含EGFP基因的马疱疹病毒1型新疆株gE基因缺失株的构建

为筛选马鼻肺炎（equine rhinopneumonitis,ER）基因缺失减毒活疫苗的候选毒株,本研究参考GenBank中EHV-1（登录号：KF644579.1）目的基因序列设计同源臂引物,以本地区流行株XJ2015株DNA为模板PCR扩增gE基因同源臂gEH1、gEH1,以EGFP表达盒（CMV+EGFP+polyA）为标记基因,酶切后依次连接至载体pUC-19,成功构建重组质粒pUC-gEH1H2-EGFP。将XJ2015基因组与质粒pUC-gEH1H2-EGFP共转染至RK-13细胞进行同源重组,以EGFP为标记进行gE基因缺失毒株的筛选及纯化,并测定重组毒株效价。结果显示：经5轮荧光噬斑纯化、PCR及测序鉴定,成功获取一株携带EGFP基因的重组毒株XJ2015-△gE-EGFP,且重组毒株效价（10^7.1TCID₅₀/0.1 mL）较原毒株（10^8.8TCID₅₀/0.1 mL）下降约10^1.7TCID₅₀/0.1 mL。采用同源重组技术成功构建了1株马疱疹病毒1型流行株gE基因缺失突变株,为未来筛选马鼻肺炎基因缺失弱毒疫苗奠定了基础。     

马疱疹病毒1型感染马疾病模型的建立及评价

试验旨在建立马疱疹病毒1型（Equine herpesvirus type1,EHV-1）人工发病模型,确定EHV-1感染马的半数感染量（ID₅₀）及感染发病的判定标准,为该病的预防与治疗药物的研发奠定基础。以新疆伊犁地区某发病马场流产胎儿中分离的EHV-1 XJ2015株为研究对象,设立4组不同病毒剂量感染组及对照组,经鼻内喷雾感染马,5 mL/匹,每天观察试验马的临床症状和发病情况,14 d后进行剖检,观察各组织脏器病理变化并应用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测鼻腔排毒及病毒分布情况。结果显示,EHV-1 XJ2015株感染马的ID₅₀为10^-6.67/5 mL,其病毒含量为10^4.33 TCID₅₀/mL。与对照组相比,1×10⁶和1×10⁵ TCID₅₀/mL感染组马临床评分显著升高,主要表现为体温升高（高达39.5 ℃,一般持续2~6 d）、食欲不振、流浆液性鼻液和下颌淋巴结肿大;且1×10⁶和1×10⁵ TCID₅₀/mL感染组试验马均表现出不同程度的排毒,肺脏及脑组织中可检测出大量病毒,与对照组相比极显著或显著升高（P<0.01;P<0.05）;病理学检查发现,患马脑组织出现非化脓性脑炎及神经元水肿,肺脏组织出现间质性肺炎、嗜中性粒细胞、炎性细胞浸润、出血和肺泡间隔增厚。以上结果表明,EHV-1 XJ2015株对马具有较强的致病性,患病马临床症状典型,病毒主要随鼻液排出,并富集在肺脏及脑组织,通过上述指标确定EHV-1感染马发病的判定标准,本试验成功建立EHV-1感染本体动物疾病模型。     

马疱疹病毒1型gp2基因缺失株的构建及生长特性分析

构建针对马疱疹病毒1型(equine herpesvirus-1,EHV-1)XJ2015株的转移载体pUC-gp2-LR和pUC-gp2-LR-EGFP;将EHV-1 XJ2015基因组与pUC-gp 2-LR-EGFP共转染至RK-13细胞,利用EGFP基因筛选获得EHV-1 XJ2015-gp2-/EGFP+毒株...     

马疱疹病毒1型ORF5基因分子特征分析及原核表达载体的构建

马疱疹病毒1型(EHV-1)对马产业造成严重的经济损失.该病的防控主要依赖疫苗免疫,但是现有的检测方法不能有效区分疫苗免疫与自然感染,给流行病学调查和疫病的防控带来了一定的阻碍.本研究聚焦EHV-1的非结构蛋白,以EHV-1 XJ2015株为研究对象,扩增ORF5基因进行其遗传进化分析、氨基酸序列差异性分析、蛋白质性质...     

马疱疹病毒1型主要毒力基因分析及TK基因缺失载体的构建

为了解新疆马疱疹病毒1型(EHV-1)主要毒力基因遗传进化情况并构建TK基因缺失株,本研究以EHV-1XJ2015株DNA为模板,对其主要毒力基因TK、gI和gE全长进行克隆、测序及生物信息学分析,并扩增TK基因左右重组臂TKL和TKR,构建质粒pUC-TKLR,将扩增后的增强绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP,含有CMV+polyA)插入pUC-TKLR质粒,构建TK基因缺失打靶质粒。TK、gI和gE基因同源性分析结果显示,XJ2015株与国外EHV-1分离株TK、gI和gE基因同源性均较高,分别为99.8%~100.0%、99.6%~100.0%和99.9%~100.0%;与EHV-3分离株同源性均最低,分别为72.9%、59.4%和62.1%;遗传进化分析显示,3个基因均与国外EHV-1同属于一个遗传进化分支,与EHV-9和EHV-4进化关系较近,但与EHV-3进化关系较远,表明XJ2015毒株与国外EHV-1毒株TK、gI、gE基因核苷酸上差异不明显,没有明显的地域性特征,功能基因保守且进化缓慢,同源基因功能相同或相近;经PCR扩增、酶切、测序及转染鉴定,本试验成功构建了用于TK基因缺失的打靶质粒pUC-TKLR-EGFP。通过对EHV-1主要毒力基因的分析及TK基因缺失打靶载体的构建,为新疆地区马鼻肺炎流行病学调查分析、TK基因缺失株的构建提供理论依据。     

上海市某马场马疱疹病毒1型感染的确诊

采用马疱疹病毒1型和4型二重PCR分型方法,对上海市某马场临床疑似病例的鼻拭子和血浆样品进行检测,同时对扩增产物进行测序和比对,确诊为马疱疹病毒1型阳性,表明上海市马群中存在马疱疹病毒1型感染。因此,应提高上海市马匹饲养管理水平,加强马疱疹病毒1型的定期免疫和检疫,及时对阳性马匹进行隔离,对马厩进行消毒。     

新疆伊犁地区马疱疹病毒1型ORF30基因序列分析

为研究马疱疹病毒1型（EHV-1-XJ2015）新疆伊犁分离株致病基因型,评估新疆EHV-1-XJ2015的潜在风险因素,本试验设计特异性引物,应用PCR技术扩增EHV-1-XJ2015分离株ORF30基因相应区域,连接至克隆载体,成功构建重组质粒pMD19-T-ORF30。测序结果表明,EHV-1-XJ2015毒株ORF30基因2 254 bp处为A,且编码天冬酰胺（N）,分析证明EHV-1-XJ2015基因型为非神经型毒株,毒力倾向表现为流产型毒株;遗传进化显示,EHV-1-XJ2015毒株与日本分离株90c16、00c19、HH1、NY03为同一分支,氨基酸同源性最高为100%。本研究结果为开展EHV-1分子流行病学调查研究及为新疆地区现有诊断方法和防控措施的评估提供理论依据。     

马疱疹病毒5型的鉴定及遗传进化分析

采集乌鲁木齐某马术俱乐部226匹纯血马鼻拭子样品,用高通量测序检测纯血马携带病毒多样性,结果宏病毒组学分析共产生73664946条reads,有16067条reads(0.022％)注释为哺乳动物病毒,其中105条reads注释到马疱疹病毒5型(EHV-5)gH基因.根据GenBank中的EHV-5参考株2-141/6...     

Establishment of QuantStudioTM 3D Digital PCR Method for Detection of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1

The purpose of this study was to establish a highly sensitive 3D digital PCR (3D-dPCR) method for the detection of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1),which could accurately and quantitatively detect the samples with low EHV-1 content and realize the early diagnosis and prevention of equine rhinopneumonia.According to the conserved region of EHV-1 glycoprotein B gene,we designed specific primers and probes,optimized the concentration and annealing temperature of primers in the 3D-dPCR reaction system,analyzed the sensitivity,specificity and repeatability of this method,and established the 3D-dPCR method of EHV-1.In this study,the best concentration of primer and probe of 3D-dPCR was 0.4 and 0.4 μmol/L respectively,the best annealing temperature was 60 ℃,R² of the absolute quantitative curve of the method was 0.998,the linear relationship was good,the sensitivity was about 10 times higher than that of Real-time PCR,and the minimum detection limit was 5.83 copies/μL.There was no cross reaction with EHV-4,Theileria equi and the nucleic acid of equine arteritis.The results showed that the positive rate of 3D-dPCR was 66.7%,which was higher than that of Real-time PCR for EHV-1 in OIE (64.2%).The results of 3D-dPCR were consistent with those of Real-time PCR,and the sensitivity of 3D-dPCR to the samples with low virus content was higher,which could effectively detect suspicious samples.The results showed that the established 3D-dPCR method was more sensitive,specific and reproducible for the detection of clinical samples with low copy number,and could be used for the accurate and quantitative detection of EHV-1.     

猫疱疹病毒1型的分离鉴定及gD基因序列分析

为研究猫疱疹病毒1型(FHV-1)的分子流行病学特征,对2016年-2017年从洛阳及天津地区多家宠物医院收集的具有上呼吸道感染症状的病猫眼鼻拭子样品,用FK-81细胞进行病毒分离,通过间接免疫荧光试验、电镜形态观察和gD基因测序分析等方法鉴定所分离的病毒,并进行病毒体外生长动力学研究。结果显示,病料在FK-81细胞上接种后24 h^36 h呈现变圆、融合、局灶性堆积聚团和脱落等细胞病变;分离毒株可被FHV-1单克隆抗体特异性识别;电镜下可观察到病毒粒子呈圆形、有囊膜、直径约130 nm,具有疱疹病毒科的典型形态特征,将所分离到的5株FHV-1分别命名为2016TJ1株、2016TJ2株、2017LY1株、2017LY2株和2017LY3株;病毒一步生长曲线测定结果显示,接种后12 h^36 h病毒快速增殖,40 h^60 h病毒滴度达到高峰,72 h病毒滴度开始下降;5株FHV-1 gD基因序列之间的同源性为100%,核酸序列高度保守且与国内外流行株及疫苗株的同源性极高。研究结果为我国宠物猫群中FHV-1的病原分离、分子流行病学调查等研究积累了资料。     

马疱疹病毒1型LAMP检测方法的建立

本试验旨在建立一种检测马疱疹病毒1型（EHV-1）的快速、灵敏、特异的环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）,同时评价该方法的可靠性。根据马鼻肺炎糖蛋白B（gB）基因特异保守序列设计多对LAMP引物,利用LAMP Real Time Turbidimeter LA-320仪监测反应进程,进行引物筛选和反应条件的优化,建立能特异性扩增EHV-1 DNA的LAMP检测方法,并加入SYBR GreenⅠ通过肉眼判断结果。该方法在65 ℃恒温下作用50 min,使EHV-1 DNA获得了高效率的特异性扩增,与其他马易感病毒如马疱疹病毒4型（EHV-4）等无交叉反应;且具有极高的灵敏性,可检测到10^-4稀释的目标病毒,比普通PCR的灵敏度高10倍;反应结束后加入SYBR GreenⅠ肉眼观察的结果与LAMP Real Time Turbidimeter LA-320仪监测结果一致。通过将4份临床样品的LAMP检测结果与已得到验证的PCR结果进行比对,结果显示符合率为100%。本研究建立的LAMP检测方法具有快速、特异、灵敏、简单易操作且设备要求低等特点,具有实地检测EHV-1的前景。     

Neuropathogenic and non-neuropathogenic genotypes of Equid Herpesvirus type 1 in Argentina

Infection with Equid Herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) leads to respiratory disease, abortion, and neurological disorders in horses. Molecular epidemiology studies have demonstrated that a single nucleotide polymorphism (A₂₂₅₄/G₂₂₅₄) in the genome region of the open reading frame 30 (ORF30), which results in an amino acid variation (N₇₅₂/D₇₅₂) of the EHV-1 DNA polymerase, is significantly associated with the neuropathogenic potential of naturally occurring strains. In order to estimate the prevalence of the EHV-1 neuropathogenic genotype in our country, we analyzed the ORF30 genome region of Argentinean EHV-1 isolates. The study was carried out by real time allelic discrimination PCR in 90 equine EHV-1-positive samples, being 89 from 54 cases of abortion outbreaks (two of which were in association with neurological disease) and one from the respiratory tract of a healthy horse in training. Our results indicate that 7% (4/54) of the abortion outbreaks studied were induced by the neuropathogenic (G₂₂₅₄) genotype of EHV-1 and 50% (2/4) of them were associated with simultaneous neurological disease. This information emphasizes the necessity to extreme the hygienic and preventive measures to diminish EHV-1 infections and consequently reduce the risk of epizootic neurological disease as has been recently observed in other countries.     

鸽痘病毒TK基因的扩增、克隆及序列分析

根据3个鸡痘病毒株的TK基因序列,借助基因分析软件设计合成了引物H1 、H2一。对PPV地方分离弱毒株PPVR的3个型PPVD(大)、PPVZ(中)、PPVX(小)和强毒株PPVY及鸽痘病毒疫苗株VVG、鸡痘病毒疫苗株VVJ进行TK基因的PCR,均成功地扩增出预期大小的目的片段。对PCR产物用限制性内切酶NcoI进行酶切分析,结果酶切产物得到两条条带,大小分别为628 bp和732 bp,与3个已发表的TK基因分析结果一致。分别将6个禽痘病毒TK基因克隆至pGEM-T Easy载体中,重组质粒经PCR和酶切鉴定后,进行测序。结果表明,本试验获得的TK基因长1 360 bp,存在一个NcoI酶切位点,两个XbaI酶切位点。序列分析表明:PPVD和PPVX同VVG和VVJ的TK基因同源性为100％;在TK基因的编码区内PPVY有一个碱基与其它毒株不同;各毒株TK基因的侧翼都存在15 bp的正向重复序列和8 bp的倒转重复序列;PPVD、PPVX和PPVZ虽然来源于同一个毒株,但TK基因存在差异。     

Detection and Management of an Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Infection and Associated Neurological Disease in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital

Background: Because of the serious disease sequelae associated with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV‐1) infections, awareness and control measures used to control outbreaks are important issues for all horse populations. Objectives: Describe the occurrence and management of an outbreak of EHV‐1 infection at a veterinary hospital. Animals: Horses hospitalized at a referral veterinary hospital. Methods: A horse with myeloencephalopathy associated with EHV‐1 infection (EHM) was admitted for diagnostic evaluation and treatment under strict infection control procedures. We describe the occurrence and management of a nosocomial outbreak of EHV‐1 infections associated with admission of this patient. Results: Despite institution of rigorous biosecurity precautions at the time of admission of the index case, EHV‐1 infections spread to 6 other horses that were hospitalized at the James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hopsital, including 2 that served as sources of infection for horses on their home premises after discharge. Infection with EHV‐1 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by seroconversion documented by glycoprotein G ELISA. A voluntary quarantine was imposed and admissions were restricted to prevent additional horses from being exposed. Quarantine duration was abbreviated by serial testing of all horses with PCR. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These findings illustrate the contagious disease risk that can accompany management of horses with EHM. Horses with active nasal EHV‐1 shedding should be isolated in an airspace that is separate from other horses by strictly enforced biosecurity and isolation procedures. Serial testing with PCR may be a useful adjunct to determine when the risk of transmission has been minimized.