宜居城市绿化概述

城市绿化是宜居城市建设的关键因素之一。城市绿化不仅能创造出巨大的生态效益,还能满足人们的亲绿需求,是人与自然沟通的桥梁。宜居城市的绿化要求足够的绿化面积,合理的绿地空间布局,科学、高效的绿化内部结构以及能够让人感到身心舒适的绿化感官效果。宜居城市绿化的最高目标是达到人与自然和谐共生的美妙境界。       

河谷型宜居城市发展战略——以新疆伊宁市为例

通过对河谷型城市资源特色的分析,梳理河谷型城市的典型特征和城市建设目前亟待解决的问题,提出打造河谷型宜居城市的4大发展战略,并以伊宁市为例探讨建设河谷型宜居城市的首要方向和重要措施,以实证的方式分析说明打造河谷型宜居城市的必要性和重要的建设战略。       

广州“绿色亚运”增绿行动计划总体构思

文章分析了广州市增绿行动计划的城市森林建设的特征,并在总结国内外建设经验的基础上,分析了增绿计划的理念、目标、总体框架,为广州市打造宜居城市提供理论支持。       

城市森林是赤峰市中心城市可持续发展最有生命力的基础建设

文章从推进城市可持续发展、建设宜居城市和提高城市综合竞争力等方面,论述了城市森林在城市基础建设中所具有的重要性,提出了城市森林建设应注重的问题。       

建三江城市绿地系统规划研究

文章通过对建三江城区绿化现状与问题进行分析,结合现状基础条件和区域环境资源现状,深入研究规划布局结构,通过"林、水、绿"三大要素的合理组织,形成"一廊、两环、三楔及绿化网络结构"的绿色生态格局,促进生态宜居城市建设与城市的科学发展。       

滨水景观中历史遗迹保护与开发——以福建省沙县沙溪两岸绿地景观改造为例

现阶段滨水景观建设出现了城市开发建设和环境保护之间的矛盾,在宜居城市建设理念已被广泛接受的今天,如何延续历史遗迹,科学合理的塑造滨水景观已成为许多人关注的问题,文章以福建省沙县沙溪北岸绿地景观设计为例,就如何从人文理念和生态城市理念两方面进行分析,为历史遗迹的合理利用做有益的尝试。       

哈尔滨市绿化树种生态功能研究(1)

文章以哈尔滨市绿化树种为研究点,从绿化树种的叶面积指数、固碳释氧、降温增湿等方面研究了49种生长良好的绿化树种的生态功能,通过研究得到银中杨、榆树、糖槭、杜松、野梨是平均叶面积指数前5位的乔木树种,珍珠梅、接骨木、绣线菊、金银忍冬、天目琼花是平均叶面积指数前5位的灌木树种;榆树、文冠果、火炬树、糖槭、银中杨为年固碳释氧量前5位的乔木树种,黄刺玫、紫丁香、接骨木、树锦鸡儿、榆叶梅为年固碳释氧量前5位的灌木树种;年释水量前5位的乔木树种是文冠果、银中杨、火炬树、榆树、山丁子,年释水量前5位的灌木树种是绣线菊、黄刺玫、毛樱桃、珍珠梅、榆叶梅。       

城镇园林绿化优良树种——仪花

仪花(Lysidice rhodostegia Hance)又名麻扎木、假格木、单刀根、麦粒(壮语)、红花树;苏木科,仪花属,常绿大乔木,树高达20m,胸径50cm;主要分布于我国云南、贵州、海南、广东、广西和台湾等省区。       

日本环境及林业建设启示录

为了加强中国和日本两国青年的交流,作者应邀随团于2006年8月23日~9月14日赴日访问。考察了东京足立垃圾处理场、有明水处理中心、产业技术综合研究所、农业研究所、以及森林研究所;参观了南波公园立体绿化、屋顶绿化、港口环境建设、世博公园、关西机场二期工程、柴岛净水厂、关西电力及三得利工厂等。       

不同类型城市绿地空气质量研究

为合理规划城市绿地,有益于人们户外活动,研究了不同类型城市绿地空气负离子浓度的日变化,不同类型城市绿地空气负离子浓度、温度、湿度、可吸入颗粒物、氮氧化物、二氧化硫、噪声的差异。结果表明:空气负离子浓度日变化均较明显,不同类型绿地空气负离子浓度、温度、湿度存在显著差异,生物群落越丰富、树龄越大、植被郁闭度越高则空气负离子浓度、湿度越高,温度越低;由枝叶茂盛的高大乔木组成的林地,其空气负离子水平和空气质量较好。空气可吸入颗粒物、氮氧化物、二氧化硫及噪声污染与植被有一定的相关性,相关关系不显著。       

赤峰市森林城市建设理念

文章从赤峰市自然环境特点和历史文化背景,结合城市发展的需求,提出了"龙乡山水林城,塞外宜居赤峰"的森林城市建设理念。通过创建森林城市,努力使赤峰成为"森林进城、车行林中、人走树下、出门见绿、林水相依"的自然山水城市。       

森林意象中的故园情结

在森林审美中,故园故乡的主题徘徊不断,且透出忧伤和美丽。而在这种乡思乡愁的背后,则是集体潜意识,乡愁意识、女性意识、生态意识在驱动。文章以古典诗词为例,分析森林意象中故园情结的复杂性。       

Role of homestead forests in household economy and factors affecting forest production: a case study in southwest Bangladesh

Empirical information regarding the role of homestead forests in household economy is essential in understanding the importance of these resources. Identification of the factors that affect homestead forest production and understanding forest owners' attitudes toward key forest management issues have great significance in making appropriate policy responses to manage these resources on a sustainable basis. In Bangladesh, homestead forests are claimed to play an important economic role in rural livelihoods, but no reliable quantitative information exists. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of homestead forests in the household economy, examine if forest production and income vary across landholding size classes, to explore the relationships of homestead forest production with species richness, education level, and household size, and to assess the attitude of homestead forest owners toward key forest management issues. Results show that homestead forests contribute 15.9% of the household income and generate 51.4 man-days of employment per household per year. Production of homestead forests significantly varies across landholding size classes. It was observed that forest production depends significantly on species richness of homestead forests and the education level of forest owners. However, no such relationship was found between forest production and household size. The study revealed that farming families depend more on forest income than nonfarming families. Attitudes of forest owners toward key forest management issues differ significantly across landholding size classes. For example, although the majority of the forest owners prefer fruit species to timber species, the percentage of respondents decreased as the landholding size class increased, while the opposite trend was observed for timber species. The findings of this study suggest that diversification of forests and extension of education amongst forest owners would improve forest production. Furthermore, forest policy should address the concerns of the forest owners in different landholding classes and focus on their specific requirements to enhance sustainable forest management.     

仙桃市园林树种规划

城市园林树种规划是城市园林景观规划的核心,树种选择好坏直接影响到城市的园林特色。笔者旨在对湖北省直管县级市仙桃市园林树种进行调查,分析城市园林树种现状,进行仙桃城市园林树种规划,并提出相关建议,为现代生态园林建设提供依据。     

Understanding why farmers plant trees in the homestead agroforestry in Bangladesh

Because trees cover only 6.4% of the total land area of Bangladesh, while agricultural expansion continues to massively deplete the natural forests, a well-managed homestead forestry practice is vital for reversing the existing trend and promoting the ecological balance of the country. An understanding of the decision-making process of the farmers who practice homestead forestry is important in expanding and improving the practice. This paper seeks to characterize and analyze factors influencing farmers' decisions about tree planting. Logistic and multiple regression analyses were applied to determine the factors that influence the farmers' tree-planting decisions. The analyses demonstrate a number of important conclusions: (i) tree-planting increases with the amount of homestead land owned; (ii) farmers whose main source of income is non-agricultural are more likely to decide to plant trees in the homestead; (iii) purchasing cost of fuelwood has a positive influence on tree-planting decisions; (iv) number of male family member has a positive influence on farmers' tree-planting decisions; and (v) knowledge of the activities of the forestry extension programs has a positive influence on tree-planting decisions. The results of the study demonstrate that, in recent years, farmers' decisions of whether or not to plant trees have been based primarily on economic rather than ecological concerns. It is concluded that there is substantial potential for the improvement of homestead forestry, and that properly managed homestead forestry can alleviate the poverty of rural people by increasing overall household income. To this end, it is suggested that forestry extension workers work more closely with the local people in order to implement homestead forestry.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Homestead forest resources and their role in household economy: A case study in the villages of Gazipur Sadar Upazila of central Bangladesh

This study examines the species composition, diversity and economic importance of homestead forests in the household economy of central Bangladesh. The study documents 57 homestead forest species and their main usage in 90 households across three villages of Gazipur Sadar Upazila. Homestead forests in Bangladesh comprise a mixture of fruit, timber and bamboo species. While superficially homestead forestry appears unimportant in rural livelihoods, in reality the contribution is huge, both as a source of food security and for other necessary household materials. A clear understanding of the physical characteristics and economic role of homestead forests in rural livelihoods is vital for ensuring sustainable resource management. Income and production of homestead forestry on a per hectare basis are found to vary widely between landholding size classes. Significant relationships are identified between forest performance (production and income) and species richness and education level. Homestead forestry appears to be a potential subsistence income generating land-use practice in the study area. The economic scope of homestead forestry can be further enhanced provided the appropriate species composition of the forest is achieved and the education of forest owners is ensured through targeted management and policy interventions.     

Economic dependence of rural people on homestead forestry in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Homestead forests contribute substantially to the rural economy of Bangladesh. Rural people depend on trees and plants for their energy usage, housing, food and other forms of subsistence livelihood. In order to identify the potential role of forests on homestead dwellers, an empirical field investigation was conducted in the four Upazilas of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. It was found that land holdings of the respondents within the four sites are the highest in Mymensingh. The study made an important observation that among all homestead vegetation between 5–6 years old, tree species are generally preferred over plants. This is perhaps due to the efforts of the social forestry extension service to demonstrate that planting trees is an important long-term investment. In all four Upazilas, there was a significant correlation between household annual income and homestead forestry, agriculture and fisheries practice, suggesting that higher income families tend to have larger holdings of homesteads, farms and pond areas. Three Upazilas displayed a strong positive relationship (nearly 45%) between homestead forest areas and annual family income; however, the Fulbaria Upazila showed a very poor relationship (0.2%) in this regard. The results of this study suggest that homestead forests play a positive role in the rural economy, in addition to helping mitigate the increasing problem of deforestation in Bangladesh.     

谈花园城市的建设

花园城市的建设应在生态园林城市的基础上，将高品位的城市总体规划和高标准的城市绿地规划同步，把精湛的城市园林绿化设计与高质量的城市绿地建设施工和精细的养护管理相结合，才能收到立竿见影的效果。     

Species Composition,Diversity and Productivity of Homesteads in Southeastern Bangladesh

A homestead is an integrated production system where trees, crops, livestock and poultry are found in and around the household residence in Bangladesh. It is a potential production unit that provides various product, service and ecological functions. Almost all people in Bangladesh including landless households have homesteads in which they grow trees and crops even in a small piece of land. This study characterizes the species composition, diversity and productivity of the homestead production system in the Teknaf peninsula, southeastern Bangladesh. Survey data collection was from a total of 180 homesteads covering five household categories: large, medium, small, marginal and landless. Vegetable, fruit, timber, and livestock and poultry were common components in the homestead production system. Various types of plants were mainly concentrated in back yards, front yards, boundaries and corners of homesteads. The mean number of tree species per homestead was about 15. In total, 189 tree and shrub species were recorded, and were distinctly high and low in the large (363.7) and landless (55.7) household categories. Species composition, diversity and productivity of homesteads were found to be related to household categories. Richness and diversity of tree and shrub species increased with household size. Betel nut was the dominant tree species followed by mango, jackfruit and coconut. Annual income from homesteads also varied among the household categories, with a mean contribution of the homestead to annual income of about 25 %. A large portion of homestead income came from betel nut trees. There is scope to increase species diversity and income by designing homesteads with the engagement of women and other family members.     

改善福州城市生态与实现城区园林绿化的探讨

本文介绍城市生态系统的概念及其结构,并借鉴国内外发展“城市林业”经验,探讨福州城郊发展成片森林、建立绿色屏障和实现与城市人口、建设相协调的城区园林绿化及应采取的技术与管理措施。