基于地形梯度的陕西省土地利用变化研究

笔者利用2000、2010 年土地利用现状和DEM数据,基于地形位梯度指数、分布指数和土地利用程度综合指数等,探讨了陕西省土地利用分布变化的地形梯度特征。研究结果表明：陕西省土地利用现状以林地、耕地和草地为主,三者土地面积占区域总面积的95%以上;2000—2010 年土地利用变化特征是耕地面积逐渐降低,大量耕地退耕为草地(3761.33 km2)和林地(1198.61 km2),而建设用地面积明显增加,主要源于对耕地(729.66 km2)和草地(225.86 km2)的侵占;土地利用类型在地形位梯度上的变化特征是随着地形位的增高,草地、耕地、园地、水域、建设用地和未利用土地的分布指数逐渐降低,而林地与之相反。土地利用程度显示,在地形位指数较低的区域土地利用程度较高,土地利用类型转换剧烈,而随着地形位指数增高土地利用程度随之降低。     

基于VRML的虚拟园林设计要素构建

虚拟现实技术应用于园林设计,可利用动态和交互方式对未来的园林进行身临其境的全方位审视,可达到传统的园林效果图所无法达到的效果,然而目前虚拟技术在园林中的应用比较少。笔者基于VRML技术对园林设计要素的（植物、建筑、地形和水体）构建进行探索,实现了园林设计四大要素的三维模型构建和互联网上的漫游与交互功能。研究表明基于VRML构建园林设计要素的方法是行之有效的,而且效果比较好。     

重庆市RDLS与人居环境地形适宜性评价

“重庆五大功能区”范围的确定,人口因素是不得不考虑的。从地形起伏度方面探索人口分布的规律,进一步佐证重庆市五大功能区划分的科学性。采用重庆市1:250000 DEM数据、2010年分县人口数据,以Arcgis9.3为基础软件,运用邻域分析的方法,计算出了栅格格式的RDLS,单元大小为1 km。RDLS的空间地理规律以及它和人口地理分布的关系,主要从地理空间、构成状况和海拔高度等方面考虑。分析显示：RDLS值主要集中在中低值,RDLS值小于1.5的区域占重庆市总面积的78.82%,累积人口数量占总人口数量的66.37%;RDLS值较高的地区主要集中于渝东北生态涵养发展区和渝东南生态保护发展区;海拔与RDLS呈现出正相关;RDLS曲线和人口密度曲线呈现出高拟合度,通过以RDLS为主要考虑因素,对重庆市地形适宜性做出了评价。

     

基于二维小波分析的丘陵山区景观特征尺度识别

以胶东半岛具有典型山地丘陵特征的栖霞市为例,选取A、B、C、D、E 5个代表性研究样区,用归一化植被指数（NDVI）和地形位指数作为植被和地形景观变量,分别应用sym2和Haar小波基,探讨二维小波分析在景观特征尺度识别中的有效性。结果表明：经小波变换,5个样区的景观图像表现出不同尺度和方向的结构特征,NDVI检测出农村居民点、工业用地的典型长宽尺度以及农田景观粒径;地形位指数检测出山体坡长和山脊线之间的距离;在景观相对破碎的B、C样区,小波方差变化幅度大于A、D、E样区,在地形起伏大的E样区,小波方差变化幅度大于A、B、C、D样区;经多尺度特征检验,栖霞山区景观最典型的特征尺度出现在3200 m和6400 m。研究结果为山区景观格局分析和土地利用提供科学依据。     

福建省土地利用格局的地形梯度效应分析

为揭示福建省土地利用格局沿地形梯度时空演变特征及规律,以2000、2010、2018年3期土地利用数据和数字高程模型(DEM)数据为数据源,通过土地利用变化图谱、地形位指数、分布指数和景观格局指数等方法,分析研究区景观图谱的地形梯度变化特征,探讨土地利用格局的地形梯度效应及其成因。结果表明：2000—2018年,福建省的主要景观类型为林地、耕地和草地,其中林地和草地主要分布于高等级地形位,耕地主要集中于低等级地形位;研究期间,耕地面积以年均89 km²不断缩减,主要转向建设用地,建设用地面积以年均145 km²不断增加;景观变化图谱以稳定型为主,占比约94%,对应的分布指数随着地形位梯度的增加而增加,而其他图谱类型与其相反;景观多样性和景观异质性等景观属性在时间尺度上逐年上升,在空间尺度上随地形梯度增加呈下降趋势。该研究为城市化过程中的景观格局空间优化布局和土地资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据。     

Dynamic characteristic analysis of an all terrain vehicle body

The body is a key part of all terrain vehicles (ATV). Its dynamic characteristics greatly effect the vibration of the ATV assembly. Simulation and experimental methods are combined to analyze ATV body vibration characteristics. A computer aided design(CAD) model is built using UG4.0. A finite element method(FEM) model of an ATV body and a body with an engine are created using Hypermesh. The FEM model is imported to Msc.Nastran to calculate the free mode. The simulation model is verified by the experimental modal result. The results indicate that after the frame with engine, the first bending mode increases due to the engine increasing the body stiffness, while the first torsion mode decreases due to the engine mass. The effects on the dynamic response of the road and engine excitation are analyzed respectively. Vibration characteristic improvement methods and suggestions regarding the body are provided.     

不同地形条件下海南省胶园土壤肥力特性初探

本文根据坡度和地势强度的变化把地形分为8种不同的类别,然后,分析了海南省胶园土壤肥力特性在不同地形条件下的变化。研究结果表明,在不同地形条件下,胶园土壤PH、有机质、土壤氮素、土壤磷素、土壤钾素存在一定程度的差异,但总体上,地形条件的变化与土壤各性质之间的变化并没有明显的线性关系。     

Quantitative evaluation of all terrain vehicle mobile platform vibration

对3种气调保鲜箱贮藏环境的气体成分变化及对杨梅保鲜效果进行了研究.试验结果表明,在0℃冷藏条件下,使用气调保鲜箱杨梅适宜贮藏时间为20天,保鲜效果明显好于对照;气调箱-2效果最好.气调箱-2在贮藏6天时O2、CO2含量达到平衡;在贮藏12～15天时CO2含量达到峰值20.65%,O2含量接近2%,该环境条件有利于杨梅贮藏保鲜.     

Analysis of cross-plane electrode arrays for electrical impedance tomography

A cross-plane electrical impedance tomography system is constructed to solve the problem of the conventional planar electrode array. This system consists of four planar and eight axial cross imaging planes composing from 65 electrodes. The Tikhonov regularization algorithm is adopted for image reconstruction in simulation and flume experiment. Comparison between the reconstruction result and the original object shows that the cross-plane reconstruction method in three-dimensional space provides higher spatial resolution and position accuracy. In addition, it effectively reduces the amount of computation, and reveals great prospect for the application of clinical examination and monitoring.     

Analysis of wind load spectrum of super tall buildings with round section in hilly terrain wind field

In order to get wind load and wind induced response of super tall buildings in hilly terrain wind field, effect of changing of turbulent intensity on wind loads must be known. 4 kinds of turbulent wind field are simulated, and 3 super tall building models with round section of different aspect ratio are manufactured. Effects of turbulent intensity, aspect ratio and layer height on along-wind and across-wind load are discussed. Different models are used in fitting of wind load spectrum on each direction. Parameters of load spectrum models are secondary fitted based on turbulent intensity and aspect ratio. Mathematical models of wind load spectrum of super tall buildings with round section in hilly terrain are preliminarily established. At last, an example is provided. According to vertical profile of mean velocity, turbulent intensity and mathematical model of wind load spectrum, wind induced dynamic response of super tall buildings in hilly terrain and flat terrain are compared.     

三维模型与空间分析在丘陵山区土地整理工程布局中的应用

摘 要：受复杂多变的地形地貌影响和制约,目前我国丘陵山区土地整理项目工程布局的科学性与合理性难以得到保证。本文以长阳土家族自治县土地整理项目为例,借助计算机软件强大的三维建模与空间分析功能,对项目区地形进行三维模拟,通过空间分析绘制项目区剖分坡度分级图,在此基础上对项目区工程布局进行科学论证分析并提出合理化建议。研究结果表明,借助计算机软件的三维空间分析功能,可以有效提高丘陵山区土地整理工程设计精度和工作效率,促使土地整理工作整体科技水平的提升。     

Computer simulation of all terrain vehicle vibration performance

In order to assess the vibration performance of all terrain vehicles, a half vehicle model with 10 degrees of freedom was built. The model was solved using the time domain method. Road surface irregularity excites the model and was generated by a trigonometric function. Based on this model, the beaming of the frame was analyzed. The results show that the first beaming and second beaming influence the vibration significantly. As a result, a half vehicle model that includes the first two beamings of the frame can satisfy the vehicle vibration analysis precision requirements. Driver ride quality was evaluated according to ISO2631 1.     

上海世博会绿地后续利用研究

上海世博会绿地后续利用是上海世博会场地后续利用的重要组成部分,对上海世博会场地的后续利用能否取得成功意义重大。在借鉴往届世博会绿地后续利用成功经验的基础上,提出上海世博会绿地后续利用的3种模式（保留、更新和拆除）,并从世博会园区绿地系统规划、具体绿地规划与绿地详细设计3个层面阐述实现上海世博会绿地会间和会后功能转换的途径,以实现上海世博会绿地的后续利用。     

Suitability Analysis for System Planning of City Open Space

This paper introduced the suitability analysis method of landscape planning,and its application to the planning of open space system for Beihai City,Guangxi.Finally some problems for its application in practice and faculty for their solution were given.     

Artistic Space Design of Subway Station Based on Regional Characteristics

On the basis of existing problems in the spatial design of subway station, this paper explored the principles that regional culture involves in the artistic space design of subway station; based on the analysis of three main design sections and site cases-spatial interface, public art and color, the paper also discussed the artistic application and design embodiment of regional culture characteristics reflected in every element of subway station space design, so as to provide a consolidated design example for subway station space design featuring regional characteristics in the future.     

GIS技术在农业规划畜牧场选址中的应用

畜牧场选址是一项受多方面因素制约的工作。在利用GIS技术以前,畜牧场选址工作是需要多部门共同协作,进行实地调查,得到可以建设畜牧场的地块。不仅费力费时,而且无法准确评估防疫等各个方面的影响因素。笔者在概述地理信息系统在农业各领域应用的基础上,以吉林省永吉县中国-新加坡食品控制区为例,重点体现了GIS技术在畜牧场选址中的应用。利用GIS技术将规划区域的各种地物信息、交通信息、地形信息等有机结合,将图片资料以图形化方式转换为空间数据,并与其他非空间数据、资料等有机结合。结果表明：通过GIS技术可以使畜牧业规划在区域布局上更为合理;产业选择上更为科学、提高重点项目的可操作性,提升规划的可行性。在畜牧产业中,提高畜牧场选址的工作效率和准确度,同时更准确的了解规划区域的畜牧生产潜力,确定养殖规模和不同畜种发展方向。     

2015年秋季台风“彩虹”暴雨诊断分析

为了探讨2015年秋台风“彩虹”造成广西特大暴雨,导致晚稻严重失收的成因,本研究利用区域中尺度自动气象站资料、常规地面站雨量观测资料和NCEP逐6小时客观分析资料（分辨率1°×1°,垂直方向26层）,采用天气学诊断分析方法,对“彩虹”台风进行综合分析,结果表明：台风“彩虹”在副高引导下,沿590 dagpm线边缘向西北方向移动,并在近海加强,后期环流形势及地形条件有利台风强降水发生;第一阶段强降水基于台风本体及其不对称性结构,雨量集中在台风东侧急流辐合区内。第二阶段降水基于停编后台风残涡与高空槽、地面辐合线、季风急流和冷空气等相互作用而产生,雨量集中在东部南北向辐合区内;通过改变区域内地形高度设计的一组敏感性实验,研究了大容山和圣堂山两个暴雨中心的地形抬升作用,结果表明地形抬升作用对台风“彩虹”特大暴雨有显著的增幅作用;台风“彩虹”特大暴雨,导致东南部发生严重渍涝,是晚稻严重失收的重要原因。     

基于三维绿量的城市绿地生态效益评价综述

绿量是定量化研究城市绿地生态效益的重要指标,它更加准确的反映了植物的冠层结构,并且大大增强了城市绿地建设的科学性和可靠性,为合理配置园林植物、改善绿量结构以及城市绿地规划提供重要依据。因此,三维绿量的研究意义重大。通过对近年来绿量及城市生态效益的研究进展做了阐述,并针对中国今后量化生态效益产生的问题及研究趋势进行了讨论。最后指出完善三维绿量的测算方法、构建城市绿地生态效益评价模型是未来量化生态效益的研究重点。     

Improved marching cubes by combining case lookup table and adjacency lookup sub-table

The marching cubes (MC) is an effective surface rendering method in three-dimensional visualization for medical image sequence. However, most existing MC algorithms are slow and inefficient because they have to process all the cubes for isosurface extraction. An efficient MC algorithm is proposed by combing the case lookup table and a novel adjacent lookup sub-table to exclude unrelated empty cubes. By explicitly building the fix-length adjacent lookup sub-table that is independent on image sequences, the volumes elements are constrained to those only intersect with the isosurface. Both execution time and temporary storage space are further reduced by incorporating the heap data structure in algorithmic implementation. Experimental results on human head, chest foot CT data sets by using the visualization toolkit package show that the traversal cubes decreases by 95%, and the reconstruction time decreases by 20% without any loss of reconstruction quality. Therefore, the proposed method can remarkably speed up the rendering time and be easily integrated into 3D visualization for clinical application.     

AN IMPROVED MIXED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD OF ANALYZING THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELASTIC CONTACT PROBLEMS

This paper presents an improved mixed finite element method of analyzing elastic contact problems, in which a new numerical algorithm is developed to calculate the flexibility matrix of the contact region. With this method the contact problem of two teeth-engaging is initially solved as a three-dimensional elastic finite element analgsis, In comparison with mixed fimte element method, the improved mixed finite element method is much more efficiency in solving contact problems.