蜜蜂与壁蜂对大樱桃授粉效果对比研究

为了解蜜蜂和壁蜂两种授粉方式对大樱桃坐果率、产量及果实品质的影响,本试验开展了蜜蜂与壁蜂的大樱桃授粉效果对比研究。结果表明,蜜蜂授粉区效果最好,坐果率为62.8%,每667 m²产量为1151.5 kg;壁蜂授粉区次之,坐果率为45.3%,每667 m²产量为1147.5 kg;常规授粉区坐果率为25.3%,每667 m²产量为1071.5 kg;空白对照区坐果率为21.6%,每667 m2产量为1044.5 kg;授粉方式对果实品质的影响不大。     

Protective effect of sodium selenite on human keratinocytes from ultraviolet-B irradiation

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) on human keratinocytes under ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation. METHODS: The cultured HaCaT cells were divided into 4 groups: (1) normal control group; (2) Na₂SeO₃ group: pretreated with Na₂SeO₃ at doses of 10 nmol/L, 50 nmol/L, 100 nmol/L, 200 nmol/L and 1 μmol/L for 24 h; (3) UVB group: irradiated with UVB at doses of 300, 600 and 900 J/m² ; (4) Na₂SeO₃+UVB group: after pretreated with Na₂SeO₃ for 24 h, irradiated with UVB at doses of 300, 600 and 900 J/m² . The cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The apoptotic rates of HaCaT cells treated with UVB at dose of 300 J/m² were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, the cell proliferation activity in UVB group decreased significantly (P<0.05). The cell activity was inversely correlated with the irradiation intensity. No significant difference of the cell activity between Na₂SeO₃ group and normal control group was observed. The cell proliferation in Na₂SeO₃+UVB group was higher than that in UVB group significantly (P<0.05). Na₂SeO₃ at concentration of 100 nmol/L showed the strongest activity to promote cell proliferation. After 300 J/m² UVB irradiation, the apoptotic rate in Na₂SeO₃+UVB group decreased significantly (P<0.05) compared with UVB group. The inhibitory effect of Na₂SeO₃ at concentration of 100 nmol/L on apoptosis was the strongest.CONCLUSION: The damage of human keratinocytes by UVB irradiation is in a dose-dependent manner. The photoprotection performance of Na₂SeO₃ reduces the damage of human keratinocytes induced by UVB irradiation.     

不同生物农药防治草地贪夜蛾幼虫田间药效试验

开展了20%多杀霉素悬浮剂、200亿PIB/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂、100亿孢子/mL短稳杆菌悬浮剂、32000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂等生物药剂防治玉米草地贪夜蛾幼虫大田药效试验。试验结果表明,施药后7、14 d,以20%多杀霉素悬浮剂20 mL/667 m²防效最佳,分别为91%和80.77%。药后7 d,200亿PIB/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂50 mL/667 m²、32000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂300 g/667 m²、100亿孢子/mL短稳杆菌悬浮剂100 mL/667 m²,防效分别为74.78%、50.93%、32.72%;药后14 d,200亿PIB/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂50 mL/667 m²、100亿孢子/mL短稳杆菌悬浮剂100 mL/667 m²、32000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂300 g/667 m²,防效分别为53.45%、53.22%、52.81%。综合来看,20%多杀霉素悬浮剂20 mL/667 m²防治草地贪夜蛾幼虫效果明显,具有良好的速效性和持效性。     

茭白鞘叶地埋式生物反应堆对大棚草莓生长及土壤肥力的影响

为实现茭白鞘叶的无害化处理与资源化利用,提高大棚草莓的产量、品质和土壤有机质含量,特开展本试验。试验结果表明,BR2(每667 m²埋施2000 kg茭白鞘叶)处理草莓产量达到2658.7 kg/667 m²,比对照常规处理增产31.02%;可溶性总糖、维生素C含量和糖酸比分别比对照处理提高35.54%、25.41%和21.30%;此外,与对照相比,BR2处理日平均增温最大可达到1.29℃,CO₂通量提高1.87~2.78倍,土壤有机质含量提高0.64%。     

冀北坝上及坝下地区华北落叶松林土壤碳储量的比较

为了解冀北坝上坝下地区华北落叶松林土壤碳汇功能的差异,对河北省北部坝上坝下地区的华北落叶松林的土壤有机碳含量及碳密度进行了对比研究。结果表明,坝下地区华北落叶松人工林各土层土壤有机碳含量高于坝上地区,但其差异随土层深度的变化而有所不同;坝上及坝下地区18年生华北落叶松林土壤有机碳密度未表现出明显差异,分别为15.6 kg/m²和13.2 kg/m²;40年生华北落叶松林土壤有机碳密度则有显著差异,分别为21.9 kg/m²和27.9 kg/m²;坝上及坝下地区华北落叶松人工林土壤有机碳含量的垂直分布表现出不同的变化趋势,坝上地区土壤有机碳含量随土壤深度增加而下降的趋势较缓,而坝下地区下降趋势更为明显。     

Changes in human atrial myocyte dimension among different ages

AIM:To observe the changes in right atrial myocyte dimensions with myocardial development. METHODS: Cell length, width, length/width and cross-sectional area were measured in right atrial myocytes isolated from 12 weaning , 10 young , 13 adult human hearts. RESULTS: Cell length, width, length/width and cross-sectional area, at weanling group were (70.2±1.3) μm, (8.0±0.2) μm, (9.0±0.2) and (50.9±2.6) μm², respectively, at young group were (93.5±1.6) μm, (11.7±0.3)μm, 8.1±0.2, (109.7±5.8) μm², and (100.9±2.2) μm, (12.1±0.3) μm, 8.5±0.2, (119.0±5.5) μm² for adult group. Clearly, young myocyte lenght, width, cross-sectional area were greater than that of myocytes at weanling group(P＜0.01) but adult myocytes length/width and cross-sectional area increase slightly compared with young group. The length/width ratio has no significant change through myocyte maturity, which is between 8-9. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that myocyte dimensions expect length/width ratio have increased progressively with maturity, the length/width ratio is preserved in atrial myocyte during the period of normal myocyte growth from weanling to adulthood, and these changes in myocyte dimensions are similar with ventricular myocytes changes from other mammalian species.     

Effect of propofol titration and traditional administration on hemodynamic changes during general anesthesia induction

AIM: To compare the hemodynamic changes of the patients with propofol induction by titrated administration and traditional administration. METHODS: Sixty patients with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) I or II, aged 18~60 years and scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, were selected in the study and randomly divided into 2 groups. The patients in group I received intravenous infusion of propofol at the dose of 2 mg/kg by a Fresenius pump at the rate of 250 mg·min-1. The patients in group II received intravenous infusion of propofol by a Fresenius pump at the rate of 1 mg·kg-1·min-1 until the OAA/S scale of the patients reached 1, then propofol administration changed to a maintenance dose (1 mg·kg^-1·h^-1 ). As propofol was administered, fentanyl (4 μg·kg^-1) was intravenously pumped (250 μg·min^-1) at the same time. Cis-atracrium (2 mg·kg^-1) was intravenously given 1 min after completion of propofol in group I, and after the patients fell asleep in group II. Tracheal intubation was performed 4 min later. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were monitored at different time points during induction period. The cases of the patients whose blood pressure decreased by more than 30% were recorded. The patients were asked whether they could recall the intubation process next day after operation. RESULTS: All patients were successfully intubated at the first attempt and no recall of the intubation process was observed. The decreases in SBP and MBP 1 and 3 min after propofol administration and DBP 1 min after propofol administration in group II were significantly less than those in group Ⅰ(P<0.01). The cases of blood pressure decreasing by more than 30% in group II were also less that those in group I. CONCLUSION: Titration of propofol for anesthesia induction not only provides satisfying anesthesia for intubation, but also offers more stable hemodynamics.     

套餐肥对高山大白菜连作土壤的修复效果

为初步探讨套餐肥对高山大白菜种植区域中度酸化土壤的修复效果,设置套餐肥、营养土+复合肥和农户习惯施肥(CK)3个处理进行了土壤修复大田对比试验。试验结果表明,相较营养土+复合肥及CK处理,套餐肥处理667 m²产量分别增加1080.0、1813.0 kg,增幅13.7%、25.4%;667 m²纯收入分别增加572.8、418.0元,增幅为21.8%、14.0%;套餐肥处理的土壤pH值较试验前提高0.20,较营养土+复合肥及CK处理分别提高0.07、0.16;有机质含量较试验前提高1.2 g/kg,较营养土+复合肥及CK处理分别提高0.90、0.01 g/kg。说明套餐肥处理不仅增产增收效果明显,而且对土壤pH值及有机质含量有提升作用,可以在高山蔬菜产区进一步优化推广使用。     

茎瘤芥(榨菜)新品种渝直80的选育

渝直80是以茎瘤芥与甘蓝型油菜天然远缘杂交株为材料,利用优良自交系郫县榨菜连续回交7代以上再自交,创制的茎瘤芥稳定新品系。该品种中早熟,株型直立紧凑,耐密植,瘤茎扁圆形、肉瘤钝圆,皮色淡绿,间沟浅,平均单个瘤茎鲜质量500~600 g,茎叶比1.3~1.6,皮薄筋少,耐空心,粗蛋白含量(以干基计)33.29%,含水量低,脱水速度快,鲜食加工均可,加工成菜率和品质与永安小叶相当,宜直播栽培,667 m²种植6000~7000株;育苗移栽8000~9000株/667 m²,一般产量3000~3500 kg/667 m²,高产可达4000 kg/667 m²。可在重庆市榨菜主产区海拔500 m以下主要作榨菜加工原料栽培。     

Relationship between invasion of tumor-associated macrophages and phenotype and immune efficacy of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in advanced ovarian carcinoma

AIM:To explore the relationship between the invasion of tumor-associated macrophages(TAM) and the phenotype and immune efficacy of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TIL) in advanced ovarian carcinoma. METHODS:Immunohistochemical analysis of TAM density in 175 cases of poorly-differentiated ovarian cancer tissue biopsy was performed. The cases were divided into TAM high-density(TAM^High) group and TAM low-density(TAM^Low) group according to the median of TAM density. The control group included 32 cases of benign ovarian lesions. The changes of CD8⁺ and CD25⁺ phenotypes of TIL were detected by flow cytometry analysis. TIL in the 2 groups were cultured in vitro and the conditioned-medium was collected for detecting the expression of IL-2, IL-10, TGF-β and IFN-γ by ELISA. RESULTS:The average TAM infiltration density was 62.8/high-power field(HP, ×400) in 175 cases of poorly-differentiated ovarian carcinoma, and the median was 53.3/HP. TAM^High group was 87 cases and TAM^Low group was 88 cases. A significant difference between malignant ovarian carcinoma group and control group(10.5/HP) was observed. The mean expression of CD8⁺ TIL in TAM^High group was 24%, and CD8⁺ TIL in TAM^Low group was 52%(P<0.05). The mean expression of CD25⁺ TIL in TAM^High was 48%, and CD25⁺ TIL in TAM^Low was 25%(P<0.05). The average infiltration density of CD8⁺ and CD25⁺ TIL in control group was 7%. The average infiltration density of CD8⁺ and CD25⁺ TIL in TAM^High and TAM^Low groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05). Compared with TAM^Low group, TIL destruction cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ were significantly decreased in TAM^High group(P<0.05), while the inhibitory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:In high-density TAM infiltration of ovarian cancer tissues, CD25⁺ TIL type and inhibitory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β increase, while CD8⁺ TIL type and destruction cytokines IL-2/IFN-γ decrease, suggesting that the high-density TAM has relationship with the phenotype and immune efficacy of TIL.     

Effect of NCA on excitation-contraction coupling of cardiac muscle from phospholamban knockout mice

AIM: Nitroxyl(HNO) increases myofilament Ca²⁺ responsiveness relative to increases in intracellular Ca²⁺ in cardiac muscle. In this study, we further investigated this effect of HNO on trabecular muscles from phospholamban knockout(PLB-KO) and wide-type(WT) mice using a novel HNO donor, 1-nitrosocyclohexyl acetate(NCA). METHODS: Trabecular muscles were dissected from the right ventricles of the rat hearts and mounted between a force transducer and a motor arm. The muscles were superfused with K-H solution(pH 7.4) at room temperature. Fura-2 was loaded into the trabecular muscles via electrophoresis. The length of the sarcomere was set to 2.2~2.3μm. During steady-state activations, the maximal Ca²⁺-activated force and Ca²⁺ required for 50% activation were measured. RESULTS: The intracellular Ca²⁺ transients and force of the PLB-KO muscles at baseline were higher than those of the WT muscles and exhibited a negative force-frequency relationship(FFR). NCA(2.5μmol/L) increased systolic force in both PLB-KO group and WT group at any given[Ca²⁺]_o. However, there was more dramatic increase in the force development due to moderate increases in the intracellular Ca²⁺ transients in the WT muscles when external Ca²⁺ increased from 1.5 to 4.5 mmol/L under NCA. NCA did not affect the negative FFR in PLB-KO muscle. Steady-state force-Ca²⁺ relations obtained from skinned muscles were not different between the 2 groups, while NCA increased Ca²⁺ responsiveness in skinned muscles from both PLB-KO and WT mice.CONCLUSION: HNO increases force development in both PLB-KO and WT muscles as a result of increases in myofilament Ca²⁺ responsiveness. The increased intracellular Ca²⁺ transients are accompanied by greater force development in WT mice, suggesting that HNO improves Ca²⁺ activation and establishes HNO as a positive inotropic agent with novel mechanisms.     

Effects of metformin combined with Ge Xia Zhu Yu decoction on TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with polycystic ovary and insulin resis-tance

AIM: To study the effect of metformin (Met) combinated with Ge Xia Zhu Yu decoction on Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance induced by dehydroepiandrosterone, and to explore the mechanisms. METHODS: PCOS rats (after induced by dehydroepiandrosterone, n=110) were randomly divided into 3 groups:model group (30 rats), Met treatment group (40 rats) and Met combinated with Ge Xia Zhu Yu decoction treatment (combination) group (40 rats). The rats in model group were given the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride daily by gavage. The rats in Met group were given Met (270 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) by gavage. The rats in combination group were given Met (270 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) and Ge Xia Zhu Yu decoction (34.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) by gavage. All rats were continuously intervened for 28 d. After the intervention, blood glucose[fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG)] was measured. The mRNA expression levels of follicular epithelial NF-κB, TLR-4 and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were detected by RT-PCR. The serum levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also detected by ELISA. RESULTS: After the intervention, FPG, 2hPBG, and serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and CRP in Met group and combination group were lower than those in model group (P<0.05), and those in combination group were lower than those in Met group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the mRNA expression levels of follicular epithelial NF-κB, TLR-4 and ox-LDL in Met group and combination group were lower than those in model group (P<0.05), and those in combination group were lower than those in Met group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Treatment with Met combined with Ge Xia Zhu Yu decoction improves insulin resistance in PCOS rats by decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors in serum and epithelial cells of ovary and inhibiting the expression of NF-κB, TLR-4 and ox-LDL in epithelial tissue of ovary.     

Association between ERK5 -322G/T polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer

AIM: To investigate the correlation between extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 ( ERK5 ) -322G/T polymorphism (rs3866958) and the susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) in southern Chinese population. METHODS: ERK5 -322G/T genotypes were determined by Taqman-MGB probes in 835 CRC cases and 908 healthy controls. RESULTS: No significance of ERK5 -322G/T genotype distribution between CRC patients and controls was observed, but -322G/T decreased the susceptibility to CRC in fat people whose BMI was ≥ 24 kg/m². Compared to GG genotypes, the carriers with GT and TT genotypes had a significant decrease in the risk of CRC(OR=0.576,95%CI 0.413-0.804, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: ERK5 -322G/T polymorphism (rs3866958) has no significant relevance with sporadic CRC susceptibility, but decrease, the risk of CRC in people with fatness. The T variant genotype is an independent protective factor against sporadic CRC of overweight patients in southern Chinese population.     

Effect of hydrogen sulfide on airway inflammation induced by ozone in mice

AIM: To investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on airway inflammation induced by ozone (O₃) exposure and its mechanisms.METHODS: C57BL/6 mice (n=32) were randomly divided into control group, O₃ group, NaHS+O₃ group and NaHS group. The mice in O₃ group and O₃+NaHS group were exposed to 2.14 mg/m³ O₃ for 3 h on days 1, 3 and 5, while the mice in control group and NaHS group were exposed to filtered air. NaHS (14 μmol/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to the mice in NaHS group and O₃+NaHS group 30 min before each exposure. After the last exposure for 24 h, the airway responsiveness was determined, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for counting inflammatory cells and measuring total protein concentration. The lung tissues were collected for observing the morphological changes with HE staining. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), malondialdehyde (MDA) and NF-κB p65 protein in the lungs were determined.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the airway responsiveness, inflammatory cells, protein concentration, inflammation score, levels of IL-6, IL-8, MDA and NF-κB p65 in O₃ group increased significantly, but these in NaHS+O₃ group decreased compared with O₃  group.CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that H₂S attenuates O₃ induced airway inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB expression and preventing lipid peroxidation.     

43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂防治草莓二斑叶螨药效试验

采用田间试验法评估43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂20、25、30 g·(667 m2)-1对草莓二斑叶螨的防治效果。结果表明:在二斑叶螨盛发初期施药1次,30 g·(667 m2)-1 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂处理对草莓二斑叶螨的防治效果最佳,速效性好,持效期较长,药后7 d的防效在85%以上,且各处理对草莓生长和非靶标动物均未产生不良影响。     

Relationship of p21WAF1 gene polymorphisms with protein expression in breast carcinomas

AIM: To investigate the relationship between p21^WAF1gene polymorphisms and protein expression in breast carcinoma. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphisms technique (PCR-SSCP) and immunohistochemical assay of S-P immunostaining technique were used to study polymorphisms of p21^WAF1 and protein expression respectively on the specimen of paraffin-embedded tissues in 100 cases of breast carcinomas and 40 benign breast diseases as control. RESULTS: Two p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms were found in 18% (18/100) of breast carcinomas and 5% (2/40) of control samples. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ²=3.94, P＜0.05). The positive immunohistochemical reaction of p21^WAF1 protein were found in 50% (50/100) of breast carcinomas and 12.5% (5/40) of control samples. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ²=16.84, P＜0.01). The positive immunohistochemical reaction of p21^WAF1 protein were found in 100% (18/18) of breast carcinomas with p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms and 39% (32/82) of no p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (χ²=21.95, P＜0.01). The p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms were correlated with the protein expression in breast carcinomas (r=0.576, P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms may create the different copies of mRNA and may make relevant protein molecules.     

Nicotine aggravates experimental choroidal neovascularization by modulating macrophage polarization

AIM: To investigate the role of macrophages in the process of nicotine aggravating choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS: After administration of nicotine (100 mg/L in drinking water) for 4 weeks, the mice were used to induce CNV by laser photocoagulation. Seven days after laser injury, the mice were perfused with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran through the left ventricle, and areas of CNV were measured. At the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after laser injury, the spatial and temporal distribution of macrophages was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA expression of macrophage-related markers were detected by RT-qPCR. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammation-related molecules including intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in the retinal pigment epithelium-choroid-sclera complexes were detected at the 1st and 3rd days after laser photocoagulation. RESULTS: The degree of leakage and areas of CNV were significantly increased by nicotine exposure compared with control group. Heavy leakage rate and areas of CNV of in nicotine group were 56.25% and (17 569.96±1 444.00) μm², while those in control group were 31.25% and (10 158.63±711.00) μm² (P < 0.05). Nicotine promoted the infiltration of M2 macrophages and increased the ratio of M2/M1 macrophages (P < 0.05). In addition, nicotine accelerated the mRNA expression of M2 macrophage-related markers and up-regulated protein expression of VEGF, ICAM-1, TNF-α and IL-6 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nicotine promotes the polarization of M2 macrophages, increases the ratio of M2/M1 macrophages, and ultimately accelerates the development of CNV.     

Effects of Ca2+on the releases of ET-1, NO and PGI2 from bovine coronary artery endothelial cells during hypoxia

AIM: To explore the mechanism of ET-1, NO and PGI² release from coronary artery endothelial cells(CAEC) induced by acute hypoxia. METHODS: Bovine coronary artery endothelial cells were cultured and [⁴⁵ Ca²⁺] was used to investigate the difference of calcium uptake between normoxia group and hypoxia group(3% O₂). The contents of ET-1, NO and PGI² in media of normoxia group, hypoxia group and hypoxia + verapamil group were measured 24 h after hypoxia. RESULTS: [ ⁴⁵ Ca²⁺] uptake by CAEC in hypoxia group was 1.9 times more than normoxia group(P< 0.01). Hypoxia + verapamil group released more PGI², ET-1 and less NO than hypoxia group(P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Changes of ET-1, NO and PGI² releases during hypoxia may be caused by the inflow of Ca²⁺ into coronary artery endothelial cells.     

薄皮甜瓜新品种花雷3号的选育

花雷3号是以高代自交系HJM为母本、高代自交系BX为父本经杂交选育而成的早熟薄皮甜瓜1代杂种.果实筒形,成熟时果皮黄绿色且覆暗绿色斑块,果肉白色,肉厚2.0～2.2 cm,肉质清脆,中心可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)16％,单株可连续坐果3～5个,单瓜质量700～800 g.春季大棚栽培果实发育期约29 d,全生育期约8...     

朝天椒新品种‘骄阳6号’的选育

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