产量和氮肥利用率,在冬油菜实际生产中除了重视氮肥施用外,应增加钾肥投入,通过优化氮钾肥配施比例可进一步提高油菜产量,实现冬油菜高产和养分高效。