共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2006—2007年于北京市海淀区试验地开展了硝磺草酮对玉米不同品种的安全性及植物生长调节剂一碧护对药害的缓解作用方面的研究。以华北地区主栽的4个玉米品种为试材,按常规栽培习惯进行种植,小区面积60m^2。玉米4—5叶期,以0、105ga.i./hm^2、210ga.i./hm^2、420ga.i./hm^2、840ga.i./hm^2的剂量喷施硝磺草酮,施药7d后再按0和30g/hm^2的制剂用量喷施碧护。硝磺草酮的喷液量为600L/hm^2,碧护的喷液量为300L/hm^2施药后2d,玉米叶片的PPM值迅速降低,而随着时间的延长而逐步恢复,但不同玉米品种表现出较明显的差异。以白糯6号对药剂最敏感,需要10d才能恢复到正常水平;甜单8号次之,需要8d才能恢复;滑丰986和郑单21相对不是很敏感,需要6d恢复。处理后3~4d,玉米在硝磺草酮作用下,叶片白化,随用药量的增加而药害程度加重。硝磺草酮对玉米生长有较明显的抑制作用。随着施药剂量的增加,4个玉米品种的株高和鲜重均明显降低,且显著低于不用药的对照。喷施了碧护之后,玉米恢复程度有所加强,玉米株高明显增高。 相似文献
2.
Walter Oettmeier Ursula Hilp Wilfried Draber Carl Fedtke Robert R. Schmidt 《Pest management science》1991,33(4):399-409
Weeds resistant to the s-triazine herbicide atrazine also show resistance to the triazinone herbicide metribuzin. However, with highly lipophilic triazinones, thylakoids isolated from atrazine-resistant Amaranthus retroflexus (mutation at position Ser264 of the photosystem II D-1 reaction centre protein) in general show a higher pI50 value in photosystem II electron transport than those from the wild type (i.e. negative cross-resistance; ‘supersensitivity’). A quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) can be established, wherein the lipophilicity of the compound plays a major role. In in-vivo experiments, it was found that the triazinone DRW2698 killed resistant Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album whereas the wild type was almost unaffected. Triazinones were further investigated in five different mutants of Chlamydomonas rheinhardtii (mutations in the D-1 protein at positions Ser264, Ala251, Leu275, Phe255, and Val219). Inhibitory activity of all triazinones was generally enhanced in the Phe255 mutant but decreased in the Val219 mutant. In the other mutants, biological activity was decreased when position 3 of the triazinone was substituted by CH3, OCH3, SCH3, NHCH3 or N(CH3)2. However, negative cross-resistance was again observed when this position was occupied by free thiol. It is therefore suggested that these two groups of triazinones orient themselves differently within the herbicide binding niche of the photosystem II D-1 protein. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
通过对40%乙(乙草胺).扑(扑草净)可湿性粉剂进行玉米田间小区试验,明确了该药剂防除玉米田杂草具有效果好,药效期长,杀草谱广,施药期宽等优点。安全适宜的用法在玉米播后苗前或移栽前进行土壤处理,用药量长江以南为150 g/667m2,对水不少于45 kg/667m2。 相似文献
6.
玉米田杂草发生规律、经济防除阈值及竞争临界期研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
江苏省通州市玉米田杂草的发生具有以下特点:杂草种类多,群落组合复杂,杂草密度高,不同茬口差异大.夏玉米田单,双子叶杂草出草规律基本一致,有两个明显的出草高峰,以玉米播后9-12d的第一出草高峰为主,其数量约占50%,相关分析表明,玉米的产量损失与玉米杂草密度呈显著的正相关(r=0.9988),关系式可表示为Y=-0.9752 0.0785x(Y为玉米产量损失率,x为1m2杂草数量),玉米田杂草的经济防除阈值为80-90株/m2,当玉米田杂草超过防除阈值时,必须用药进行防除,以控制杂草的危害,杂草与玉米的竞争临界期为玉米播种后32-35d. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
淮北地区夏玉米的生育期在6~9月份,由于这一时期高温多雨,极利于田间杂草的生长,一旦错过防除适期,则很难有效控制杂草危害。为此,我们进行了淮北地区夏玉米田杂草发生及防除技术研究。 相似文献
10.
11.
杂草对芳氧苯氧丙酸类(APPs)除草剂的抗性分子机理研究进展 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
芳氧苯氧丙酸类(aryloxyphenoxypropionates,APPs)除草剂是一类广泛使用的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂,可高效专一抑制禾本科杂草的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase,ACCase)。目前已出现大量抗芳氧苯氧丙酸类除草剂的禾本科杂草,其抗性大多由叶绿体乙酰辅酶A羧化酶的羧基转移酶(carboxyltransferase,CT)功能域中的氨基酸突变引起。在所有已发现的氨基酸突变中,最引人关注的是第1 781位(对应大穗看麦娘Alopecurus myosuroides质体ACCase的氨基酸残基位置)异亮氨酸到亮氨酸的单点突变,该特定位置形成亮氨酸会导致某些杂草对APPs类除草剂产生抗性。综述了乙酰辅酶A羧化酶CT功能域的研究进展及杂草对APPs类除草剂的抗性分子机理,探讨了杂草对APPs类除草剂抗性分子机理研究中存在的问题,以期为进一步深入研究APPs类除草剂的抗性机制提供参考。 相似文献
12.
Recent development of site‐specific weed management strategies suggests patch application of herbicides to avoid their excessive use in crops. The estimation of infestation of weeds and control thresholds are important components for taking spray decisions. If weed pressure is below a certain level in some parts of the field and if late germinating weeds do not affect yield, it may not be necessary the spray such places from an economic point of view. Consequently, it makes sense to develop weed control thresholds for patch spraying, based on weed cover early in the growing season. In Danish maize field experiments conducted from 2010 to 2012, we estimated competitive ability parameters and control thresholds of naturally established weed populations in the context of decision‐making for patch spraying. The most frequent weed was Chenopodium album, accompanied by Capsella bursa‐pastoris, Cirsium arvense, Lamium amplexicaule, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Poa annua, Polygonum aviculare, Polygonum persicaria, Stellaria media and Veronica persica. Relative leaf cover of weeds was estimated using an image analysis method. The relation between relative weed leaf cover and yield loss was analysed by nonlinear regression models. The competitive ability parameters and economic thresholds were estimated from the regression models. The competitive ability of weed mixtures was influenced by the increasing proportion of large size weeds in the mixtures. There was no significant effect of weeds which survived or established after the first herbicide application, indicating that early image analysis was robust for use under these conditions. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
15%磺草酮水剂防除玉米田杂草田间药效评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
15 %磺草酮水剂是江苏长青集团有限公司开发的除草剂品种 ,受该公司的委托 ,2 0 0 2年我们组织实施了田间小区药效试验 ,以了解该药剂对玉米田杂草的防除效果 ,确定最佳使用剂量及对玉米的安全性 ,为该产品推广应用提供依据。1 材料与方法1 1 试验地概况试验地点选择在江苏省阜宁县沙墩村一承包大户农田中进行 ,供试面积 130 0m2 ,前茬为豌豆 ,地势平坦 ,田间杂草密度较大 ,种类较多 ,以马唐为优势种 ,其他杂草有牛筋草、旱稗、狗尾草、鳢肠、铁苋菜、马齿苋、小蓟等。豌豆收获后 ,采用机浅耕灭茬。于6月 15日播种 ,品种为西玉三号 ,播种… 相似文献
19.
陕西省夏玉米田杂草发生及防治策略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选择有代表性的110余块玉米田,进行杂草调查,结果表明陕西省夏玉米田杂草有30余种,隶属15科,其中禾本科8种,菊科5种,大戟科,旋花科,藜科各2种,莎草科,马齿苋科,锦葵科,苋科,蒺藜科,茄科,木贼科,唇形科,酢浆草科,蓼科各1种,夏玉米田杂草优势种为马唐,狗尾草,铁苋菜,个别地方莎草相当严重,已成为玉米田内以难以根除的恶性杂草,玉米田杂草播的10-15d是出草高峰期,也是进行化学除草的关键时期,应采取以农业防除为基础,以化学防除为主导的防除策略。 相似文献