Heritabilities and genetic correlations in turnips (Brassica campestris L. var. rapa)

Summary Estimates of heritability for five root characters and genetic correlations between percent dry matter and each of the remaining characters were determined in a population of half-long purple top white turnips. Heritability was fairly high for difference in diameter between upper and lower root half, intermediate for percentage of dry matter and flatness of base, and low for length/width ratio and fresh root weight. There was a significant negative correlation between percent dry matter and fresh root weight. The prospects for further improvement of the species are discussed briefly.     

A comparison of diploid and tetraploid turnips (Brassica campestris SSP. Rapifera)

Summary Five lines of tetraploid turnips and their diploid progenitors were examined. Diallel crosses were made at each level of ploidy and trial results showed that in all cases the diploids outyielded their respective tetraploids for dry matter production.     

白菜型春油菜花芽分化研究

通过石蜡切片结合光学解剖镜观察分析,发现青海省小油菜(Brassica campestris L.)花芽花器分化为向心分化顺序。即按花芽原基、花萼、花瓣原基、雄蕊及心皮的先后顺序依次进行分化。根据这个顺序及花芽分化的其它特性,将花芽分化过程划分为八个时期:1.花芽分化准备期;2.花芽原基形成期;3.花萼形成期;4.花瓣原基形成期;5.雄蕊     

Screening of Portuguese cole landraces (Brassica oleracea L.) with Leptosphaeria maculans and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

Summary Fifty-six landraces of Portuguese coles (Brassica oleracea l.), representing fourteen morphotypes, were screened for resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans at the cotyledon stage. Three isolates of the pathogen belonging to three pathogenicity groups were used in the screening. The mean disease interaction phenotype of the B. oleracea landraces with the L. maculans isolates confirmed their differences in pathogenicity. When compared to pathogenicity grouping using a B. napus differential set, a different classification was observed on B. oleracea for the three L. maculans isolates, suggesting possible differences in the genetic interaction between the two plant species and the pathogen. Most of the Portuguese cole landraces were found to be susceptible to all three isolates of L. maculans, although a few have shown intermediate interaction phenotype. Some accessions, on the other hand, elicit a differential reaction with the three isolates tested, and can be further selected to be used in host differential sets or in breeding for resistance to black leg.Fifty-four landraces of Portuguese coles, representing eleven morphotypes, were also screened in the field for resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. A good level of resistance to the bacterium was found in several of the morphotypes.Accessions of the Penca type, particularly, were identified as highly resistant. Landraces belonging to the same Portuguese cole group presented a similar range of mean interaction phenotype with the bacterium. Some Portuguese landraces of B. oleracea are potential sources for use in breeding programs for black rot resistance.     

Transfer of disease resistance from Brassica campestris L. to rape (B. napus L.)

Summary Resistance to clubroot race 3 was successfully transferred from the Flemish turnip variety Waaslander to rape variety Nevin by the production of the fertile species B. napocampestris followed by backcrossing to Nevin. The recovery of the recurrent parent type appears to be very rapid, necessitating possibly only generations of backcrossing.     

小白菜小孢子胚状体诱导影响因素研究

以10个小白菜杂交种为试材,采用游离小孢子培养方法,研究影响小孢子胚状体形成因素的结果表明,不同品种胚状体的诱导率不同;NLN培养基中大量元素减半有利于小孢子胚诱导,其诱导率达到100%;培养基中添加0.05 mg/L的6-BA和0.2 mg/L的NAA可以提高胚状体诱导率;活性炭和琼脂糖对诱导胚状体发生和发育有促进作用,可使子叶胚的比例达90%以上;花蕾经4℃低温预处理24 h后的成胚率显著提高。     

小白菜小孢子胚状体诱导影响因素研究

以10个小白菜杂交种为试材,采用游离小孢子培养方法,研究影响小孢子胚状体形成因素的结果表明,不同品种胚状体的诱导率不同;NLN培养基中大量元素减半有利于小孢子胚诱导,其诱导率达到100%;培养基中添加0.05 mg/L的6-BA和0.2 mg/L的NAA可以提高胚状体诱导率;活性炭和琼脂糖对诱导胚状体发生和发育有促进作用,可使子叶胚的比例达90%以上;花蕾经4℃低温预处理24 h后的成胚率显著提高.     

利用分子标记鉴定白菜细胞质雄性不育类型的研究

通过对9份白菜细胞质雄性不育材料的不育胞质类型进行分子标记鉴定,以期为今后更好的利用分子标记来进行辅助育种奠定基础。通过CTAB法提取白菜的基因组DNA,根据GenBank中orf138基因保守序列设计2对特异引物,对9份白菜基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,将扩增出条带的PCR产物进行测序,在NCBI中进行同源性比对,最终确定其不育胞质类型。结果表明：2对特异引物PI/PII和PIII/PIV只在4份白菜雄性不育基因中均扩增出条带,在另外5份材料中未扩增出条带,与田间育性鉴定相符,获得4份白菜Ogura胞质雄性不育的分子标记;在GenBank中用BLAST进行同源性比对分析,发现L1-CI、L3-CI、L3-F1 3个不育材料的特异片段与已报道的青花菜Ogu CMS所具有的Ogu orf138基因（Genbank登录号：HQ149728）同源度高达100%,L1-F1的同源度达99%,出现了一个变异位点,另外5份材料的胞质不育类型有待进一步研究。通过该方法鉴定出9份材料中有4份材料是萝卜胞质雄性不育的材料,得到了4条分子标记,该结果可为白菜细胞质雄性不育的分子鉴定提供了新的标记,也为今后利用分子标记辅助育种奠定了基础。     

西藏白菜型油菜农家品种产量与农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

运用灰色关联度系统分析方法,对35个西藏白菜型油菜农家品种的7个主要农艺性状与单株产量进行了灰色关联度分析.结果表明:各农艺性状与产量的关联顺序为:有效角果数＞一次有效分枝数＞千粒重＞角果长度＞主花序长＞每角果粒数＞分枝部位.在西藏白菜型油菜的丰产育种过程中,综合考虑各种性状的前提下,重点加强对有效角果数、一次有效分枝数和千粒重的考察,才能获得理想的选择效果.     

An efficient method to separate tetraploid from diploid plants after colchicine treatment of turnips (Brassica campestris var. rapa)

To obtain a C₁-population with a high percentage of tetraploids after colchicine treatment of turnips, a selection in the C₀ can be used. A comparison is made between two criteria for this selection, viz. the average pollen grain size and the variation in pollen grain size.C₀-selection on the basis of the average pollen grain size of five pollen grains per plant reduced the number of diploids in the C₁ considerably. When the variation in pollen grain size of these five pollen grains is included as a selection-criterion the number of tetraploids in the C₁ increased.The two methods are discussed in the light of the working efficiency and the genetical variation in the tetraploid C₁-population. It is concluded that the character of the initial material should govern the choice of the selection criterion.     

大白菜TPS基因家族鉴定及其在高温胁迫下的表达分析

为明确大白菜TPS(BrTPS)家族成员信息及对高温胁迫信号的响应,本研究利用生物信息学方法,在大白菜基因组数据库中鉴定了BrTPS基因家族成员,并对其理化性质、进化特征、蛋白结构及在高温胁迫下的表达模式进行分析。结果表明,大白菜全基因组含有15个TPS基因家族成员,分布于8条染色体上。除BrTPS14和BrTPS15外,其余成员各含有1个TPS和1个TPP结构域,并且所含motif的排列顺序也完全一致。理化性质分析发现,15个成员的氨基酸长度介于129~1459 aa之间,分子量大小在14.73~165.83 kD之间,大部分BrTPS蛋白为酸性蛋白和亲水蛋白,以无规则卷曲作为二级结构主要构成元件。进化分析表明,大白菜TPS基因家族成员可分为2类,其中ClassⅠ包含5个成员,ClassⅡ包含10个成员。本研究对高温胁迫前后不同组织和持续高温胁迫下叶片中的表达分析,发现大部分的BrTPS基因可对高温胁迫产生响应,但在表达规律上存在差异。这些研究结果为后续研究大白菜TPS基因提供一定参考。     

低温胁迫下不同乌菜光合及荧光特性的变化及耐寒性评价

为寻求有效的方法来鉴定乌菜的耐寒性,本研究以6个乌菜材料为研究对象.对6个材料分别进行梯度降温(昼/夜)处理:18 ℃/12℃、12 ℃/6 ℃、6 ℃/0℃,每个阶段温度处理3 d,共9 d;之后测定6份材料经梯度降温胁迫后的光合和荧光特性,以及几种生理生化指标变化和相关性,同时用隶属函数法对供试材料的耐寒性进行综合...     

Thiocyanate in forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.)

Summary An improved technique has been used for the determination of thiocyanate ion (^-SCN) released on enzymatic hydrolysis of kale (B. oleracea) inbred lines and F₁ hybrids. Considerable heritable variation has been found. Grazing trials have shown a relationship between ^-SCN in the crop and in the blood plasma of grazing sheep.     

Interactive Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur on Growth and Yield of Rape-seed-Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. and Coss. and Brassica campestris L.) Genotypes

A simple randomized field experiment was conducted to assess the growth and yield of rape-seed-mustard in relation to sulphur and nitrogen interaction. Three levels of sulphur (0, 40 and 60 kg ha⁻¹) in combination with three levels of nitrogen (60, 100 and 150 kg ha⁻¹) were tested as treatments, T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄, and T₅. Results indicated significant favourable effects of sulphur and nitrogen, when applied together, on yield components, seed and oil yield. Maximum response was observed with treatment T₃ (having S and N of 40 and 100 kg ha¹, respectively). Percentage oil content of seed was maximal at T₄ (having S and N of 60 and 100 kg ha¹) in both cultivars. The increase in N dose from 100 to 150 kg ha⁻¹ without any change in applied S, i.e. 60 kg ha¹ (T₅), decreased the percentage oil content. The seed and oil yield, however, were similar to T₃. Favourable responses of S and N interaction on leaf area index, rate of photosynthesis and biomass production were also observed.     

Physiological Investigation of the Impact of Nitrogen and Sulphur Application on Seed and Oil Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) and Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. and Coss.) Genotypes

Field experiments were conducted to determine the physiological basis of the effects of N and S interactions on seed and oil yield of Brassica species. Five combinations of N and S (in kg ha⁻¹) 0S+100N (T₁), 40S+60N (T₂), 40S+100N (T₃), 60S+100N (T₄) and 60S+150N (T₅), were used for this purpose. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity and ATP-sulphurylase activity in the leaves were measured at various growth stages, as the two enzymes catalyse rate-limiting steps of the assimilatory pathways of nitrate and sulphate, respectively. The activities of these enzymes were strongly correlated with seed and oil yield. The highest nitrate reductase activity, ATP-sulphurylase activity and yield were achieved with the combination T₃ in both species. Any variation from this combination decreased the activity of these enzymes, resulting in a reduction of the seed and oil yield of Brassica species. The higher seed and oil yield achieved in these species at T₃ could be due to optimization of leaf soluble protein and photosynthetic rate, as these parameters are influenced by N and S assimilation.     

西藏野生白菜型油菜形态性状的多样性分析

摘 要：本文对西藏各地(市)搜集而来的14份野生白菜型油菜进行了形态多样性分析,结果表明,不同材料之间存在很大的差异,不同性状在不同材料之间表现出不同程度的多样性,其株高、基生叶、伸长茎叶和苔茎叶、千粒重等都非常丰富。采用卡方距离、离差平方和聚类方法对14份西藏野生白菜型油菜的植株高度、主茎粗度、分枝总数、主花序角果数等7个主要考种性状进行聚类,基于形态性状的聚类分析：G1类群包括野白5、野白6、野白9共4份种质材料,占种质资源总数的21.43％,属于下生分枝型;G2类群包括白14一份种质资源,占种质资源总数的7.14％,属于上生分枝型;G3类群包括野白1,野白2,野白3,野白4,野白7,野白8,野白10,野白11,野白12,野白13等10份材料,占种质资源总数的71.43％,属于均生分枝型。当阈值为0.54时,可将供试材料划分为SG1、SG2、SG3、SG4、SG5等5个亚类群。该聚类方法用于西藏野生白菜型油菜的综合分类是科学可靠的。另外聚类结果也如实反映了各类群之间的差异性,这为正确评价西藏野生白菜型油菜种质资源及优良品种的选育提供了可靠的依据。关键词：西藏;野生白菜型油菜;形态性状;多样性;聚类分析     

白菜型冬油菜抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)基因的克隆、表达及其活性分析

抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)是一种在逆境条件下清除细胞内氧自由基、增强植物抗逆性的关键酶。本研究根据已发表植物抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因APX的同源保守序列设计引物, 采用RT-PCR扩增超强抗寒白菜型冬油菜陇油7号的DNA, 获得APX基因开放阅读框, 长度为753 bp, 编码250个氨基酸残基, 推导的氨基酸序列具有APX蛋白的典型特征。生物信息学分析显示, 与已报道的大白菜的APX氨基酸序列同源性达到99%, 该酶蛋白具有高度的进化保守性, 其保守序列属于植物的POD超家族, APX相对分子质量和理论等电点依次为27.7 kD和5.58;APX基因无信号肽, 是一个亲水性蛋白, 可推测其定位于细胞质中;二级结构预测表明陇油7号的APX是由不规则卷曲和α-螺旋组成的稳定蛋白。实时荧光定量PCR和酶活性分析显示, 该基因表达和酶活性受低温胁迫诱导, 表明该基因在白菜型冬油菜陇油7号适应低温胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。     

Directional transfer of a multiple-allele male sterile line in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino var. rosularis Tsen et Lee

To produce hybrid seeds of Wutacai (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino var. rosularis Tsen et Lee), a “directional transfer program” was designed to breed the multiple-allele male sterile line of Wutacai. A multiple-allele male sterile line of Naibaicai (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis L., S01) was used as the male sterile resource, and an inbred line of Wutacai (WT01) was used as the target line. Recurrent backcrossing was employed to transfer the male sterility and other botanical traits simultaneously, while the genotype was identified through test crossing. The male sterility was successfully transferred from S01 to WT01. A new male sterile line, GMS-3, with similar botanical traits to WT01, was bred. Four hybrid combinations were generated with GMS-3 as the female parent. One hybrid (C1) that contained the most desirable traits was developed from the new male sterile line.     

On the genetic status of maternals induced by pollination of Brassica oleracea L. with Brassica campestris L.

Summary Plants derived by bud selfing maternals, obtained after pollinating B. oleracea L. with B. campestris L., have been shown to be segregating for their S alleles and in one instance for a major gene determining the presence of hairs on the first true foliage leaf. This agrees with the evidence of Tokumasu (1965) and Haruta (1970, person. comm.) in demonstrating that the original maternals were not completely homozygous. The evidence would appear to favour diploid parthenogenesis as the mode of origin of these maternals and the induction of maternals by interspecific pollinations within the Brassica genus does not appear to offer a viable alternative to inbreeding for the synthesis of pure lines for F₁ or double cross hybrid production.