应用Polo软件进行农药毒力数据的比较分析

目前Polo（Probit and Logit Analysis）软件在生物测定数据分析中的应用已得到国际上的普遍认可,为了展示Polo软件在分析农药毒力数据时的优越性,以杀虫剂对二化螟的毒力数据为例,利用Polo软件对两组毒力数据的毒力回归线的平行性和相等性假设进行测验,采用致死中量比率（LDR50）的95%置信限为衡量参数来检验农药毒力差异是否显著,并与传统的采用LD50值的95%置信限是否重叠来判定不同毒力间是否有差异的分析结果进行比较。结果表明,采用Polo软件对不同毒力数据进行差异分析的结果更加精确可靠,该方法可适用于比较不同药剂间的毒力、抗药性水平以及农药增效剂试验的数据分析等。     

Development of an agricultural crops spectral library and classification of crops at cultivar level using hyperspectral data

In the context of a growing interest in remote sensing for precision agriculture applications, the utility of space-borne hyperspectral imaging for the development of a crop-specific spectral library and automatic identification and classification of three cultivars for each of rice (Oryza sativa L.), chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and cotton (Gossipium hirsutum L.) crops have been investigated in this study. The classification of crops at cultivar level using two spectral libraries developed using hyperspectral reflectance data at canopy scale (in-situ hyperspectral measurements) and at pixel scale (Hyperion data) has shown promising results with 86.5 and 88.8% overall classification accuracy, respectively. This observation highlights the possible integration of in-situ hyperspectral measurements with space-borne hyperspectral remote sensing data for automatic identification and discrimination of various crop cultivars. However, considerable spectral similarity is observed between cultivars of rice and sugarcane crops which may pose problems in the accurate identification of various crop cultivars.     

Development of real-time onion disease monitoring system using image acquisition

In this study, real-time disease monitoring was conducted on onion which is the most representative crop in Republic of Korea, using an image acquisition system newly developed for the mobile measurement of phenotype. The purpose of this study was to improve the accuracy of prediction of disease and state variables by processing images acquired from monitoring. The image acquisition system was consisted of two parts, a motorized driving system and a PTZ (pan, tilt and zoom) camera to take images of the plants. The acquired images were processed as follows. Noise was removed through an image filter and RGB (red, green and blue) colors were converted to HSV (hue, saturation and value), which enabled thresholding of areas with different colors and properties for image binarization by comparing the color of onion leaf with ambient areas. Four objects with the most significant browning in the onion leaf to the naked eye were selected as the samples for data acquired. The thresholding method with image processing was found to be superior to the naked eye in identifying accurate disease areas. In addition, it was found that the incidence of disease was different in each disease area ratio. As a result, the use of image acquisition system in image processing analysis will enable more prompt detection of any changes in the onion and monitoring of disease outbreaks during the crop lifecycle.     

油菜不同组分生物量光谱遥感估算模型

通过田间小区试验,测定了4个品种、3个供氮水平的油菜冠层在不同生长时期的高光谱反射率及对应叶片、茎以及荚果的干鲜重,并对叶片、茎以及荚果的干生物量与光谱植被指数RVI,NDVI之间相关系数进行显著性检验(P=0.05),建立了油菜叶片、茎和荚果的干生物量光谱估算模型.     

凝视热成像系统仿真软件

现代高科技的发展离不开系统的理论指导及计算机模拟。通过研究热成像系统原理，用VC 语言编制了一个热成像系统仿真软件包。该软件包除了可以计算热成像系统包括MRTD，MTF，NETD，MDTD，视距等的静态性能参数外，还有一个非常创新的特点：它允许用户输入原始图像，在选定的热成像系统的作用下，用户可以得到被所选定的热成像系统任何模块（如大气、光学系统，探测器、电子学等）处理过的图像，真实直观地观察各个模块对图像的影响，这对热成像系统设计指导和分析有关更深的指导意义。     

凝视热成像系统仿真软件

现代高科技的发展离不开系统的理论指导及计算机模拟。通过研究热成像系统原理，用VC 语言编制了一个热成像系统仿真软件包。该软件包除了可以计算热成像系统包括MRTD，MTF，NETD，MDTD，视距等的静态性能参数外，还有一个非常创新的特点：它允许用户输入原始图像，在选定的热成像系统的作用下，用户可以得到被所选定的热成像系统任何模块（如大气、光学系统，探测器、电子学等）处理过的图像，真实直观地观察各个模块对图像的影响，这对热成像系统设计指导和分析有关更深的指导意义。     

Temperature effects on CMOS multiplexers used for data acquisition

Experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of temperature on a single type of CMOS multiplexer which is currently used for data acquisition in agricultural research. The results indicate that the internal resistance of each channel within the multiplexer increases linearly with increasing temperature. However, the rate of increase was significantly different for one or more channels of an eight-channel multiplexer. Also, the mean resistances between channels were significantly different over the range of temperatures expected in field data acquisition systems in the Southeast Region. These results illustrate the need for specific characteristic data on the particular multiplexers used in a circuit. For most sensor-interface systems the error induced by the multiplexer may not be significant if the total range in expected resistance is very large, but for precision sensors this characteristic must be accounted for.     

Identification of yellow rust in wheat using in-situ spectral reflectance measurements and airborne hyperspectral imaging

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the spectro-optical, photochemical reflectance index (PRI) for quantifying the disease index (DI) of yellow rust (Biotroph Puccinia striiformis) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and its applicability in the detection of the disease using hyperspectral imagery. Over two successive seasons, canopy reflectance spectra and disease index (DI) were measured five times during the growth of wheat plants (3 varieties) infected with varying amounts of yellow rust. Airborne hyperspectral images of the field site were also acquired in the second season. The PRI exhibited a significant, negative, linear, relationship with DI in the first season (r ² = 0.91, n = 64), which was insensitive to both variety and stage of crop development from Zadoks stage 3–9. Application of the PRI regression equation to measured spectral data in the second season yielded a coefficient of determination of r ² = 0.97 (n = 80). Application of the same PRI regression equation to airborne hyperspectral imagery in the second season also yielded a coefficient of determination of DI of r ² = 0.91 (n = 120). The results show clearly the potential of PRI for quantifying yellow rust levels in winter wheat, and as the basis for developing a proximal, or airborne/spaceborne imaging sensor of yellow rust in fields of winter wheat.     

A ground-based hyperspectral imaging system for characterizing vegetation spectral features

A cropping system is usually characterized by continuous spatio-temporal vegetation variability. Vegetation variability can be detected by changes in several vegetation parameters defined according to purpose. Estimation of these vegetation parameters has been made possible by calculating various vegetation indices (VIs), usually by ratioing, differencing, ratioing differences and sums, or by forming linear combinations of spectral band data. Spectrometers or sensors have been used to acquire visible and infrared spectral properties of vegetation. This paper presents a ground-based hyperspectral imaging system for characterizing vegetation spectral features. The hyperspectral sensor used was a ground-based line sensor, ImSpector (V10-12-102), with a nominal spectral resolution of 1.5–2 nm and a wavelength range of 360–1010 nm. A graphical user interface (GUI) was developed in a MATLAB environment to aid in processing and analysis of acquired multidimensional spectral image data. Issues that arise when applying the imaging system to a particular field include acquiring hyperspectral images, selecting appropriate vegetation features or VIs, and quantifying the selected vegetation features or indices with the GUI developed. Vegetation features extracted by the proposed imaging system contribute not only to monitoring vegetation variability in crop systems, but also provide a potential source of relevant variables that can be used to estimate various vegetation parameters. A study that was set up to investigate the alternate bearing phenomenon of citrus trees illustrates the basic elements of the proposed approach.     

农业试验数据智能采集系统的设计与应用

【目的】为了快速准确获取农业科研试验中具有体量大、种类繁多且复杂、可变性大、对真实性有严格要求等特点的田间植株表型数据。【方法】文章基于物联网与大数据技术构建了一个农业试验中大数据采集应用系统,用于辅助人工进行试验数据采集与应用。数据采集方法有基于NodeMcu开发板结合传感器获取环境数据、通过树莓派连接摄像头对试验区域进行图像采集并利用物联网设备上传至数据库、网络爬虫、通过终端设备记录作物单株形态等。获得数据后对不同来源数据进行清洗与处理,将原始数据与清洗处理后的数据分别存储至不同数据区域中并固化,通过分布式文件系统HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System)读写操作,最后利用数据处理模块对数据进行监控与处理,将结果以图像、表格和视频等形式提交到前端交互网站。【结果】基于构建的大数据采集系统获得了5 450幅大豆叶片图像,然后利用yolov5的深度学习模型训练,最终实现了大豆叶形分类识别;利用株高测量设备获取了1 306株大豆株高数据,结果较为可靠。【结论】研究表明,该系统设计方案具有可行性高、用途广泛、构建成本低和可拓展性强等特点,将多种技术运用于农业...     

远程数据采集系统的研究

系统能够在测量现场直接进行数据采集和处理 ,再通过通讯设备将数据传送给远方的控制中心或计算机 ,实现了远距离的数据采集功能 ;并采用了 ARQ差错控制技术 ,利用软件进行 CRC冗余校验的编码和译码工作 ,既提高了通信的可靠性 ,又节约了硬件成本     

大型天然气管道仿真软件RealPipe-Gas研发

讨论了天然气管道仿真软件RealPipe-Gas的关键技术和实现方法。其仿真引擎能够对任意拓扑结构的天然气管网进行有效表征,对所形成的非线性方程组线性化后分别在时间与空间上进行离散,形成大型稀疏系数矩阵。采用高效求解器进行模型求解,并针对热力系统和水力系统采取"蛙跳"的求解策略,有效解决了仿真引擎的计算效率与计算稳定性问题。对业已发布的RealPipe-Gas1.0与国际先进软件SPS的仿真计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明:其计算精度、计算效率与软件稳定性均达到国际同类商业软件的先进水平,为油气管道系列仿真软件产品的国产化奠定了基础。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的果园生态环境数据采集系统设计与实现

本文首先简要介绍了虚拟仪器技术及其开发平台LabVIEW,然后阐述基于LabVIEW虚拟仪器技术对果园生态环境进行数据采集的系统设计原理和实现方法。该系统采用研华ADAM-4017数据采集模块,通过串口进行数据传递,实现了果园生态环境信息的计算机自动采集、显示和存储,为果园生产管理提供及时准确的园区信息。     

Microcomputer interfacing of a real-time clock for data acquisition and control applications

This article describes the interfacing of National Semiconductor's MM58167 real-time clock/calendar to a 6502 microprocessor-based SYM-1 microcomputer. The functions of the clock, details for interfacing to a microcomputer, programming required, and use of its special features are described.A real-time clock/calendar is an essential part of many microcomputer data acquisition and control systems. It provides a 24-hour clock and an accurate interval timer for data acquisition and control functions. The main advantage of a real-time clock is that it keeps track of true time independent of software execution speeds.The MM58167 clock is a CMOS integrated circuit in a 24-pin, dual-in-line package. It is designed for direct connection to the address and data buses of most common microcomputers. This application involved interfacing the clock with a SYM-1 6502-based microcomputer. The clock has eight counters and corresponding latches that contain months through thousands of seconds. The latches can be used for alarm-type functions. Low power battery backup is available through a special ‘power down’ mode. The clock has two interrupt outputs that can be used for control functions.     

一种基于Web的温室远程监控系统方案设计

本文提出了一种基于Java的无需安装配置控制端软件的新的温室远程控制体系结构。该系统的结构通过互联网动态构建，用户只需要通过浏览器就能够访问和控制分布在互联网上的远程温室。     

基于ARM的数据采集系统的设计

文章介绍了一种基于ARM的数据采集系统,并给出了该系统的软、硬件设计方案。详细论述了数据采集系统的硬件组成和设计,简要说明了移植!C/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式操作系统和嵌入式图形用户界面!C/GUI的关键和对操作系统的扩展设计。     

利用开源软件创建高校图书馆图片库

在分析建立大学图书馆图片库的实际意义后,从图片库的内容设置、功能等方面介绍了图片库的设计和如何利用免费开源图片管理系统创建图书馆图片资料库。

     

数据仓库数据挖掘在软件职业教育中应用研究

本文探讨了数据仓库和数据挖掘技术在软件职业教育的应用，其逻辑架构和物理架构的构建。并介绍了数据挖掘技术在其中的应用。     

智能农田作业车辆实时数据采集系统设计试验

为了电路监控、在线诊断、记录机器工作状态及远程调试等要求,智能控制作业车辆农田作业时需要一个可靠的实时数据采集与传输系统.以水田激光平地机为平台,在原系统控制功能基础上设计基于Wi-Fi与SD卡的实时数据采集系统.实时数据一方面将通过Wi-Fi发送供外部接收端无线接收,另一方面将保存在SD卡中,作为Wi-Fi模块的辅助工具.介绍了设计方案与实现过程.为验证本系统可靠性,在实际的水田环境中对此实时数据采集系统进行测试,结果表明此实时数据采集系统能稳定且准确地记录平地机的工作数据,同时,无线Wi-Fi模块在空旷的水田环境中,数据可靠传输距离可达到100 m左右.     

基于ZigBee技术的葡萄温室环境数据采集系统研究

为解决现有温室有线监控设施不便于现场布线和设备维护的问题,以上海市农业科学院庄行综合试验站的葡萄温室为实验基地,采用TI公司的CC2530芯片,开发了基于ZigBee技术的葡萄温室环境数据采集系统,实现了对葡萄温室光照强度、空气温湿度等环境信息的实时采集。试验结果表明,系统具有易安装、易拆卸、开发成本低、工作稳定等特点,可广泛应用于远程环境监测领域。