狗牙根草坪冬季盖播的研究

用多年生黑麦草品种Cutter在狗牙根建植的草坪上进行冬季盖播的研究结果表明从盖播草坪群落的合理演替角度来看,最适宜的盖播量为20g/m2;从施肥效果来看,在生长前期实行高施肥(90g/m2·y),可以导致盖播群落向有利于黑麦草生长的方向演替,加速盖播草坪的成坪周期,而在黑麦草夏枯前后的过渡阶段以低施肥(45g/m2·y)为佳,这样可以降低黑麦草生长的优势度,使盖播群落向有利于狗牙根恢复生长的方向发展.     

冬季盖播黑麦草对狗牙根草坪质量和返青的影响

冬季在狗牙根草坪上盖播黑麦草是常见的维护草坪四季常绿的一种措施,但尚不清楚盖播播量对草坪质量的影响。在本研究中,高播量(150g/m2)下草坪前期生长更为迅速,草坪密度更高,草坪质地更为细腻。1月到3月,不同播量的草坪的质量相近。4月后,高播量草坪由于黑麦草个体间强烈竞争造成单株生长受阻,弱小,对环境胁迫抗性低,逐步消退,使得草坪密度、色泽和均一性急剧下降,草坪总体质量骤然降低;平常播量(50g/m2)下黑麦草个体间竞争相对较小,黑麦草草坪草生长受环境影响相对较小,草坪质量基本保持平稳。未盖播草坪总体外观质量前期逐步下降,1月到2月达到最低点,3月开始逐步上升,4月到5月后草坪质量逐步赶上并超过盖播草坪。总体而言,盖播提高了冬春季节草坪的综合外观质量和功能。但是盖播严重阻碍了狗牙根返青和生长,高播量都显著降低了狗牙根草坪枝条密度、草坪质量、地上部和地下部生长,平常播量甚至造成狗牙根草坪完全消亡。黑麦草的生长状况受播量影响较大,高播量下草坪枝条数高,但生长高度下降,生物产量低,对狗牙根草坪的竞争力弱。     

珠海市园林绿化草坪冬季盖播草种的引种试验

试验对11个多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne品种和11个高羊茅Festuca elata品种在珠海地区用于草坪冬季盖播的相关坪用性状包括苗期坪用性状(出苗率、苗期生长速度、苗期密度、成坪和显绿时间)和成坪后的坪用性状(密度、质地、颜色、均匀性、生长速度、青绿期、地下生物量、耐践踏性以及综合喜好)等指标进行了测定,并运用模糊综合评判法对各草种作为园林草坪冬季盖播草种的相关坪用性状进行综合评判,结果表明:所有多年生黑麦草品种的冬季坪用性状都要优于高羊茅品种,其中以多年生黑麦草品种爱神特、潘多、凯蒂莎、玛格丽特、佳丽2号、夜影等具有成坪速度快、综合坪用性状优良等特点,可用于珠海乃至同类气候地区园林绿化草坪的冬季盖播草种.     

冬季盖播狗牙根草坪的春季转换研究进展

狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)草坪冬季盖播冷季型草种[主要是多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)]是高尔夫果岭、发球台等高水平维护草坪的一项常规养护措施。但是,冬季盖播造成狗牙根返青和生长困难,草坪生长衰弱,草坪品质低劣。目前对于促进狗牙根盖播草坪春季转换的研究相对较少,国内基本上还没有这方面的研究报道。本文综述了盖播对狗牙根草坪的影响,以及促进盖播冷季型草坪向狗牙根草坪转换的养护措施,包括盖播草种的选择及播量、过渡转换期养护管理、狗牙根春季补播及种内转换(Interseeding)、生长调节剂应用和冷季型草坪的化学防除等,以唤起国内对盖播草坪的春季转换问题的重视,加强对其技术的引进、消化、吸收和创新研究。     

广东地区马尼拉草坪冬季盖播保绿技术研究

在马尼拉草坪上用多年生黑麦草品种博士和夜影进行冬季盖播保绿技术试验研究，结果表明：冬季在马尼拉草坪上进行盖播的景观效果要远好于单播草坪，完全达到了草坪冬季常绿的目的，同时播种量和草种的选择也直接影响着盖播草坪的冬季景观效果。10～15g／m2的播种量用于马尼拉草坪的冬季盖播保绿较为合适，此外，从试验所用的两个草种的冬季综合坪用性状来分析，多年生黑麦草品种夜影的盖播效果要稍优于博士。     

马尼拉草坪的冬绿技术研究

在马尼拉草坪上用多年生黑麦草的博士和夜影2个品种进行了冬季盖播保绿技术试验研究,结果表明:冬季在马尼拉草坪上进行盖播的景观效果远远好于原草坪,完全达到了草坪冬季常绿的目的,同时播种量和草种的选择也直接影响着盖播草坪的冬季景观效果,10-15 g/m2的播种量用于马尼拉草坪的冬季盖播保绿领域较为合适,此外,从试验所用的2个草种的冬季综合坪用性状来分析,多年生黑麦草品种夜影的盖播效果优于博士。     

草铵膦在杂交狗牙根交播黑麦草草坪建植中的应用研究

研究了不同剂量草铵膦对杂交狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)交播多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)草坪的质量调控效果。结果表明:低剂量草铵膦处理(225,450 g/hm2)对杂交狗牙根草坪的色泽没有显著的影响,但能够显著抑制杂交狗牙根的生长,而中、高剂量处理则对杂交狗牙根草坪的色泽有显著的负面影响;所有草铵膦处理对多年生黑麦草的萌发没有影响,且能够显著改善交播草坪的冬季色泽,450g/hm2剂量处理的冬季色泽均能维持在90%;低剂量草铵膦处理(225,450 g/hm2)对杂交狗牙根草坪的春季返青没有显著的影响,但中、高剂量的草铵膦处理则对杂交狗牙根的春季返青造成了严重的负面影响,显著延迟了杂交狗牙根的春季返青进程。试验表明450 g/hm2的草铵膦处理是交播草坪最适宜的应用剂量。     

交播技术在园林草坪养护中的应用研究

在过渡气候带的园林绿地，进行了暖季型草坪秋季交播多年生黑麦草籽的应用试验，结果表明：交播技术可用于马尼拉、狗牙根和矮生百慕大等暖季型草坪上，交播时间宜在10月底前进行，交播种子用量多年生黑麦草以20－30g/m^2为宜。     

湖南地区常绿草坪混播组合筛选研究

根据立地条件和生物学特性,选择暖季型草坪草狗牙根和冷季型草坪草草地早熟禾的不同品种按照不同比例混播成24种草坪进行试验,并对不同混播组合进行了适应性和成坪品质的观察测定,成坪后用模糊数学综合评判法评定草坪质量。结果表明,24种不同混播草坪质量有所差异,初步确定在湖南地区用金字塔狗牙根3 g/m2+自由2号早熟禾10 g/m2的混播草坪全年综合质量表现最佳。     

广州地区狗牙根草坪的冬季盖播方法与管理技术

通过对我国暖季型草坪冬季盖播现状的分析以及对广州地区园林及运动场中大面积使用的狗牙根草坪目前所存在问题的研究和探讨，总结实践经验，提出一套经济可行的解决广州地区狗牙根草坪冬季枯黄现象的草坪盖播方法和措施，以供在今后的生产实践中借鉴。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.