Polyphenol Oxidase, Peroxidase and Phenylalanine Ammonium Lyase Induced in Postharvest Peach Fruits by Inoculation with Pichia membranefaciens or Rhizopus stolonifer

Rhizopus rot of peach fruits could be significantly suppressed by Pichia membranefaciens.Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonium-lyase (PAL) activities inducedby inoculation with P. membranefaciens or R. stolonifer were studied in postharvest peach fruits. The activ-ities of PPO and PAL in peaches increased significantly after being inoculated with P. membranefaciens + R.stolonifer by 24 h, the activities maintained at a high level throughout the experiment. Under the condition ofinfected with R. stolonifer alone, activity of PPO and PAL could also increased, but the levels were lowerthan those treated with P. membranefaciens+ R. stolonifer. However, fruits inoculaed with P. membrane-faciens+ R. stolonifer or R. stolonifer alone did not stimulated POD activity. The results suggest that theactivation of these defense enzymes is involved in the action of P. membranefaciens against R. stolonifer.     

High-level recombinant gene expression in rabbit endothelial cells transduced by retroviral vectors

By virtue of its immediate contact with the circulating blood, the endothelium provides an attractive target for retroviral vector transduction for the purpose of gene therapy. To see whether efficient gene transfer and expression was feasible, rabbit aortic endothelial cells were infected with three Moloney murine leukemia virus-derived retroviral vectors. Two of these vectors carry genes encoding products that are not secreted: N2, containing only the selectable marker gene neoR, and SAX, containing both neoR gene and an SV40-promoted adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene. The third vector, G2N, contains a secretory rat growth hormone (rGH) gene and an SV40-promoted neoR gene. Infection with all three vectors resulted in expression of the respective genes. A high level of human ADA expression was observed in infected endothelial cell populations both before and after selection in G418. G2N-infected rabbit aortic endothelial cells that were grown on a synthetic vascular graft continued to secrete rGH into the culture medium. These studies suggest that endothelial cells may serve as vehicles for the introduction in vivo of functioning recombinant genes.     

刺激植物响应蛋白基因Epl1的载体构建及酵母转化

[目的]构建刺激植物响应蛋白Epll基因的真核表达载体,筛选多拷贝酵母转化子.[方法]以深绿木霉（Trichoderma atroviride）ACCC30153的cDNA为模板进行PCR获得Epl1基因片段,并将目的片段插入表达载体pPIC9K的相应位置,获得重组表达载体,并将pPIC9K-Epl1转入毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）GS115中,并用不同中终浓度的遗传霉素G418筛选多拷贝重组酵母菌株.[结果]对重组载体进行PCR及双酶切检测为阳性;在含有终浓度为2 mg/ml遗传霉素G418的YPD平板上筛选得到7株多拷贝的转化子GS115-Epl1,经PCR鉴定1株转化子呈阳性.[结论]Epl1基因的我体构建及多拷贝酵母转化子筛选为以后大量分离纯化Epl1蛋白并研究其功能奠定基础.     

拮抗菌与病原菌处理对采后桃果实多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶及苯丙氨酸解氨酶的诱导

 Pichiamembranefaciens能有效抑制桃果实采后软腐病。笔者观测和比较接种拮抗酵母菌P .mem branefaciens和软腐病菌Rhizopusstolonifer对采后桃果实多酚氧化酶 (PPO)、过氧化物酶 (POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的诱导情况。试验结果表明 ,桃果实接种P .membranefaciens +R .stolonifer 2 4h后 ,PPO和PAL活性开始升高 ,并在整个试验过程中一直保持较高的水平。只接种R .stolonifer也能诱导桃果实PPO和PAL活性的增加 ,但效果不如接种拮抗菌 +病原菌的好。然而 ,接种拮抗菌 +病原菌和只接种病原菌对诱导POD活性都没有明显的作用。可以认为 ,拮抗菌诱导抗性相关酶活性的提高是发挥抑病作用的一种重要方式     

法夫酵母整合型表达载体的构建

为了建立法夫酵母虾青素代谢途径研究和分子育种的技术体系,构建了法夫酵母的整合型表达载体.通过测定法夫酵母对G418的抗性来确定抗性筛选物的质量浓度,以来源于法夫酵母本身的rRNA基因为基因同源重组片段,利用法夫酵母肌动蛋白启动子和甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（gpd）启动子,构建了携带G418抗性基因的整合型载体pMD-18spakta和pMD-18spgktg.结果表明：法夫酵母对20 μg/mL质量浓度的G418敏感,将构建的载体转化法夫酵母菌株后,筛选得到了能够在含有G418的培养基上生长的转化子;利用PCR的方法检测到转化子中存在的抗性基因.将筛选得到的阳性菌株连续传代培养10次后,发现该菌株的G418抗性仍然存在;以总DNA为模板,用PCR的方法仍可检测到G418抗性基因.说明已经构建得到了遗传稳定性良好的法夫酵母整合型表达载体,构建的质粒pMD-18spakta和pMD-18spgktg可作为法夫酵母整合载体应用于法夫酵母的DNA重组实验.     

聚糖内切酶EGⅢ的克隆及其在酵母中的表达（摘要）

[目的]构建可降解纤维类固体废弃物的工程菌。[方法]采用RT-PCR方法克隆了绿色木霉（Trichoderma viride）AS313711的葡聚糖内切酶Ⅲ（EGⅢ）的cDNA,测序后构建到酵母表达载体pESP-2上,并通过电击法将其转到酵母感受态细胞中去,得到酵母表达转化子。通过DNS法测定该转化子在不同温度、不同pH值下酶活力的大小。[结果]EGⅢ的cDNA开放阅读框长度为1 257 bp,编码418个氨基酸,推测蛋白质分子量为44.1×10~3。在pH值为4.9、温度在60℃条件下,EGⅢ酶活力最高,相对酶活为100%。[结论]获得了高表达效率的EGⅢ-T-pESP-2酵母表达载体,其表达活性要比天然的酶高出3～5倍,只要调节好温度、pH值的关系,可提高纤维素葡聚糖内切酶的下游转化纤维素效率,在大规模生产中生产出大量的葡萄糖。     

草酸青霉菌I1的cDNA文库构建及其溶磷相关基因的筛选

【目的】构建草酸青霉菌I1的cDNA文库,筛选溶磷相关基因。【方法】利用SMART技术构建草酸青霉菌I1的初级cDNA文库,通过难溶磷培养基筛选具有溶磷能力的转化子,测序并进行生物信息学分析。在难溶磷液体培养基中,进行转化子对溶液pH值、可溶磷含量的影响和产有机酸试验。【结果】成功构建了草酸青霉菌I1的初级cDNA文库,其库容量约为5.29×106 cfu•mL-1,重组率为99%;利用难溶磷固体培养基筛选,得到具有溶磷圈的转化子48个,其中转化子I-4的cDNA序列全长536 bp,为一个新的序列,基因编码氨基酸残基序列长129 n.t。转化子E. coli HST08 I-4在液体难溶磷培养基中培养,提高了有机酸的表达量,并增加了有机酸的种类,在培养12 h后,开始产生乙酸,24 h后,溶液中产生乳酸、苹果酸和α-酮戊二酸,培养36 h,溶液pH值由6.32降到3.69,可溶磷含量达到0.1076 mg•mL-1。【结论】从草酸青霉I1中筛选到一个溶磷相关基因pstI。     

Biocontrol Efficacy of Two Antagonistic Yeasts Against Postharvest Diseases in Peach Fruits During Storage Periods

Two antagonistic yeasts, Thichosporon pullulans and Cryptococcus laurentii, were investigated for their biocontrol potential to blue mold rot and rhizopus rot on harvested peach fruits (Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. Okubao), alone or in combination with a Iow dose of iprodione (50 μg mi-1 ). The results indicated that T. pullulans and C. laurentii were effective at reducing disease incidence and severity of blue mold rot and rhizopus rot in peach fruits. Biocontrol efficacy of C. laurentii and T. pullulans were significantly enhanced by combination with a Iow dose of iprodione (50 μg mi-1) against blue mold and rhizopus rot in peach fruits. T. pullulans and C. laurentii combined with a low dose of iprodione (50 μg mi-1 ) resulted in better disease control than either iprodione or the yeasts used alone. Dipping fruits in suspensions of antagonist cells showed the similar control effect as the treatment with iprodione (500 μg ml-1 ).     

表达抑制山羊痘病毒ORF095 shRNA的山羊成纤维细胞系的建立

将已经通过体外验证能够有效抑制山羊痘病毒复制的shRNA转入山羊体细胞,构建其表达细胞系.将已经通过验证能够靶向抑制山羊痘病毒ORF095基因并有效抑制GTPV的pGPU6/GFP-ORF095-siRNA-70转染山羊原代成纤维细胞,经800μg/mL G418抗性筛选7～8d后,用含200μg/mL G418和10～15ng/mL EGF的培养基进一步单克隆化并将单克隆细胞扩大、传代培养,应用RT-PCR检测及测序鉴定所构建的细胞系.结果表明:本试验获得的1株成纤维细胞系基因组含有ORF095-siRNA-70表达框架,为进一步进行体细胞克隆转基因动物的制备和RNAi体内抗山羊痘病毒的研究奠定了基础.     

fat-1基因脂肪组织特异性表达载体的构建及其山羊转基因细胞系的建立

旨在构建一种筛选标记可全部去除的脂肪组织特异性表达fat-1基因的载体,将其转染山羊胎儿成纤维细胞,筛选出稳定整合fat-1基因的转基因细胞系。首先将人工合成的fat-1基因连接至L28-Wnt10b载体(1种带有小鼠脂肪组织特异性启动子Fabp4的载体)上,构建成fat-1基因脂肪组织特异性表达载体L28-fat1;同时经多次克隆构建成1种筛选标记可全部去除的骨架载体MCS-3s-LoxP-RFP;然后,利用Hind III和Not I对上述2种载体进行双酶切,接着进行连接,构建出筛选标记可全部去除的脂肪组织特异性表达fat-1基因的表达载体。采用脂质体介导的方法转染山羊胎儿成纤维细胞,通过G418筛选转基因细胞。酶切鉴定及PCR检测结果表明,成功构建了3s-LoxP-RFP-FABP4-fat1表达载体,并首次获得了脂肪组织特异性表达fat-1基因的山羊胎儿成纤维转基因细胞系,为将来通过体细胞核移植创制脂肪组织特异表达fat-1基因的优质肉用转基因山羊新材料奠定了基础。     

Gene expression in mice after high efficiency retroviral-mediated gene transfer

A retroviral expression vector (N2) containing the selectable gene, neoR, has been used to determine the optimal conditions for infecting murine hematopoietic progenitor cells at high efficiency. After infected bone marrow cells were introduced into lethally irradiated mice, the presence, stability, and expression of the vector DNA sequences were analyzed either in individual spleen foci 10 days later or in the blood, bone marrow, and spleens of mice 4 months later. When bone marrow cells were cultured in medium containing virus with titers of more than 10(6) colony-forming units per milliliter in the presence of purified murine interleukin-3, more than 85 percent of the resulting foci contained vector DNA. This proviral vector DNA was intact. Efficient expression of the neoR gene was demonstrated in most of the DNA-positive foci examined. The spleens of reconstituted animals (over a long term) contained intact "vector DNA" and the blood and bone marrow expressed the neoR gene in some animals. Thus, a retroviral vector can be used to introduce intact exogenous DNA sequences into hematopoietic stem cells with high efficiency and with substantial expression.     

同源重组敲除MSTN基因的猪胎儿成纤维细胞的构建

 【目的】获得敲除肌肉生长抑制素（MSTN）基因的猪胎儿成纤维细胞。【方法】打靶载体的构建：以Neo为正筛选基因、HSV-tk为负筛选基因。在Neo的两侧分别插入同源长臂和同源短臂。同源长臂5 382 bp,包含MSTN基因的部分5′端,全部的exon1,intron1和exon2及大部分intron2;同源短臂844 bp,包含部分exon3及3′端的部分序列。取35 d胎龄的大白猪,用胰酶消化法,分离胎儿成纤维细胞并对其进行培养和建系。采用脂质体法将打靶载体导入胎儿成纤维细胞中,转染后的细胞采用250 μg?ml-1 G418筛选7 d,再用200 μg?ml-1 G418+2μmol?L-1 GANC维持筛选。用RT-PCR法检测转染前转染后细胞MSTN基因表达量。【结果】成功构建了对猪MSTN基因部分intron2和exon3区域进行敲除的替代型打靶载体。共得到5个具有药物抗性的细胞克隆,经PCR检测,其中一个细胞克隆发生了正确的同源重组。转染后细胞MSTN基因表达量明显降低。【结论】获得了敲除MSTN基因的猪胎儿成纤维细胞。     

侧孢短芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶基因BLG4在枯草芽孢杆菌WB600中的高效表达

侧孢短芽孢杆菌G4菌株在侵染线虫的过程中可以分泌蛋白酶,降解线虫体壁,从而帮助细菌侵入宿主体内.在本文中,侧孢短芽孢杆菌的胞外蛋白酶BLG4基因经克隆后插入到改造后的枯草芽孢杆菌表达载体pWT22中,构建重组表达质粒pWT22-BLG4.构建成功的重组质粒通过化学转化法转入枯草芽孢杆菌蛋白酶缺失菌株WB6000中,转化...     

转甜味蛋白Brazzein基因乳腺特异表达载体的山羊体细胞株筛选

[目的]建立通过山羊乳汁获取甜味蛋白Brazzein的方法.[方法]将前期工作中构建的Brazzein基因山羊乳腺特异表达载体STP-pBC1进行线性化,采用脂质体法转染山羊成纤维细胞,以期获得转基因阳性细胞.[结果]采用脂质体法转染山羊成纤维细胞后,通过最适G418浓度（400 μg/ml）筛选获得转基因阳性细胞;转基因阳性细胞形态呈现梭形且核仁清晰,其生长曲线呈现正常的“S”;转基因阳性细胞经冷冻复苏后,仍呈现与冷冻前新鲜转基因细胞相似的形态和生长曲线;PCR鉴定结果表明,STP-pBC1已整合入转基因细胞的基因组中.[结论]成功获得乳腺特异的转甜味蛋白基因Brazzein的山羊成纤维细胞株.     

Expression and Characterization of a Thermostable Xylanase Gene xynA from a Themophilic Fungus in Pichia pastoris

The gene of xylanase (xynA) was amplified by RT-PCR from the total RNA of a themophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus SY2. The sequence analysis showed that gene coding region of mature peptide contained 0.585 kb, which coded 194amino acids. The putative amino acid sequence and DNA sequence of xylanase from T. lanuginosus SY2 (GenBank no.:GU166389) were 98.97 and 99.49% identical to the other T. lanuginosus (GenBank no.: U35436). A recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-xynA was constructed by inserting gene xynA into Pichia pastoris secretory vector pPIC9K. Linearized pPIC9K-xynA was transformed into P. pastoris GS115 with the method of electroporation. The recombinant strain was identified by G418 selection and confirmed by PCR analysis. It was induced by 1.0% methanol at 28℃ to express the recombinant xylanase. The results showed that the recombinant xylanase was secreted into extracellular fermentation liquid. The highest enzyme activity of 113.5 IU mL-1 and protein content of 889.7 μg mL-1 were detected for 216 h of induction. The optimal pH value and temperature of the enzyme activity was 5.5 and 65℃, respectively. The xylanase activity retained above 80% from pH value 2.5 to 8.5 for 48 h. The enzyme activity was above 85% at incubation temperature of 55℃.     

转LdOA1基因果蝇品系GSTs基因表达及对溴氰菊酯胁迫响应

舞毒蛾是重要林业食叶害虫,揭示其G蛋白偶联受体介导G蛋白对GSTs的调控,这对于挖掘分子靶标开发新型杀虫剂具有重要意义。本文构建转LdOA1基因果蝇载体,获得表达LdOA1基因果蝇品系,分析了转基因果蝇GSTs基因表达量及对溴氰菊酯胁迫的响应,为明确昆虫OA1基因功能提供理论依据。通过传统的酶切-连接方法构建重组载体pUAST-attB-LdOA1,采用转基因技术构建表达LdOA1基因的纯合果蝇品系,利用PCR技术验证转基因果蝇品系,并运用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术测定转基因果蝇GSTs Delta家族基因表达量及低浓度溴氰菊酯胁迫对GSTs基因表达量的影响。PCR扩增条带显示转LdOA1基因果蝇品系均能检测到453bp目的基因条带。与非转基因果蝇相比,转LdOA1基因果蝇品系中GSTs Delta家族基因(除GSTd4和GSTd7)均上调表达,为非转基因组1.01~3.27倍。低浓度溴氰菊酯胁迫6h,非转基因果蝇GSTd6和GSTd10基因被显著诱导激活,而其他GSTs基因被显著抑制,抑制率为6.48%~95.84%,胁迫12~72h,GSTs基因(除GSTd1和GSTd10外)均被显著抑制。低浓度溴氰菊酯胁迫转基因果蝇GSTs表达量变化趋势与非转基因果蝇基本一致,但转基因果蝇品系GSTs表达量显著高于非转基因果蝇品系(除12~48h GSTd1和GSTd10),且胁迫6h表达量最大。这些结果表明LdOA1基因可能介导G蛋白信号通路调控下游GSTs Delta亚家族基因表达响应溴氰菊酯胁迫。      

重组毕赤酵母高产木聚糖酶菌株的筛选及诱导条件优化

[目的]筛选重组毕赤酵母高产木聚糖酶菌株并优化其甲醇诱导条件。[方法]用不同浓度的G418 YPD平板筛选高拷贝转化子,不同时间间隔添加不同浓度的甲醇进行木聚糖酶诱导表达。[结果]在G418浓度为10.0 mg/m l时,筛选得到产酶活力最高的16号菌株,以0.5%甲醇于30℃诱导产酶,第6天时酶活力达到最高,为826.2 IU/m l,木聚糖酶比活力达5 229.1 IU/mg;该菌在诱导时间间隔为12 h、诱导浓度为0.8%时,产酶量高且稳定。[结论]该菌是甲醇依赖型的高拷贝高酶活菌株。     

牛myf6基因真核表达载体的构建及在成肌细胞中的表达

【目的】构建牛myf6基因真核表达载体,并观察myf6真核表达载体转染鲁西黄牛成肌细胞后基因的表达和细胞形态的变化。【方法】在质粒pIRES2-EGFP的多克隆位点插入myf6基因构建真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-myf6,用脂质体技术转染鲁西黄牛成肌细胞,通过G418 筛选出稳定转染的细胞株。利用Western印记、Real-time PCR技术检测成肌细胞转染前后myf6基因、肌肉肌酸激酶基因和肌球蛋白轻链基因的表达量。【结果】与对照组相比,转染质粒的成肌细胞myf6蛋白和mRNA的表达量提高（P＜0.01）,肌肉肌酸激酶基因和肌球蛋白轻链基因的mRNA表达量提高（P＜0.01）。细胞形态观察显示成肌细胞融合为肌管。【结论】构建的真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-myf6能在成肌细胞中高效表达,myf6基因促进了成肌细胞向肌肉细胞分化。     

Bacillus subtilis fmbj与2-脱氧葡萄糖协同作用Rhizopus stolonifer的生物防治效果

 【目的】通过添加佐剂2-脱氧葡萄糖（2-DOG）的方法提高拮抗细菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis fmbj)菌株的生防效果。【方法】分别在PDA平板和水蜜桃上测定2-DOG对拮抗菌B.subtilis fmbj和病原菌桃软腐病菌葡枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer)生长的影响及B.subtilis fmbj与不同浓度2-DOG协同作用对R.stolonifer的防治效果。【结果】平板试验表明,2-DOG浓度仅为0.3 mg•mL-1时,可完全抑制R.stolonifer的生长;而2-DOG高达20 mg•mL-1,B.subtilis fmbj依然存活,表现出对2-DOG有较高的耐受性。桃上接种试验发现,单独使用浓度为3.9×108 CFU/mL B.subtilis fmbj时,桃果实发病率为30%;4 mg•mL-1 2-DOG单独使用时桃果实发病率为35%;而当4 mg•mL-1 2-DOG和3.9×107 CFU/mL B.subtilis fmbj配合使用时,可完全抑制果实的腐败。【结论】拮抗菌B.subtilis fmbj和2-DOG协同作用比单独使用对桃果实软腐病的防治效果明显,该研究结果为桃果实采后病害控制和保藏提供了有效的方法与途径。     

农杆菌介导的水稻草矮病毒NS6基因的转化

水稻草矮病毒(Ricegrassystuntvirus,RGSV)RNA6片段毒义链编码的非结构蛋白NS6,与病害症状密切相关,被称为病害特异蛋白.因此,应用农杆菌介导法,选取对RGSV表现不同抗性的台农67、中花6号、中花12号、中花15号、台中1号、合系28和063817个水稻品种,以其未成熟胚或成熟胚预培养4d后,诱导生长旺盛的愈伤组织为外植体,将NS6基因导入其中,对影响水稻再生及农杆菌转化的主要因素进行了比较研究,并获得了转NS6基因工程植株.结果表明,以未成熟胚为受体,获得的抗性愈伤组织转化率明显高于成熟胚;水稻不同品种对农杆菌转化反应不同;添加一定浓度乙酰丁香酮和葡萄糖,可提高抗性愈伤组织形成率;选用G418进行抗性筛选能获得转NS6基因再生植株,用卡那霉素筛选产生的愈伤组织则未能获得再生植株.