Somatic SNPs of the BRCA2 gene at the fragments encoding RAD51 binding sites of canine mammary tumors

Mammary tumors are the most common tumor type both in women and in female dogs. In women, heritable breast cancers have been linked mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2 and it contains eight BRC repeats in exon 11 that bind to RAD51. In this study, we investigated the sequence variations of BRC1‐BRC8 and C‐terminus of canine BRCA2 gene. From a total of 64 canine patients with mammary tumors, 31 mammary tumors with benign and malign carcinomas and the 3 normal mammary glands were used for the study. In this study, 19 SNPs of exon 11 of BRCA2 in canine mammary tumors were detected for the first time. The c.2383A>C (T1425P) SNP was found to be the most probable disease‐associated nsSNP. Our findings suggest that T1425P variation in BRC3 to be the most probable disease‐associated nsSNP and may affect RAD51 binding strength.     

Common germline haplotypes and genotypes identified in BRCA2 exon 11 of dogs with mammary tumours and histopathological analyses

The canine BRCA2 is a tumor supressor gene which encodes the BRCA2 protein, involved in DNA repair through interaction with the RAD51 recombinase. This process is mediated by eigth BRC repeats that are encoded by BRCA2 exon 11. Two variants corresponding to human mutations in human BRC3 repeat have been reported in canine BRC3 repeat. In addition, other variants have also been described in canine BRCA2 exon 11. Considering the importance of polymorphisms in human BRCA2 to breast cancer development, this study aimed to investigate the frequency of variants in BRCA2 exon 11 in 48 blood and tissue DNA samples from bitches with canine mammary tumors (CMT), as well as, to analyze tumor stage and histopathological features. Seven Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, three of which were evaluated as possibily or probably deleterious variant. Interestingly, almost all the 22 mammary tumors (except one) which presented a clinical staging equal to or greater than III carried at least one mutant allele of these three variants. Besides that, no statistically significant correlation was observed between any of the reported SNPs in heterozygosis or homozygosis and either dogs data (such as breed, age or disease stage) or mammary tumors histopathological characteristics. A total of 97.9% of bitches had one to three polymorphisms of the seven identified in this study, which suggests a possibly correlation between the canine BRCA2 exon 11 polymorphisms and mammary carcinogenesis.     

The canine RAD51 mutation leads to the attenuation of interaction with PALB2

RAD51 forms a complex with BRCA2 and plays a central role in the DNA damage response pathway that is associated with homologous recombination. The structures of RAD51 and its homologues are highly conserved from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes. Although a large number of BRCA2 mutations have been reported, there are only a few reports on the mutations of RAD51, which have been shown in humans and dogs. However, several mutations of canine RAD51 were identified from mammary gland tumour tissues in a recent study. Some of these mutations seem to have an influence on the homo‐oligomerization or interaction with “Partner and localizer of BRCA2” (PALB2). In this study, we cloned the canine PALB2 homologue and investigated the effect on its interaction with the RAD51 mutants to evaluate the alteration in the function of RAD51 mutants. The A209S and T225S mutants of RAD51 show an attenuation of the interaction between RAD51 and PALB2. These results indicate that the canine RAD51 mutations can potentially alter the homologous recombination pathways in response to DNA damage in dogs.     

PCV2复制起始区DNA互作蛋白的筛选及PARP1蛋白对病毒复制的调控

旨在筛选PK-15细胞中与猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)复制起始区(origin of replication, Ori)互作的细胞蛋白谱,并初步探究PARP1蛋白对PCV2复制的调控。利用DNA-protein pull down结合LC-MS/MS方法筛选PCV2复制起始区DNA互作蛋白;对互作蛋白进行GO分析以及KEGG通路富集分析,并绘制蛋白互作网络图。在对互作蛋白进行分析的基础上,选择聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶1(PARP1)蛋白,开展了深入研究。构建了PARP1蛋白以及PCV2复制蛋白Rep真核表达质粒,并利用DNA-protein pull down及DNA IP试验验证PARP1蛋白与PCV2 Ori的互作;通过Co-IP试验,研究了PARP1蛋白与PCV2 Rep蛋白的互作;在细胞中过表达或沉默PARP1蛋白,通过qPCR方法检测对PCV2复制的影响。本研究共鉴定到130种可能与Ori互作的宿主蛋白,其中,与DNA功能相关的蛋白共有45种,主要涉及宿主DNA损伤修复及DNA复制功能;验证了PARP1蛋白与PCV2基因组Or...