药用植物田基黄的组织培养与快速繁殖

以田基黄为材料,应用组织培养和快速繁殖技术,对适于活血丹增殖分化的培养基、培养方式进行了系统的研究。试验是以田基黄的茎尖为外植体,采用MS为基本培养基,附加不同植物生长调节剂进行试验;结果表明采用MS＋6-BA3.0mg/L的培养基能成功地诱导愈伤组织的分化;MS＋6-BA2mg/L＋NAA0.5mg/L能成功地诱导芽的分化,对于芽增殖,以此培养基也比较好;诱导生根以1/2MS＋NAA0.2mg/L培养基较好,培养20d后生根率可达90%以上。     

小盐芥下胚轴再生体系的建立

以小盐芥下胚轴为外植体,研究了不同激素与不同浓度组合对愈伤诱导和不定芽分化的影响。结果表明,MS 6-BA 2,4-D组合能诱导出愈伤,诱导率为100%。MS 6-BA NAA组合既能诱导出愈伤又能分化不定芽,愈伤诱导率为100%,激素不同浓度不定芽分化率不同,最佳分化培养基为MS 2.5mg/L 6-BA 0.1mg/L NAA,不定芽分化率为43%。生根培养基为1/2MS,生根率为74%。     

番茄子叶和下胚轴离体再生体系建立

以番茄无菌苗子叶和下胚轴为外植体,研究其在MS附加不同浓度6－BA和NAA的培养基上的分化情况。结果表明：在不同培养基上,番茄子叶和下胚轴均能诱导出淡绿色的愈伤组织和分化形成不定芽,但在不同的培养基上,番茄子叶和下胚轴的出愈率和不定芽诱导存在明显差别。诱导番茄愈伤组织形成和芽分化的最佳培养基分别为：MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+IAA 0.2 mg/L和MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+IAA 0.02 mg/L,番茄不定芽生根培养基为：MS+IAA0.2 mg/L。     

泽林考兰薄层细胞的再生体系

为建立泽林考兰薄层细胞的再生体系,以其试管苗茎尖薄层细胞为外植体,研究了不同激素浓度配比对其类原球茎诱导、增殖、分化及生根的影响。结果表明,茎尖薄层细胞在1/2MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+TDZ2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L培养基上的类原球茎的诱导率最高,达53.3%;类原球茎在1/2MS+6-BA 2.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基上培养40 d后,增殖系数为9.6,类原球茎在1/2MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.15 mg/L培养基上培养40 d后分化出小苗,分化率为89.7%;小苗在1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+AC 0.5 g/L培养基上生根培养40 d后,生根率达94.2%;小苗驯化移栽成活率达90%以上,长势良好。本研究通过以泽林考兰试管苗茎尖薄层细胞为外植体诱导出类原球茎,建立了泽林考兰薄层细胞再生体系,为泽林考兰试管苗产业化生产提供了新的途径。     

薄荷离体培养及植株再生的研究

以薄荷茎段为外植体,研究了不同植物激素对薄荷愈伤组织的诱导及其增殖、不定芽分化和诱导生根的影响。结果表明,愈伤诱导最适培养基为MS 6-BA1.5mg/L 2,4-D0.5mg/L NAA0.5mg/L,其愈伤组织生长良好;最佳愈伤增殖培养基为MS NAA1.0mg/L或MS IAA2.0mg/L,其褐化率均较低;最佳诱导分化培养基为MS 6-BA2.0mg/L NAA0.1mg/L,分化率达77%;生根培养基为1/2MS NAA2.0mg/L,且根较为粗壮。     

新疆大叶紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa.L)子叶、下胚轴、根的植株再生

随着植物抗逆性研究和植物转基因技术的发展，通过异源目的基因转化培育耐盐碱苜蓿品种的研究已引起人们的关注，植物受体高频再生体系的建立是异源转化高效的基础。选取新疆大叶紫花苜蓿种子萌发5~7d无菌苗的子叶、下胚轴及根为外植体，诱导愈伤培养基为MS+2,4-D 0.1~3.0 mg/L(8种不同水平)或MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+ KT 0.01~0.5 mg/L(10种不同水平)，诱导芽培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 0.05 mg/L，生根培养基为MS。结果表明，外植体在MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+ KT 0.2 mg/L培养基中能够产生状态较好可再分化的愈伤组织，子叶、下胚轴、根的平均出愈率分别为93.1%、100%、100%。愈伤组织在MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 0.05 mg/L培养基中培养40~80d中均可分化芽，子叶、下胚轴、根的芽平均分化率为50%、78%、50%，将2 cm以上的芽转入MS培养基中诱导生根，14d后，生根的小植株炼苗移入花土中，成活率达90%以上。子叶、下胚轴、根在该体系中均能获得再生植株，根也是一种较好的植株再生材料，以根为外植体进行植株再生的研究报道还较少。     

不同培养基成分对铁皮石斛组织培养的影响

以铁皮石斛无菌苗的茎段作为外植体,讨论MS培养基中添加不同浓度的激素对铁皮石斛的诱导、增殖、分化以及生根的影响。结果表明：最适合铁皮石斛原球茎诱导的培养基为MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 1.5 mg/L,原球茎诱导率为95%;最适合原球茎增殖的培养基为MS+ 6-BA 1 mg/L+ NAA 1 mg/L;最适合原球茎分化的培养基为MS+ 6-BA 5 mg/L+ NAA 1 mg/L,其分化率达80%;最适合铁皮石斛根诱导的培养基为MS+IBA 1.5 mg/L+香蕉泥100 g/L,其生根率为100%。     

马蹄金(Dichondra repens Forst.)组织培养和快速繁殖

为了探究马蹄金组织培养及快繁技术,本研究以马蹄金为材料,使用75%的酒精和10%NaClO对不同外植体(胚根,下胚轴,子叶)进行消毒处理,在不同激素浓度配比的MS培养基中进行丛生芽诱导、愈伤组织诱导及分化,成功建立了马蹄金的组培快繁体系。结果表明:利用马蹄金下胚轴为外植体直接诱导不定芽效果较好,其最适程序为:流水冲洗30 min+75%酒精30 s+10%NaClO 9 min,污染率为5%,成活率为75%;下胚轴不定芽诱导的最适培养基为MS+1 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L NAA,诱导率为93.55%,出芽指数为8.86;胚根愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+1 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,诱导率为100%,下胚轴愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+1 mg/L NAA,诱导率为95.24%,子叶愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+0.3 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,诱导率为100%;愈伤组织不定芽分化的最适培养基为1/2MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,芽诱导率为20%,平均芽数为12.83;组培苗诱导生根的最适培养基为不加激素的1/2MS培养基;生根苗以瓶盖全开的炼苗方式移栽到以河沙为基质的育苗盒中成活率为100%,且添加蒸馏水与自来水对植株生长并无明显影响。本研究成功建立了马蹄金组织培养与快繁体系,为马蹄金种质资源改良及优质种苗生产提供了技术参考。     

木蓝愈伤组织诱导与不定芽分化培养

初步建立了木蓝(Indigofera bungeana Walp.)的离体再生培养体系，为其基因工程育种研究提供前期技术参考。通过种子无菌播种技术获得野生木蓝无菌实生苗，以胚轴、茎段和叶片为外植体，筛选木蓝愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化、增殖、壮苗培养的最适培养基配方。结果显示，木蓝种子无菌播种发芽率达98%，最适培养基为1/2MS。3种外植体在不同培养基下均能诱导出愈伤组织，根据愈伤组织生长及质地色泽筛选出最适诱导培养基，其中，叶片为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L NAA；茎段为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L NAA；胚轴为MS+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L2,4-D+0.5 mg/L NAA。相比较叶片和茎段，胚轴来源的愈伤组织适于不定芽分化，最适分化培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L NAA和MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA。不定芽增殖培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA，壮苗和生根的最适...     

生姜组织培养中增殖与生根同步培养技术研究

对生姜组织培养快速繁殖技术进行了研究,建立了生姜试管苗增殖与生根同步培养技术规程.结果:在培养基MS 6-BA 2.0～3.0mg/L NAA 0.5～1.0mg/L上,可以实现生姜增殖与生根诱导同步进行,以MS 6-BA 3.0mg/L NAA 1.0mg/L为最佳培养基,继代繁殖周期为25～30d,繁殖系数7以上,生根诱导率达100%;培养20 d后,将试管苗移栽到菜园土:河沙=1:1的混合基质中,保湿培养,移栽成活率达96.4%.     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.