表达无毒性大肠杆菌ST1-LTB融合蛋白基因工程菌株的构建

利用基因突变技术，将形成ST1分子内二硫键的半胱氨酸碱基进行突变，使ST1失去本身毒性，进而将其与含有LTB基因的pET-28b( )连接，转化至受体菌BL21(DE3)，重组菌株BL21(DE3)(pXST3LTB)经IPTG诱导后，其表达产物免疫的小鼠能够抵抗大肠杆菌强毒菌的攻击并且消除了ST1的毒性，表明构建的工程菌株BL21(DE3)(pXST3LTB)可作为预防幼畜大肠杆菌性腹泻基因工程菌苗的候选菌株。     

猪圆环病毒2型Cap 蛋白部分基因序列与大肠杆菌LTB成熟肽基因的融合表达及免疫原性研究

为了获得猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV-2)衣壳蛋白(Cap)基因3’端396 bp的片段与大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位(LTB)成熟肽编码区融合基因的高效表达,并检验重组蛋白的免疫保护效果。以含PCV-2全基因组的pMDT PCV-2质粒为模板,用PCR的方法扩增PCV-2 Cap基因,并将其克隆到pET28a( )中,构建得到pET-Cap质粒,利用EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切切下Cap基因3’末端396 bp的片段,插入到pET-LTB原核表达质粒LTB基因的3’末端,从而构建pET-LTB△Cap原核表达质粒,将其转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS后,用IPTG诱导重组菌,用SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blot检测诱导物。表达产物经初步纯化后用昆明系小白鼠做免疫保护实验。结果表明:pET-LTB△Cap重组融合表达质粒在大肠杆菌中实现了高效表达,融合蛋白分子量约为29Ku,表达量约占菌体蛋白的36.67%,融合蛋白能被PCV-2阳性血清识别。攻毒后,所有小鼠临床表现正常。用PCR检测有1/8的免疫小鼠感染了PCV-2,而对照组8只小鼠都感染了PCV-21。PCV-2 Cap基因3’端396 bp的片段与LTB基因融合能实现高效表达,表达产物免疫的小白鼠可抵抗PCV-2的攻击此研究为PCV-2基因工程疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位在干酪乳杆菌中的分泌表达及其GM1结合活性分析

为获得表达大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位(LTB)的乳酸菌表达系统,并分析其免疫反应性和神经节苷脂受体(GM1)结合活性,本研究将编码LTB蛋白的eltb基因片段插入干酪乳杆菌分泌型表达载体pPG-2中,构建重组质粒pPG-2-eltb,电转化于干酪乳杆菌393中。筛选获得重组干酪乳杆菌,应用western blot和间接ELISA方法鉴定LTB表达情况,并检测其与GM1结合活性。结果显示,目的蛋白以分泌形式表达,可被LTB阳性血清识别。GM1-ELISA试验结果证实表达的LTB可与牛GM1特异性结合。表明LTB蛋白在重组干酪乳杆菌获得了表达,并且具有免疫反应活性和佐剂活性,为以LTB为分子佐剂研制乳酸菌黏膜疫苗奠定基础。     

Evaluation of the immunogenicity of a transgenic tobacco plant expressing the recombinant fusion protein of GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin in pigs

Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) can be used as an adjuvant for co-administered antigens. Our previous study showed that the expression of neutralizing epitope GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in transgenic tobacco plant (GP5-T) could induce PRRSV-specific immune responses in pigs. A transgenic tobacco plant co-expressing LTB and PRRSV GP5 as a fusion protein (LTB-GP5-T) was further constructed and its immunogenicity was evaluated. Pigs were given orally three consecutive doses of equal concentration of recombinant GP5 protein expressed in leaves of LTB-GP5-T or GP5-T at a 2-week interval and challenged with PRRSV at 7 weeks post-initial immunization. Pigs receiving LTB-GP5-T or GP5-T developed PRRSV-specific antibody- and cell-mediated immunity and showed significantly lower viremia and tissue viral load and milder lung lesions than wild type tobacco plant (W-T). The LTB-GP5-T-treated group had relatively higher immune responses than the GP5-T-treated group, although the differences were not statistically significant.     

大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位与产气荚膜梭菌β1、β2毒素融合基因的构建及表达

为了构建含大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位(LTB)与产气荚膜梭菌β1、β2毒素融合基因的表达菌株,试验将亚克隆LTB基因融合到β2-β1毒素基因的上游,构建了pET30a-LTB-β2-β1原核表达载体,经IPTG诱导表达,对其表达产物进行SDS-PAGE检测和Western-blot分析。结果表明:重组菌株可以表达LTB-β2-β1融合蛋白,且该融合蛋白可以被相应的抗体识别。     

大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位在原核细胞中的高效表达

从含有LT全毒素基因操纵子的质粒EWD299中扩增出LT的B亚单位基因后定向克隆于原核表达载体pET28a中，转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）plyss，用IPTG诱导表达后，将全茵裂解，用SDS—PAGE和Western blot检测重组茵中外源蛋白的表达情况。结果表明，在原核细胞中高效表达了LTB蛋白，表达的重组蛋白占菌体蛋白总量的38％。     

B subunit of E. coli enterotoxin as adjuvant and carrier in oral and skin vaccination

Mucosal sites are one of the main natural ports of entry into the body. Stimulation of a local response by antibodies as the systemic protection may enhance the efficacy of non-living vaccines, and allow for vaccination by subunit vaccines without the need for injection. Mucosal or skin vaccination necessitates a suitable adjuvant and carrier. Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and its B subunit (LTB) have been found to be effective adjuvants. The aim of this study was to efficiently produce and purify recombinant LTB (brLTB), and examine its adjuvant and carrier properties. The gene encoding LTB was cloned and expressed in E. coli, and the product was found to have a pentameric form with the ability to bind the cell receptor, GM1 ganglioside. A one-step method for efficient purification and concentration of brLTB was developed. Both oral and intramuscular vaccination with purified brLTB yielded high antibody titers, which detected the whole toxin. In an attempt to test its adjuvant characteristics, brLTB was mixed with either BSA or a recombinant protein (rKnob of egg drop syndrome adenovirus) and delivered intramuscularly, orally or transcutaneously. The addition of brLTB significantly elevated the antibody response in groups vaccinated orally and transcutaneously, but had no influence in injected groups. Vaccination with another recombinant protein, (viral protein 2 of infectious bursal disease virus) supplemented with brLTB did not elevate the antibody response, as compared to vaccination with the antigen alone. These results demonstrate that the addition of brLTB makes oral and transcutaneous vaccination with protein antigens possible.     

猪肺炎支原体p97 R1区基因和大肠杆菌LTB基因的重组和表达

本研究从猪肺炎支原体的主要抗原蛋白及其免疫特点出发,将猪肺炎支原体纤毛粘附决定区R1区基因和具有黏膜免疫佐剂作用的大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位(the B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin LTB)基因重组表达,并且单独表达了R1区基因。将扩增的目的片段插入到表达载体pET-28a(+)中,分别构建了两个原核表达质粒pET28a(+)-rLTBR1和pET28a(+)-rR1,诱导表达了两个融合蛋白rLTBR1和rR1。对表达的目的蛋白进行了SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测,结果表明,表达的蛋白为特异的蛋白。本试验为进一步的研究rLTBR1融合蛋白在黏膜免疫方面的作用打下了基础。     

大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素A亚基K63突变体表达载体的构建及其在真核细胞中的表达

采用PCR方法从产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)44815菌株基因组中扩增不耐热肠毒素A亚基(LTA)编码基因,并将大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素A亚基基因插入到含有人CD5信号肽序列的pcDNACD5sp真核表达载体中,构建成pcDNACD5sp/LTA分泌性真核表达载体,然后采用定点突变方法将大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素A亚基第63位的丝氨酸改变为赖氨酸,构建成pcDNACD5sp/LTAK63突变体,经磷酸钙介导将pcDNACD5sp/LTAK63质粒转染HEK293T细胞进行表达.结果表明:试验克隆的大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素A亚基基因与GenBank中大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素A亚基基因序列相比,碱基序列、氨基酸序列同源性均达99%;表达产物经Western-blot检测,结果说明构建的含有人CD5信号肽的LTAK63基因能够在真核细胞中进行分泌性表达.     

重组大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素的表达及对小鼠胚胎稳定性的影响

为研究大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素（LT）对小鼠胚胎稳定性的影响,运用大肠杆菌表达系统制备了具有生物活性的重组大肠杆菌LT,用重组LT通过腹腔注射处理妊娠小鼠,分析了LT对小鼠胚胎稳定性的影响。首先采用PCR方法从产毒大肠杆菌菌株44815基因组中扩增LT的A、B亚基基因,将其插入到pET-20b（＋）原核表达载体pelB信号肽的下游,分别构建成LTA和LTB分泌型表达载体;将载体分别转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）pLysS,在IPTG的诱导下进行表达,利用Ni-NTA琼脂糖凝胶从细菌周质释放液中提取和纯化重组LTA和LTB蛋白;利用细胞毒性试验检测重组蛋白的生物活性。然后用制备的重组LT注射妊娠6d的小鼠,连续注射3d后,统计小鼠的胚胎存活率。同时用ELISA方法检测小鼠血清中与胚胎稳定性密切相关的Th1型细胞因子（IFN-γ、IL-2）和Th2型细胞因子（IL-4、IL-10）及IL-β的表达水平。结果表明,采用分泌性表达策略实现了重组LT在大肠杆菌中的高效分泌表达,LTA和LTB的表达量分别达68、62mg/L。表达的重组LT具有明显的细胞毒性作用;用LT处理妊娠小鼠,胚胎的存活率为32%,明显低于对照组;小鼠血清中Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-2的含量明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,分别为对照组的2、3倍。同时细胞因子IL-1β为对照组的2倍（P〈0.01）,而稳定胚胎发育的Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-10没有明显变化（P〉0.05）。据此推测,LT可能与大肠杆菌性肠炎引起妊娠家畜流产有关,LT对胚胎稳定性的影响除与LT的直接毒性有关外,可能还与LT介导的免疫调节异常有关。     

大肠杆菌O157和其它产志贺毒素大肠杆菌的毒力因子——粘附素

大肠杆菌O157的致病性已引起全世界公众和微生物学家的关注，而O157的致病因子有很多，本文就大肠杆菌O157可能的粘附素：菌毛、OMP及紧密素在致病中的作用进行综合评价，并对这些因子在其它产志贺毒素大肠杆菌中的出现率及与致病的关系进行分析，以期对大肠杆菌O157的致病机理有一个比较清楚的认识，推动我国对大肠杆菌O157的研究，以填补我国在这方面的相对空白。     

Oral immunisation of mice with a recombinant rabies virus vaccine incorporating the heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit of Escherichia coli in an attenuated Salmonella strain

To investigate effective new rabies vaccines, a fusion protein consisting of the rabies virus (RV) glycoprotein and the heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit of Escherichia coli (LTB) was successfully constructed and delivered in a live attenuated Salmonella strain LH430. Mice were immunised with LH430 carrying pVAX1-G, pVAX1-G-LTB or pVAX1-ori-G-LTB. The antibody titres of mice immunised with oral LH430 carrying pVAX1-G-LTB or pVAX1-ori-G-LTB were significantly higher than those of pVAX1-G-immunised mice. The results of the challenge with the rabies virus standard strain (CVS-11) showed that the LH430 strain carrying the G-LTB gene induced immunity and elevated IL-2 levels in immunised mice (⁷P < 0.01), whereas LH430 carrying pVAX1-G did not contribute to protection. These results show that LH430 carrying recombinant G-LTB could provide overall immunity against challenge with CVS-11 and should be considered to be a potential rabies vaccine.     

Comparison of the immune responses induced by oral immunization of mice with Lactobacillus casei-expressing porcine parvovirus VP2 and VP2 fused to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit protein

The major structural protein VP2 of porcine parvovirus (PPV) was used as the model parvovirus antigen, which has been expressed in Lactobacillus casei fusing with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) as mucosal adjuvant. The VP2-LTB DNA fragment was cloned into vector pPG611 or pPG612 to generated inducible surface-displayed and secretion expression systems based on xylose promoter, designated as rLc:pPG611-VP2-LTB (recombinant L. casei) and rLc:pPG612-VP2-LTB, respectively. Expression of the fusion protein was verified by SDS-PAGE, Western blot immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. It was observed that the level of IgG or sIgA from mice orally immunized with VP2-LTB was higher than that from mice received VP2 and negative control, which demonstrated significantly statistically different. Especially, the titer of IgG or sIgA in mice immunized with rLc:pPG612-VP2-LTB is the highest in this study. In summary, LTB as mucosal adjuvant was able to effectively facilitate induction of mucosal and systemic immunity by L. casei-expressing VP2 fusion protein.     

Pigeons as a possible reservoir of Shiga toxin 2f-producing Escherichia coli pathogenic to humans

Escherichia coli harboring stx2f which secrete the respective Shiga toxin (Stx) are frequently found in pigeons. In this report we describe the isolation of a stx2f-containing E. coli O128 strain from an 11-month old child with diarrhea and comparison of this strain with stx2f-positive E. coli isolates from droppings of pigeons. The human E. coli O128:NM (nonmotile) isolate had a fliC restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern identical to that in one of the pigeon isolates belonging to the serotype O128:H2. All isolates examined, including that from the patient and five from pigeons, contained the intimin-encoding eae gene in addition to stx2f and all of the strains possessed the gene encoding the major subunit of the long polar fimbriae in enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) 026. Plasmid-associated virulence genes such as EHEC-hlyA, as well as urease and tellurite resistance-encoding operons were absent from all the strains and this correlated with their lack of hemolytic activity and urease production and tellurite sensitivity. These features, together with the sorbitol fermentation phenotype of Stx2f-producing E. coli, hamper the laboratory diagnosis of these strains. Our data demonstrate that pigeons may be a reservoir of Stx2f-producing E. coli strains associated with human disease.     

鸡IL-2基因的克隆及GST-chIL2融合蛋白的表达

根据Sundick等发表的鸡IL-2基因(chIL2)序列设计合成特异性引物,用RT-PCR从ConA诱导的鸡脾淋巴细胞扩增出450 bp的目的片段,酶切鉴定及序列测定结果表明为鸡IL-2基因。该基因包括鸡IL-2基因的全部开放阅读框,编码142个氨基酸组成的蛋白质,与GenBank鸡IL-2基因相比,在编码氨基酸的49位有一个氨基酸缺失;而与Broiler、SC、Chenren和Xiaoshan鸡在编码氨基酸上完全一致,具有较近的亲缘关系;与Kestrel来航鸡、来航SPF鸡、Obese、Silky和Xianju鸡等有1-4个氨基酸的差异;与火鸡和鹌鹑的氨基酸同源性分别为69.9%和59.4%。将克隆到的基因插入到融合蛋白原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1中,得到重组表达质粒pGEX-IL2。将此重组质粒转化大肠杆菌DH5α,经IPTG诱导,表达出了大小约为40 ku的GST-chIL2融合蛋白,其中GST部分为26 ku,鸡IL-2为14 ku,与预期的鸡IL-2成熟蛋白大小一致。     

猪源大肠杆菌热稳定肠毒素的检测

致病性大肠杆菌产生一种或多种肠毒素称为肠毒素型大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic E．COLI ETEC)．ETEC是引起幼畜腹泻的重要病原菌。ETEC能借助于所产生的菌毛抗原粘附于动物小肠黏膜。定居并产生作用于肠壁的外毒素，称为肠毒素。主要有两类肠毒素：一类是不耐热性肠毒素即热敏感肠     

Bac-to-Bac系统表达鹿源BVDV E2蛋白及其免疫原性

为了制备针对鹿源BVDV E2蛋白的单克隆抗体,本试验通过RT-PCR技术扩增出鹿源BVDV E2的全长基因,并将其插入杆状病毒bac to bac表达系统的供体质粒pFast BacHTA中,构建含有BVDV E2基因的重组供体质粒pFast-E2,转化至含穿梭载体Bacmid的受体菌DH10Bac E.coli感受态中,经半乳糖苷酶的蓝白斑筛选,获得重组杆粒rBacmid-E2,然后将其转染sf9细胞后得到重组杆状病毒vBac-E2,E2基因会随着杆状病毒的增殖而获得表达。表达产物经直接免疫荧光检测,可见特异性荧光;Western-Blot定性分析,在大约38 000处出现1条特异性的蛋白印迹与预期大小相符,表明BVDV E2基因在该系统中得到了表达。本研究为研制针对鹿源BVDV E2蛋白的单克隆抗体及胶体金试纸条奠定了基础。     

Mucosal immunoadjuvant activity of the low toxic recombinant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin produced by Bacillus brevis for the bacterial subunit or component vaccine in pigs and cattle

A gene encoding the mature Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) lacking the nick site in the A subunit by deleting tripeptides was introduced in a vector pNH301 and expressed extracellularly as mutant molecule of holotoxin at high levels in Bacilus brevis HPD31-S5 of the host bacterium. The mucosal adjuvant activities of the produced mutant LT (mLT) preparation were studied in pigs and cattle. Intranasal immunization of pigs with the recombinant subunit vaccine of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae or the component vaccine of Bordetella bronchiseptica mixed with the mLT resulted in a substantial enhancement of both mucosal and serum-specific antibody levels. The immunized pigs were also protected when challenge-exposed intradermally with a highly virulent E. rhusiopathiae strain or challenge-exposed intranasally with a highly virulent strain of B. bronchiseptica. The mLT intranasally administered with recombinant intimin (an outer membrane adhesin) of E. coli O157:H7 also induced an elevation of IgA-specific antibody in the nasal secretion and saliva of calves as well as an elevation of IgG1-specific antibody level against the intimin in the sera and colostrum of cows. The three kinds tested protein antigens were poorly immunogenic when antigen administered intranasally alone. The mLT intranasally administered at a higher effective dose did not induce local adverse reactions or diarrhea in pigs and cattle. The present study demonstrates that the recombinant mLT produced using the B. brevis expression system might represent promising immunoadjuvants for the potential application of intranasal vaccines directed against infectious diseases in pigs and cattle.     

产肠毒素大肠杆菌肠毒素LTB、STⅠ和STⅡ融合基因的构建与表达研究

PCR方法扩增产肠毒素大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)LTB、STⅠ、STⅡ基因,将LTB、STⅠ、STⅡ基因重组入pET32a质粒载体,对构建的重组质粒pBST进行酶切分析、PCR检测以及核苷酸序列分析,结果表明,插入片段LTB-STⅡ-STⅠ的核苷酸序列与预期一致,且阅读框正确.pBST在宿主菌BL21(DE3)RIL中的表达产物经SDS-PAGE初步分析,显示重组融合蛋白的分子量约为40kD,其表达量约占菌体总蛋白的46%.