中棉所70分离群体农艺性状相关QTL定位

【目的】定位棉花产量相关性状的数量性状基因座(Quantitative trait locus,QTL)。【方法】以中棉所70的F_2分离群体为遗传作图群体,利用从14 820对简单序列重复(Simple sequence repeat,SSR)引物中筛选出的267对两亲本间的多态性引物检测F_2群体250个单株的标记基因型,利用Joinmap 4.0进行连锁分析,并通过WinQTLCart 2.5复合区间作图法对F_(2:3)群体的株高、单株结铃数和单株果枝数性状进行QTL定位。【结果】在F_2群体中共获得342个SSR标记位点,并构建了包括312个标记、35个连锁群,总长1 929.9 cM的遗传连锁图谱(标记间平均距离为9.2 cM,覆盖棉花基因组的43.4%)。经QTL定位,共检测到19个QTL,其中涉及株高的7个、单株果枝数4个、单株结铃数8个,这些QTL分布在8条染色体上,解释0.25%~11.28%的表型变异。【结论】这些与农艺性状相关的QTL有助于棉花产量分子标记辅助选择。     

陆地棉产量相关性状的QTL定位

中棉所28和湘杂棉2号分别是以中棉所12×4133和中棉所12×8891配制而成的两个陆地棉强优势杂交种。以其F₂为作图群体,筛选6000多对SSR引物,利用两群体间27个共有多态位点,通过JoinMap 3.0软件整合了一张包含245个多态位点、全长1847.81 cM的遗传图谱。利用Win QTLCart 2.5复合区间作图法分别对两群体8个产量相关性状在F₂和F_2:3中进行QTL定位,在中棉所28群体多环境平均值的联合分析中检测到16个QTL,三环境分离分析中检测到43个QTL;在湘杂棉2号群体分别检测到20个和66个QTL。在A3、D8、D9等染色体上有QTL成簇分布现象,同时在两个群体中发现一些不受环境影响且稳定遗传的QTL。对考察的8个性状在两个群体中发现12对共有QTL,控制果枝数、衣分和籽指的QTL增效基因位点均来源于共同亲本中棉所12。综合分析推测中棉所12的育种价值主要是通过提高后代的结铃性来实现的。研究结果为棉花产量性状的分子设计育种提供了有用的信息。     

陆海高代回交群体抗黄萎病QTL定位

【目的】定位棉花抗黄萎病数量性状位点(Quantitative trait loci, QTL)。【方法】以海7124和TM-1配制抗感组合F1,再以鲁棉研28为轮回亲本构建的137个BC4F1家系为作图群体,筛选出多态性重复序列(Simple sequence repeat, SSR)标记,并与已发表的整合高密度遗传连锁图谱相比对,构建遗传图谱。采用复合区间作图法(Composite interval mapping,CIM)进行大田和病圃两个环境下抗黄萎病QTL定位。【结果】216个多态性SSR位点分布在26条染色体上,可覆盖棉花基因组3 380 cM(centi Morgan),标记间平均距离15.77 cM。定位到6个QTLs,分布在6条染色体上,可解释表型变异8.56%~20.26%,其中5个QTLs与前人研究结果相一致,在第1染色体上新定位到一个QTL。本研究可为分子标记辅助选择抗病育种提供帮助。【结论】定位到6个黄萎病相关QTLs,其中1个是在第1染色体上新发现的QTL。     

水稻高秆染色体片段代换系Z1377的鉴定及重要农艺性状QTL定位

株高是水稻重要的农艺性状, 往往与产量相关性状密切关联, 在水稻育种中有重要利用价值。本研究以日本晴为受体、缙恢35为供体亲本, 经表型和分子标记双重选择, 鉴定了一个水稻高秆染色体片段代换系Z1377。Z1377共含有18个代换片段, 平均代换长度为2.95 Mb。与日本晴相比, Z1377的株高、倒一节间至倒四节间长、穗长、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、粒长、每穗实粒数、总粒数显著增加; 粒宽显著变细, 有效穗数、结实率显著减少, 但仍达86.75%。用日本晴与Z1377杂交构建的次级F₂群体共检测到16个相关QTL, 分布于第2、第3、第4、第5、第6、第7和第9染色体。其中有8个可能与已克隆基因等位, 如GW2、EUI1、ZFP185等, 另8个如qPH3等尚未见报道。Z1377的株高由一个主效QTL (qPH3)和一个微效QTL (qPH5)控制, 其中qPH3的贡献率达28.59%。而且, 在F₂群体中, 高秆和矮秆基本呈现双峰分布, 经卡平方测验, 符合3∶1分离比, 表明高秆对矮秆显性, 并主要由qPH3负责。这将为该主效基因的精细定位和克隆奠定基础, 同时为进一步选育含2~3个代换片段的中高优良染色体片段代换系并应用于育种奠定基础。     

棉花数量性状遗传与QTL定位研究进展

棉花许多重要的性状多为数量性状。现代分子生物技术的发展为植物数量性状基因的定位、分离等研究提供了条件。从数量性状基因座(QTL)作图群体类型及其特点,QTL定位方法,QTL精细定位、克隆、利用等方面进行了综述,并对今后QTL研究进行了展望。     

开花后不同光周期条件下大豆农艺性状和品质性状的QTL分析

以开花期相近的181个大豆重组自交系(RIL)为材料,研究开花后不同光照长度对大豆主要农艺性状的影响,并在利用SSR标记构建大豆遗传图谱的基础上,分别在长日(16 h)和短日(12 h)条件下检测与主要农艺性状及其光周期敏感度(PS)相关的QTL。结果表明,开花后光照处理对大豆农艺性状和品质性状有较大影响,不同性状的光周期敏感度差异明显,株高＞主茎节数＞蛋白质含量、脂肪含量＞百粒重＞单株荚数＞蛋白质和脂肪总量。利用复合区间作图法检测到12个与株高、主茎节数、单株荚数、百粒重、蛋白质和脂肪总量等性状及各性状对开花后光周期处理的敏感度相关的QTL,分别定位于A1、A2、B1、B2、C1、D1a、F、L等8个连锁群上。其中,在短日条件下检测到4个QTL,可解释的遗传变异范围在11.37%~26.63%之间;在长日条件下检测到3个QTL,可解释的遗传变异范围在11.84%~27.85%之间;检测到5个与不同性状光周期敏感度有关的QTL,可解释相对应性状表型变异的范围在6.15%~21.44%之间。针对同一性状,未检测到在长日和短日条件下均起作用的主效QTL, 说明开花后光周期对大豆产量和品质性状相关基因的表达有较大影响。     

QTL Mapping of Chlorophyll Content in Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense Backcross Inbred Lines

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to chlorophyll content based on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) readings in cotton. [Method] The 195 BILs (Backcross Inbred Lines) were produced by a cross between Gossypium barbadense Hai 7124 and G. hirsutum CRI 36, using CRI 36 as the recurrent parent for backcrossing with F1 to produce BC1F1, followed by seven generations of selfing. The genetic linkage map was constructed in a previous study. QTLs of chlorophyll SPAD value in the first flowering and boll development stages were identified with inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method of the BIP and MET models in IciMapping 4.1 software, respectively. [Result] In total, nine chlorophyll SPAD reading QTLs were identified on 6 chromosomes. The q-SPAD-A11-1 detected at the first flowering stage overlapped with q-SPAD-A11-2 detected at the boll development stage, contributing 5.08% and 5.75% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The q-SPAD-D08-2 physical position ranged from 48.71 to 53.65 Mb on chromosome D08, which overlapped with a chlorophyll content QTL detected in a previous study. [Conclusion] The novel stable QTLs, q-SPAD-A11-1 and q-SPAD-A11-2 detected in this study provide an important piece of information for fine mapping chlorophyll content in cotton.     

棉花种间BC_1群体偏分离的遗传剖析(英文)

偏分离是指观察到的基因型频率偏离预期的孟德尔频率的遗传分离方式,在大多数的遗传定位研究中非常普遍。在之前我们发表的遗传连锁图中,107个SSR标记在BC1作图群体[(Emian 22×3-79)×Emian22]中表现偏分离。为阐明这些偏分离标记的遗传机制及其在其它群体中的偏分离情况,将其中97个共显性标记在另外两个回交群体中进行验证。结果表明,原图谱中的61个偏分离标记在另外2个回交群体中都表现正常分离,说明杂交方式是导致偏分离的一个重要因素。36个偏分离标记至少在两个群体中仍表现偏分离,偏分离应该是配子选择的结果。偏分离标记分布于14条染色体上,其中D亚基因组上的分布多于A亚基因组。偏分离标记在在第2、第16和第18染色体上分布最多,暗示在这些染色体上存在偏分离位点,该结果有助于在棉花中鉴定偏分离位点。     

陆地棉光合相关性状的QTL定位分析

光合作用是棉花产量的主要物质来源。本研究以高光效陆地棉冀优861和低光效陆地棉新陆早25号为亲本组配的196个F₂单株为作图群体,利用SSR（Simple Sequence Repeat）标记构建陆陆杂交遗传连锁图谱,共有30个标记位点连锁,包含4个连锁群,全长244.4cM。利用QTL IciMapping 4.1软件的完备区间作图法对冀优861×新陆早25号F_2:3家系的光合相关性状进行QTL作图分析,共定位到光合相关5个性状的10个QTLs,其中1个光合速率QTL和1个胞间CO₂浓度QTL分别定位在D3和D7染色体上。本研究为棉花光合相关性状QTL的精细定位及分离克隆打下基础,为聚合棉花高光效分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。     

转基因抗虫棉产量相关性状QTL的分子标记及定位

 采用亚洲棉渐渗的纤维强度突出的陆地棉优质新品系0-153与陆地棉转基因抗虫新品系sGK9708为亲本,构建了F₂及F_2∶3分离群体。利用3869对SSR引物筛选亲本,得到125对多态性引物。进一步对183个F₂群体单株分析得到150个多态性标记位点,其中100个标记位点连锁,构建20个连锁群,共覆盖660 cM,占棉花总基因组的14.67%,每个连锁群平均包含5个标记位点,标记间平均相距6.6 cM,其中13个连锁群确定了对应的染色体。利用F₂和F_2:3数据,通过复合区间作图,共检测到28个产量及相关因素的QTLs。这些控制产量性状的QTLs只存在于5个连锁群上,成簇分布。与皮棉产量性状有关的2个QTLs,均与其它多个产量相关性状的QTLs在同一个连锁区段内,增效基因遗传效应方向一致,有必要研究其在标记辅助选择中的效果。本研究没有检测到在多世代表现稳定的QTL。因此,需要培育重组自交系,进一步明确产量性状有关QTL的遗传效应。     

Mapping of Verticillium Wilt Resistance QTL with Interspecific Advanced Backcross Population between Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Sea-Island Cotton (G. barbadense L.)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. [Method]In this study, with the cultivar Lumianyan 28(Gossypium hirsutumL.) as the recipient parent and the F₁generation obtained from the cross Hai7124 (G. barbadense) and TM-1(G. hirsutumL.) as the donor parent, an interspecific advanced backcross population was constructed. Compared with the integrated high density genetic linkage map published, simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers of polymorphism were used to construct genetic linkage map. QTLs detection was conducted by composite interval mapping method in field and disease nursery. [Result] 216 simple sequence repeated (SSR) markers of polymorphism were assigned to 26 Chromosomes with a total map distance of 3 380 cM and an average distance of about 15.77 cM between two adjacent markers. Six QTLs located on 6 chromosomes had been detected and could explain phenotypic variance with 8.56%～20.26%. Five of Six QTLs were consistent with the previous study. Moreover, one novel QTL which located on Chromosome 1 was detected in this study. These results maybe helpful for the marker-assisted development of new cultivars which were resistant to Verticillium wilt. [Conclusion] Six QTLs were detected, one of them is a new QTL on chromosome 1.     

陆地棉低世代群体纤维品质QTL定位及候选基因功能注释

【目的】通过对纤维品质数量性状位点(Quantitative trait loci,QTLs)定位及其基因功能注释,为分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。【方法】以2个纤维品质有差异的陆地棉品种(系)中棉所49和396289为亲本构建F2群体,以高密度遗传图谱为基础,对3个环境的F2:3家系做包括细度和成熟度等在内的7个纤维品质性状QTLs定位,利用直系同源基因簇(Clusters of orthologous groups,COG)、基因本体(Gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)等数据库对QTLs做基因功能注释。【结果】获得157个与纤维品质有关的QTLs,分布于20条染色体上,A03、A04、D02、A11和D07等有较多性状的QTLs聚集,可能是控制纤维品质性状的关键染色体。共获得13个稳定QTLs,其中qFL-A03-1和qFin-A11-4在3个环境中重复出现,另有9个QTLs则在2个环境中重复出现。通过COG、GO和KEGG对QTLs进行基因功能注释,共获得4 763个候选基因,3个数据库分别注释到2 416、4 188和2 512个基因,在稳定QTLs中共注释到429个基因,其中一些基因可能与纤维品质关系密切。【结论】利用高通量测序获得的高密度遗传图谱有助于获得较多QTLs,有利于纤维品质相关候选基因的筛选及性状的改良,提高育种效率。     

QTL Mapping of Fiber Quality in Low-Generation Upland Cotton Populations and Functional Annotation of Candidate Genes

[Objective] This article aims to provide a theoretical basis for molecular marker-assisted breeding by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping and gene function annotation of fiber quality. [Method] F₂ populations were constructed using the two cotton cultivars (lines), CCRI 49 and 396289, as parents. Based on high-density genetic maps, the F_2:3 families with three environments were included in the F2 population. The QTL mapping of seven fiber quality traits including fineness and maturity, etc., was performed using the Clusters of orthologous groups (COG), Gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases to annotate QTLs for gene function. [Result] A total of 157 QTLs related to fiber quality were obtained and distributed on 20 chromosomes. QTLs with more traits on A03, A04, D02, A11 and D07 chromosomes clustered and may be the key chromosomes controlling fiber quality traits. A total of 13 stable QTLs were obtained, of which qFL-A03-1 and qFin-A11-4 were repeated in three environments, and nine other QTLs were repeated in two environments. And 4 763 candidate genes were annotated, with 2 416, 4 188, and 2 512 genes being annotated in COG, GO, and KEGG, respectively. Among them, 429 genes were annotated in stable QTLs. Some of these genes may be closely related to fiber quality. [Conclusion] The high-density genetic map obtained by high-throughput sequencing can help to obtain more QTLs, which is beneficial to the screening of candidate genes related to fiber quality and the improvement of fiber traits, and improves the breeding efficiency.     

利用小麦关联RIL群体定位产量相关性状QTL

为定位控制小麦产量相关性状的QTL位点,获得与重要位点连锁的分子标记和染色体区段,以分别含有229和485个家系的关联重组自交系(RIL)群体WY和WJ为材料,在4个环境中,用完备区间作图法(ICIM)对产量相关性状进行了QTL定位分析。结果表明,产量相关性状QTL分布在小麦21条染色体上。在WY群体中检测到每穗小穗数、主茎穗粒数、单株穗数、千粒重和单株产量的QTL分别有9、9、4、7和5个,其中16个(55.2%)解释大于10%的表型变异;在WJ群体中检测到这5个性状的QTL分别有20、16、11、14和9个,其中只有3个(6.7%)在单个环境中解释超过10%的表型变异。在WY群体中有5个QTL在2个环境中被重复检测到;在WJ群体中,有11个QTL在2个或2个以上环境中被重复检测到。在2个群体中均检测到产量相关性状的QTL在染色体上形成了含有一因多效或紧密连锁QTL的染色体区段,并在2个群体检测到可能相同的9对QTL和2个染色体区段。     

QTL Mapping for Yield and Fiber Quality Traits in Double-Cross Population of Chromosome Segment Introgression Lines from Gossypium hirsutum×Gossypium barbadense

[Objective] The aim of this study was to map quantitative traits loci (QTLs) for yield and fiber quality traits in chromosome segment introgression lines (CSILs) from Gossypium hirsutum×Gossypium barbadense. [Method] Four CSILs, MBI 7115, MBI 7412, MBI 7153 and MBI 7346, which were obtained by advanced backcrossing and continuous inbreeding from upland cotton variety CCRI 45 and sea-island cotton variety Hai 1, were used to construct double-cross segregating populations F1 and F1:2 through the following crosses: [(MBI 7115×MBI 7412)×(MBI 7153×MBI 7346)]. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers were used to evaluate the genotyes of parents. The F1 and F1:2 populations were used to map QTLs for yield and fiber quality-related traits. [Result] The recovery rates of the recurrent parent CCRI 45 in the four CSILs were all above 97%. Forty-one QTLs, which were distributed across 11 chromosomes, were detected using the two segregating populations. There were 30 QTLs controlling fiber quality with phenotypic variations ranging from 1.11% to 11.80% and 11 QTLs controlling yield-related traits with 1.09%–13.57% phenotypic variations. [Conclusion] Five QTLs for fiber quality were consistently detected in two populations and they were all newly discovered QTLs. This study provides an important theoretical basis for fine mapping of these QTLs and molecular marker-assisted breeding for excellent fiber quality.     

棉花抗黄萎病QTL定位研究进展

QTL(quantitative trait locus)定位将控制数量性状的基因分解成单个孟德尔因子进行详细剖析,更为细致地了解数量性状的遗传规律,为加速棉花抗黄萎病的遗传改良奠定基础。本文概述了棉花抗黄萎病QTL定位理论和现状,讨论了棉花抗黄萎病QTL定位过程中存在的问题及在遗传改良上的应用前景。     

Evaluation and QTL Mapping of Tolerance to Salinity Using Interspecific Introgression Lines from Gossypium barbadense in G. hirsutum

[Objective] Tolerance evaluation is the basis for cotton salinity-resistant breeding. [Method] Relative growth of cotton plants at seedling stage for 148 introgression lines was used to evaluate the tolerance to salinity. [Result] The results demonstrated that salt damage coefficients were significantly different from each other, with an average 61.22% ranging from 1.34% to 100%. Based on the salt damage coefficient, 148 introgression lines were divided into three groups; group 1 (23.65%) was more tolerant than the tolerant parent with the salt damage coefficient less than 29.35%; group 2 (39.19%) was more sensitive than the tolerant parent with the salt damage coefficient from 29.35%―71.70%; group 3 (37.16%) was more sensitive than the susceptible parent with the salt damage coefficient above 71.70%. [Condusion] Mapping of QTLs (Quantitative trait locus) for salt-tolerant traits indicated that 23 QTLs for tolerance-related traits were detected. Among them, 12 QTLs were aggregately distributed on chromosomes A05, A12, D05 and D11. Our results demonstrate that it is feasible for screening salt-tolerant introgression lines from Gossypium barbadense into G. hirsutum, especially by molecular marker-assisted selection for specific chromosomes with high efficiency.     

大豆数量性状定位的研究进展

大豆的许多重要农艺性状和经济性状是受多基因控制的数量性状。针对大豆产量性状、种子品质性状和重要病害的抗性等，综述了近年来大豆数量性状基因座位(quantitative trait locus, QTL)定位研究的进展,并讨论了目前大豆QTL定位研究存在的问题及解决途径。     

利用陆地棉MAGIC群体定位产量、生育期和株高性状的QTL

棉花的产量、生育期和株高是重要的农艺性状, 决定着棉花的经济效益和生产方式。为了研究这些性状的遗传基础, 利用8个亲本构建的包含960个株系的陆地棉MAGIC (multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross)群体和SSR标记对这些性状进行关联分析。对产量、生育期和株高共8个相关性状进行了3年3个地点共5个环境的田间试验。经过最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)综合多环境的表型数据, 发现MAGIC群体比亲本有更丰富的表型变异。8个性状的广义遗传力(H ²)变化范围为0.17~0.71。结合284个SSR标记基因型数据, 利用混合线性模型对产量、生育期和株高相关性状进行关联分析, 分别检测到51、27和9个显著关联的位点, 这些位点都表现出微效性, 表明该陆地棉MAGIC群体在性状位点的挖掘方面具有高效性。检测到20个标记位点或区间控制多个性状, 还发现单株有效铃数、单铃皮棉重、第一果枝节位和株高存在染色体热点区域, 对多性状综合研究或单性状深入挖掘具有重要价值。本研究为后续深入利用MAGIC群体进行遗传研究提供参考, 一些表型优良的材料和关联到的位点为育种改良奠定了基础。     

棉花抗黄萎病基因的QTL定位

以高感黄萎病的陆地棉品种"邯郸208"与高抗黄萎病海岛棉品种"Pima90"的136个F2单株为作图群体,构建了一个包括17个连锁群、标记间平均间距18.61cM、全长1842.8cM的陆海种间分子标记遗传连锁图,该图约覆盖棉花基因组的36.8%。单因子方差分析和复合区间作图检测到与黄萎病抗性相关的3个QTL,分别位于第四连锁群和第七连锁群上,分别解释表型变异方差的15.39%、54.11%和57.18%。初步认为海岛棉"Pima90"对陆地棉"邯郸208"的黄萎病抗性由两个主效QTL和一个微效QTL共同控制。