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玉米是奶牛舍饲的主要能量饲料来源之一,而蒸汽压片技术是一项目前较为成熟的日粮加工技术,主要通过机械的湿热加工方法改变原料物理形态和营养物质的化学结构,广泛应用于反刍动物日粮中。蒸汽压片处理工艺中的蒸汽压力、温度和处理时间会影响压片产品的容重和淀粉糊化度,进而影响其饲喂效果。研究发现,经蒸汽压片处理的玉米可有效提高其淀粉消化率,加快瘤胃内的发酵速度,改变瘤胃发酵模式,促进瘤胃微生物蛋白合成,有利于维持瘤胃pH及瘤胃内环境的稳定。也有研究表明,蒸汽压片玉米饲喂奶牛后,对其采食量没有明显影响,但可以提高产奶量,改善乳成分,从而提高奶牛的产奶性能。作者对蒸汽压片玉米技术及其在奶牛生产中的应用研究进展进行综述,以期为蒸汽压片玉米在中国奶牛生产中的合理使用提供参考。 相似文献
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为了研究不同加工处理方法对玉米在奶牛瘤胃内降解率的影响,本试验选用5头荷斯坦泌乳牛利用尼龙袋法测定玉米渣、膨化玉米、玉米片和蒸汽压片玉米的干物质和淀粉在泌乳奶牛瘤胃中的降解率..结果表明,48h的瘤胃降解率规律为:玉米片〉膨化玉米〉蒸汽压片玉米〉玉米渣。瘤胃内可降解干物质为:膨化玉米和玉米片〉蒸汽压片玉米和玉米渣;而可降解淀粉则为:膨化玉米〉玉米片〉蒸汽压片玉米〉玉米渣,以上结果表明,加工过程中温度湿度和压力的作用下,玉米籽实的结构发生变化,改变了瘤胃微生物接触淀粉的机会,从而影响玉米在瘤胃内的降解率。 相似文献
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玉米是肉牛养殖生产中的重要能量饲料.经蒸汽压片处理的玉米可提高牛对玉米的消化吸收率,饲喂蒸汽压片玉米可对肉牛瘤胃发酵、生产性能、肉品质等产生积极影响.文章结合有关研究报道,简述玉米蒸汽压片技术、蒸汽压片玉米营养价值以及饲喂蒸汽压片玉米对肉牛生产性能的影响,以期为蒸汽压片玉米在肉牛养殖生产中的应用推广提供参考. 相似文献
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蒸汽压片玉米和颗粒玉米及其TMR日粮体外产气和发酵参数的测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
玉米是反刍家畜最重要的能量饲料,其主要成分为淀粉,含量可达64%~78%,易被消化吸收,且利用率高。特别是经过蒸汽压片处理后的玉米,能够调控淀粉在反刍家畜不同消化部位的降解率,进一步提高其营养价值。为了研究蒸汽压片玉米和颗粒玉米及其TMR日粮的营养价值,试验利用体外产气法对蒸汽压片玉米和颗粒玉米及其TMR日粮体外产气和发酵参数进行了测定。结果表明,玉米经过蒸汽压片处理后,可有效改善其在反刍家畜瘤胃内的降解率,营养价值得到了显著提高。 相似文献
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玉米含丰富的淀粉,是泌乳牛主要的能量饲料。加工处理(如蒸汽处理、高湿贮存)可改变谷物中淀粉的空间结构,提高淀粉瘤胃降解速度。蒸汽压片玉米和高湿玉米较干碾玉米提高了泌乳牛的乳及乳蛋白产量和饲料利用率。不影响乳脂产量。蒸汽压片玉米加工成本较高,不适合我国目前大部分地区的奶牛生产。玉米经煮沸或浸泡处理可达到这一目的。 相似文献
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本试验应用EM发酵玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛,以观察两种方法处理的玉米秸秆对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响效果。结果表明,用EM发酵的玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛较青贮玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛,每天每头奶牛采食量提高1.03%,平均产奶量提高2.02%,经济效益提高0.13元;EM原液发酵的玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆1∶1混合饲喂奶牛,每天每头奶牛采食量、平均产奶量、经济效益分别比饲喂青贮玉米秸秆的奶牛提高2.85%、2.99%和1.15元。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究发芽玉米对荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃发酵、血液成分、产奶性能及乳品质的影响。选取胎次、分娩日龄、产奶量相近的荷斯坦泌乳奶牛15头,试验分为3组,每组5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮(TMR和苜蓿干草),T1、T2组分别在基础日粮中添加20%发芽玉米和20%发酵发芽玉米。结果表明,添加发芽玉米及发酵发芽玉米均能降低瘤胃pH的变化幅度,提高挥发性脂肪酸和氨态氮浓度,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);与对照组相比,T1、T2组4%乳脂校正乳极显著提高(P<0.01),并可显著提高T2组的饲料效率(P<0.05),显著降低乳中体细胞数(P<0.05);T1、T2组具有降低乳中胆固醇含量的趋势,并对血液成分无显著影响。因此,饲料中添加发芽玉米可改善瘤胃内环境,显著提高产奶量与饲料效率,显著降低乳中体细胞数,且乳中胆固醇含量有降低的趋势。 相似文献
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Makoto Miyaji Hiroki Matsuyama Kenji Hosoda Kazuhisa Nonaka 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(6):483-488
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substituting brown rice grain for corn grain in total mixed ration (TMR) silage containing food by‐products on the milk production, whole‐tract nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows. Six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a crossover design with two dietary treatments: a diet containing 30.9% steam‐flaked corn (corn TMR) or 30.9% steam‐flaked brown rice (rice TMR) with wet soybean curd residue and wet soy sauce cake. Dietary treatment did not affect the dry matter intake, milk yield and compositions in dairy cows. The dry matter and starch digestibility were higher, and the neutral detergent fiber digestibility was lower for rice TMR than for corn TMR. The urinary nitrogen (N) excretion as a proportion of the N intake was lower for rice TMR than for corn TMR with no dietary effect on N secretion in milk and fecal N excretion. These results indicated that the replacement of corn with brown rice in TMR silage relatively reduced urinary N loss without adverse effects on feed intake and milk production, when food by‐products such as soybean curd residue were included in the TMR silage as dietary crude protein sources. 相似文献
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Performance of tropical dairy cows fed whole crop rice silage with varying levels of concentrate 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Metha Wanapat Sungchhang Kang Pichad Khejornsart Ruangyote Pilajun Sadudee Wanapat 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(1):185-189
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of concentrate/milk yield ratios on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation efficiency, and milk production in dairy cows fed with a basal diet of whole crop rice silage (WCRS). Sixteen crossbred cows (75 % Holstein-Friesian (HF) and 25 % Thai cows) in mid-lactation were assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments corresponding to four concentrate/milk yield ratios (0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 (kg/kg)) were used. All cows were offered WCRS (with 1.5 % urea and 3 % molasses) ad libitum. Silage and concentrate were fed individually twice a day. Results revealed that dry matter intake (12.8–14.5 kg/day), nutrient digestibility (62.5–68.7 %), and rumen fermentation efficiency were not significantly affected by concentrate supplementation. Milk yield (10.2–11.5 kg/day) and milk composition were similar between cows fed with sole WCRS and those supplemented with concentrate mixture, although milk fat tended to increase in cows fed with sole WCRS. In conclusion, sole WCRS fed to dairy cows without concentrate supplementation resulted in similar feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and milk production as compared to those supplemented with concentrate in lactating dairy cows. These results suggest that in tropical areas where rice crop is surplus, WCRS could sustain reasonable levels of milk production among dairy cows with little or no concentrate supplementation provided that urea and molasses are included in the silage. 相似文献