土地退化零增长概念框架及我国践行启示

联合国防治荒漠化公约（UNCCD）第12次缔约方会议（COP12）通过了土地退化零增长（LDN）定义,有助于实现联合国2030年可持续发展目标（SDG 15.3.1）。文中介绍了LDN概念和LDN 5大模块（愿景目标、参考基准、平衡机制、干预措施和监测指标）的构成,综述了LDN的世界应用进展,提出了我国应用LDN概念框架进行可持续土地管理的启示。     

英国森林资源管理有关情况及借鉴

介绍了英国森林资源管理有关情况,借鉴英国森林资源管理的经验,结合我国的国情林情,提出了在我国森林资源经管理工作中应强化全民森林保护和生态意识;尽早制定可操作性强的林地使用规划;强化林地管理加强森林经营方案编制和执行力度;重视林业的生态效益,加大生态林业的政策倾斜和扶持;加快林业分类经营步伐;推动我国森林认证工作开展。     

恢复生态学研究与应用浅析

恢复生态学是当前国内外生态学研究的热点和国际前沿学科之一。也是现代生态学的较为年轻的分支学科之一。恢复生态学是研究生态系统退化原因、退化生态系统恢复与重建的技术与方法、生态学过程与机理的科学。主要介绍了恢复生态学的概念、研究对象和内容、理论基础以及技术和方法。列举了它在防护林、弃耕地、矿山废弃地、河流生态系统中几个具体的实例应用。阐述了恢复生态学在国外的发展历程和发展趋势以及不同时期的特征。简单概括了目前我国在恢复生态学方面的进展,并作了进一步的展望。     

林地地籍管理的推进与创新

林地是最重要的森林资源。林地管理必须以地籍管理为基础。本文探讨了林地地籍管理的特征和沿革,分析了当前我国林地地籍管理存在的主要问题,提出了建立林地地籍管理理论、方法与手段的构想。     

气候变化背景下干旱生态系统土地退化防治

气候变化是当今全球陆地生态系统所面临的最大胁迫因素。探讨气候变化背景下干旱生态系统土地退化防治, 增强减缓和适应气候变化的能力, 逐步恢复土地生态系统原先所具有的综合生产潜力, 是亟待解决的重要课题。文中分析了气候变化对干旱生态系统土地退化的影响, 从综合生态系统管理的视角, 探讨了保护与恢复森林、草地、农田生态系统以增强应对气候变化的能力以及改善民生的途径, 以期为全球气候变化背景下土地退化防治和干旱生态系统可持续管理提供新的思路。     

“A Privilege and a Challenge”: Valuation of Heirs’ Property by African American Landowners and Implications for Forest Management in the Southeastern U.S.

African Americans have historically struggled to retain land that has been held in their families for generations as heirs’ property, or land held collectively by heirs of the original owners without clear title. Ethnographic interviews with sixty landholding African American families in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Alabama reveal the cultural meanings associated with family land, forestland in particular, and the role of heirs’ property in inhibiting forest management, including the threat of land loss, intra-family conflict, and legal limitations on forestry activities. The majority of interviewees have a strong desire to pass family land on to their heirs, but they also need the land to be economically productive. Sustainable forest management offers both an incentive to obtain clear title to heirs’ property land and a means of paying property taxes and generating intergenerational wealth within families. The U.S. Endowment for Forestry and Communities is currently collaborating with local institutions in several states in an innovative program designed to help African American landowners navigate the legal system in order to obtain clear title and provide educational workshops about the financial and ecological benefits of sustainable forestry as well as site visits by consulting foresters. Analysis of the situations faced by African Americans with heirs’ property adds to the diversity of our understandings of the complex relationships between land tenure and forestry, with potential application for other minority communities in the U.S. and elsewhere.     

非林地森林资源的调查统计与管理问题探讨

提出非林地森林资源的概念，设计了调查统计方法．区分林地森林资源与非林地森林资源有利于林地的管理和森林资源的分类管理，使管理更科学，更符合实际，建议对林地森林资源与非林地森林资源在管理上区别对待．     

Ecological control of forest pest： a new strategy for forest pest control

In comparison with integrated pest management and chemical control, the authors put forward a new strategy of forest pest control, named ecological control of forest pest （ECFP）. This paper reviewed the development history, summarized the concept and principles of ECFP, discussed the technology and methods of ECFP, and evaluated the ECFP and its application conditions.     

两种常见林地有偿使用方式对森林经营的影响分析

以福建南平一般杉木中指数中径材经营类型生长指标结合现行市场有关技术经济指标,对林地拍卖与逐年支付地租两种常见林地有偿使用方式对森林资源资产经营的影响进行分析,为林地经营权所有者与林地使用者进行森林资源资产经营提供借鉴。     

Study on Cultivation Nutrition of Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations with Multi-generation Management

Based on the previous study on cultivation nutrition of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations of first generation, the cultivation nutrition of C. lanceolata plantations with multi-generation was studied. The results show that there are significant differences in the growth, development and nutrient assimilation among C. lanceolata plantations with different generations and nutrition conditions. These differences are closely related to the land fertility decline of C. lanceolata plantations. This paper demonstrates the mechanism of land fertility decline caused by successively planted C. lanceolata plantations, and provides the directions to work out proper nurture practices and management measures to keep land fertility from declining.     

森林生态系统适应性经营研究

介绍适应性管理的概念及其理论与应用现状,在此基础上,提出了森林生态系统适应性经营的概念,并结合适应性管理的框架,提出了森林适应性经营的思路.阐述了适应性管理在理论与实践中存在的问题和难点,认为森林生态系统适应性经营是一个长期的不断循环的过程,根据森林生态系统的自适应性和多功能性,通过监测与评估,不断收集新信息,及时调整经营措施等是森林适应性经营的重要内容.     

“现代林业”的内涵及特征——兼论“山东省现代林业发展战略研究与规划”

现代林业是用科学发展观指导林业;用现代科学技术提升林业;用现代物质条件装备林业;培育新型务林人推进林业;提高林地产出率、资源利用率和劳动生产率,提高林业发展的质量、素质和效益。作者对现代林业的历史、内涵、特征和基本理论进行了评述。现代林业的基本理论包括：木材培育论或森林永续经营理论;近自然林业论;新林业理论;林业分工论;生态林业理论和森林可持续经营理论。作者建议：起草“山东省现代林业发展战略研究与规划”;借鉴“近自然林业”的森林培育理念与方法;处理好永续利用与分类经营的关系;选择适宜的现代林业发展模式;要明确现代林业空间布局、重点工程和保障措施,提出林权制度改革、生态补偿机制、科技创新体系等有针对性和可操作性的政策建议。     

Structuring a landscape by forestland classification and harvest scheduling spatial constraints

Landscape environmental features, such as disturbance susceptibility, biological diversity and aesthetics, depend on the forest spatial structure and on the characteristics of its component stands. Strategies for forestland classification are key for managing for spatial heterogeneity as they provide the setting for the layout of land use activities. The design of management units boundaries may further contribute to meet specific spatial conditions. In this paper, two alternative land-classification strategies are presented. They are applied to one test forest with about 12,000 ha. The forest management is constrained by the definition of an exclusion period — the minimum number of years between clearcuts of adjacent management units. Land transformation and fragmentation by harvest scheduling over a temporal horizon with eight ten-year periods is analyzed within the framework of each strategy. Landscape mosaics in each planning period are characterized by spatial statistics, such as the number of patches, average patch area, and the amount and type of edge and interior space. Results from three test computer runs are discussed. They show that land classification has a substantial impact on the spatial dynamics of the forested landscape. They further suggest that timber opportunity costs are not sensitive to the strategy used to classify the land as long as a scheduling model is used to help in management planning.     

德国鲁尔区工业废弃地生态治理经验及在唐山市中心区的应用

通过对德国鲁尔工业区采用生态技术治理工业废弃地的经验总结,结合唐山市南湖采煤沉陷区的生态恢复实例,分析探讨环境治理的生态理念和有效方法,为资源型城市向生态型城市转型提供参考。       

Tree gardening and taungya on Java: examples of agroforestry techniques in the humid tropics

Agroforestry is a general concept for a land management system combining trees and agricultural crops. For application, various specific techniques can be chosen. Each of these techniques is adjusted to a specific set of environmental as well as socio-economic factors. Agroforestry cultivators or managers belonging to varying social strata and institutional groupings may practice different forms of agroforestry, even within the same general region. This is demonstrated on the basis of two contrasting types of agroforestry which are found on the Indonesian island of Java. Tree gardening or the cultivation of a wide variety of crops in a multiple-storeyed agroforestry system is an indegenous practice on private lands, while taungya or the intercropping of young tree plantations with staple crops is practiced on state forest lands. Both systems are described as to their management characteristics, past development as well as possibilities and constraints for further development. These two practices are then compared as to various attributes, like producer group, production purpose, area of cultivation, land ownership situation, structural organization of crop combinations, possibilities for improved cultivation techniques, and suitability for application in rural development for specific target groups.This paper is a slightly revised version of a contribution to a lecture series on agro-forestry organized by the Departments of Forestry, Wageningen University.     

广东林业生态建设与社会经济可持续发展

文章针对当前我省林业生态建设的实际需要,根据社区对林业的不同需求,从林业可持续经营的原则出发,探索了旨在提高生态和经济效益的林业经营方法和可持续发展经营模式。     

关于黑龙江省造林绿化信息系统的研究

本文论述了退耕还林管理信息系统应用软件的研制及主要功能、特点。该软件主要为黑龙江省各级林业部门提供有关退耕还林管理的辅助决策服务;它是集地理信息、管理信息、资源信息、动态信息于一体的应用软件。     

全生态经营模式的可行性与局限性

在《林果业可持续发展的新模式——全生态经营》一文的基础上进一步阐释了全生态经营的概念,从多个角度对全生态经营模式的理论可行性和现实局限性进行了研究,并结合《可持续发展的科学性及其对文化保守主义批判》一文,在肯定全生态经营发展模式理念的同时也对该模式存在的问题进行了探讨,并提出相应的解决思路。