长白山阔叶红松林的空间分布格局

为进一步揭示天然阔叶红松林的空间结构规律,为合理选择种群结构研究方法提供借鉴,在长白山自然保护区内设立面积为1 hm2的固定样地,对样地内的林木进行每木调查和坐标定位.运用均匀度理论对不同径阶大小的林木进行空间格局分析,并运用均匀度、点格局、角尺度3种格局研究方法对样地中的主要树种及林分整体的空间格局进行对比分析.结果表明:1)小径阶林木的分布状态为集群分布,随着径阶的增大,林木由集群分布向随机分布转变.2)阔叶红松林的格局分布为集群分布,这主要受到了演替阶段和林分年龄的影响.3)3种方法在格局不太明显的种群上存在一定的差异,但这3种方法在格局检验上各有优势.     

长白山阔叶红松林的红松种群热值

采用量热法对长白山阔叶红松林红松种群热值进行研究。结果表明:红松不同器官间的热值差异很大,多年生枝,1、2年生枝,多年生叶和1、2年生叶分别与皮、主根、干、侧根之间的差异显著(P0.05)。多年生枝,1、2年生枝与侧根之间的差异极显著(P0.01)。从全株植物的平均热值角度分析,枝叶皮干根,对于枝和叶,多年生的热值要高于1,2年生的热值,对于根来说,主根要高于侧根。不同径级间的热值差异极显著(P0.01),随径级增加而呈明显的波浪形分布。不同季节的红松热值不同,秋季热值高于春季。高海拔藓类云冷杉红松林红松的热值高于阔叶红松林红松的热值,以侧根热值差距最大,差值为3471J·g-1,树干的热值差距最小,差值仅为1075J·g-1。     

长白山阔叶次生林主要乔木地上碳储量分布

根据2007年吉林省汪清县境内东北部金沟岭林场的8个阔叶次生林标准地的调查数据,就其中7种主要乔木(DBH≥4cm)的地上碳储量及其伴随径级和树高等级的分布特征进行了研究。结果显示:1)地上碳储量大小排列为桦木(20 675.902 kg/hm2)>色木(7 065.584 kg/hm2)>椴树(4 740.284 kg/hm2)>山杨(3 777.076 kg/hm2)>水曲柳(3 440.81kg/hm2)>云冷杉(2 430.327kg/hm2)>红松(1 625.146kg/hm2)。2)在地上碳储量径阶分布方面,红松和云冷杉区别于阔叶树,碳储量曲线很平稳,在各径阶内碳储量没有较大变化。3)7种主要乔木地上碳储量随树高等级变化表现为单位面积的碳储量的分布沿高度级的增加而成倍增长,至一个峰值后,又随高度的增加而下降,整个变化趋势呈现一个近似正态的峰状曲线。5种阔叶树树干碳储量占总地上碳储量的比例随树高高度的增加而减少,而针叶树红松和云冷杉的树干碳储量比例随树高高度的增加而增加。     

长白山阔叶红松林冠层透射率的定点观测研究

根据长白山阔叶红松林林上和林地太阳辐射的定点观测结果 ,计算了 5月 2 2日— 10月 14日的林冠透射率 ,发现林冠定点透射率与天空状况有关 ,阴天时透射率的日变程曲线比较平稳 ,少云天波动增加 ,晴天条件下波动最为剧烈 ,这种差别是由林窗和太阳辐射中直接辐射的比率不同而产生的。然而通过 2d定点测定与游走测定的比较发现 ,两种方法测定的透射率日平均值差异不大 ,定点测定的日平均值能较好地代表林冠的透射率特征。定点透射率的日变程曲线还随着生长季进程而变化 ,不仅透射率大小发生变化 ,透射率峰值的出现时间也发生更迭。在观测期间内 ,定点透射率日平均值的季节变程曲线呈U形 ,5月底和 10月上旬较高 ,7— 8月较低且平稳 ,随日期 (季节 )的动态变化符合四次多项式函数 ,反映了冠层叶面积的季节变化特征。     

吉林蛟河阔叶红松林中红松的空间格局分析

本文基于阔叶红松林30hm2(500m×600m)固定监测样地,分析了红松在各林层(主林层、次林层、林下层)的空间分布、各林层之间的关联性。结果显示:(1)红松在各林层都在小尺度上呈聚集性分布,大尺度上呈随机分布;且在低林层聚集性强度高于高林层。(2)红松各林层关联性表现为主林层与次林层在小尺度上呈正相关,大尺度上关联性不显著;主林层与林下层在小尺度上呈负相关,大尺度上关联性不显著;次林层与林下层在所有尺度上呈现显著正相关。说明红松种子扩散和红松个体间竞争对空间分布起着重要作用。     

长白山红松阔叶混交林风灾迹地的更新与恢复

在长白山西坡的风灾干扰迹地进行永久样地连续更新调查和生境条件测定。结果表明，风灾迹地更新种群是由耐荫的红松、冷杉、鱼鳞云杉和阳性树种白桦、山杨、大青杨、大黄柳、落叶松等的混合；耐荫树种优势度趋于降低，阳性树种优势度逐年增加。风灾迹地土壤水分及碳、氮、有机质含量有所降低，人工抚育迹地生境恢复指标较天然更新迹地高。     

长白山红松阔叶林鸟类多样性季节格局的初步研究

采用时间序列分析方法,研究了长白山红松阔叶林鸟类多样性的季节格局。结果表明Shan non多样性指数季节格局表现为春秋高、冬夏低的双峰型特点,并与物种、数量和优势度之间有极显著的相关关系;群落各指数季节间的显著差异主要表现在冬季与其他各季之间;各月前两个优势种的比例在多样性格局构成中具有非常重要的作用;5月前和9月后,气温对Shannon指数格局的影响极为显著(r=0 9209,P<0 01)。     

长白山阔叶红松林隙内物种种间关系研究

对长白山阔叶红松林的林隙环境状况、林隙内物种种间关系进行了研究。结果表明:林隙与林内物种丰富度不同,乔木物种丰富度略高于林内,而灌木和草本物种丰富度则明显高于林内;林隙内物种种间关系多数呈负相关,极显著正相关(P<0.01)和显著正相关(P<0.05)种对数较少(乔、灌、草),极显著负相关(P<0.01)和显著负相关(P<0.05)种对数也较少(乔)或没有(灌、草),物种间主要表现为竞争关系;林隙中小气候状况发生了显著改变,光照强度和空气温度显著高于林内(P<0.01),空气相对湿度和地温变化规律也表现出显著变化。     

长白山落叶松人工天然混交林空间格局研究

用点格局分布、混交度和大小比数3个林分空间结构参数,分析了长白山落叶松人工林与天然林木混交的林分空间结构。结果表明:①空间分布:入侵的天然树种呈现明显的聚集分布,落叶松除15m时的聚集分布外均呈现显著的随机分布,林分整体呈现小尺度的聚集分布,在大尺度下呈随机分布。②混交度:林分的混交度为0.84,说明它是一个由不同树种呈现强度混交结构状态组成的复杂森林群落。③大小比数:落叶松占据了优势地位,入侵的天然树种冷杉优势最明显,榆树最不具优势。     

阔叶红松林土壤氮素的空间分布

采用地统计学的方法分析了蛟河阔叶红松林土壤氮素的空间分布特征,并利用克里格差值绘制了土壤有效氮和全氮的空间分布图,结果表明:有效氮的平均含量为0.95±0.45 g·L-1,A层土壤有效氮的平均含量为1.19±0.45 g·L-1,B层土壤有效氮的平均含量为0.87±0.43 g·L-1,C层土壤有效氮的平均含量为0.67±0.28 g·L-1,变异系数分别为0.469、0.374、0.481、0.424;全氮的平均含量为0.97±0.449 g·L-1,A层土壤全氮的平均含量为1.31±0.391 g·L-1,B层土壤全氮的平均含量为0.87±0.345 g·L-1,C层土壤全氮的平均含量为0.58±0.253 g·L-1,变异系数分别为0.463、0.298、0.397、0.437。土壤中有效氮和全氮的含量,在水平方向上波动较大,呈非正态分布;在垂直方向上逐层递减,A层B层C层。     

Soil properties in forest gaps and under canopy in broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forests in Changbai Mountainous Region, China

The species composition and diversities, and soil properties under canopy gaps in broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forests were studied in the Changbai Mountains. The results indicated that the species composition and diversities in gap were different from those under canopy. The Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index, and abundance index in gap were higher than those under canopy in the seedling layer, while the community dominance in the seedling layer increased in closed canopy. The physicochemical properties of soil changed with the change of space and resource availability in gaps. The thickness, standing crop, and water holding capacity of the litter layer under canopy were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those in gap. The content of total nitrogen and total potassium of litter in gap were 10.47% and 20.73% higher than those under canopy, however, the content of total phosphorus and organic carbon under canopy were 15.23% and 12.66% more than those under canopy. The water content of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm of soil layer in gap were 17.65% and 16.17% more than those under canopy. The soil buck density of 0–10 cm were slightly higher under canopy than that in gaps, but there was no significant difference in the soil buck density of the 10–20 cm soil layer. The soil pH values were 5.80 and 5.85 in gap and under canopy, respectively, and were not significantly different. The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total potassium in gap were 12.85%, 7.67%, and 2.38% higher than those under canopy. The content of NH₄ ⁺-N, available phosphorus, available potassium, and total phosphorus in soil under canopy were 13.33%, 20.04%, 16.52%, and 4.30% higher than those in gap. __________ Translated from Forest Research, 2006, 19(3): 347–352 [译自: 林业科学研究]     

Recovery of species diversity after disturbance of broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain

IntroductionMorerecently,Thehumanl1asshowedagreatinterestli1studiesonpatternsofchangesinspeciesdiversityduriI1gprocessofsuccession,ThedistuIbal1ceofI1umanactivitiesornaturedisastershasagreatbopactonspeciesdiversity.PlantsPeciescomprisingapost-disturbancecommunityderhefromavarietyofsources-winddispersedseed,buriedpropagulesandresproutingsurvivorsl1'l.TheirulthatecontributiontotheserialflorarenectSacomplexinteractionofinitialabundance,includingdistuthanceintCnsity,proPagatCavailability,andc…     

Genetic Differentiation of Pinus koraiensis under Different Altitude Conditions in Changbai Mountain

The genetic differentiation of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) in different altitudes in Changbai Mountain was analyzed by ISSR technique, and it was found that the level of genetic diversity of Korean pine reduces along with altitude increasing in Changbai Mountain. The variation of Korean pine is mainly from intra-population and there is a positive relativity between genetic distance and vertical geographic distance of Korean pine in different altitudes. The genedc coherence shows that altitude has less insulation to Korean pine. Therefore, it is deduced that the terrain formation of vertical distribution of Korean pine is a result of diffusion from lower altitude to higher altitude in the course of enlarging its adaptability.     

Nitrogen flux in broad-leaved Korean pine forest land in Changbai Mountain

IntrotIuctionBroad-leavedKoreanpineforestistI1ezonalvegetationinNortheastChina.Theforms,transfdrmationandtransfer-enceofNintheforestlandarenotonlyimportantpartSofmaterialcyclingintheforestecosystem,butalsocon-cernedwithhoPOrtantenvironmentalquestions.InordertoinquireintoNflux,Nmineraliration,plantuptakeandleachinglossesinthetop2ocmoftheforestfloorwerestudiedwiththeinsitUsequentialcoringtechniquefromMaytoSeptemberofl994.MatcriaIsandmethodsSitcconditionThesampleplotstUdiedissituatedinErd…     

长白山林区次生阔叶林冠下红松人工更新与培育技术

通过对长白山林区林隙环境、林隙对红松生长的影响及肛伐强度对阔叶树生长、红松更新的研究,为科学地确定上红松更佳的最佳上层郁闭度,提高林分生长量,确定红松采伐年龄,促进天然林保护工程的发展提供科学的依据和技术。     

Microenvironmental heterogeneity of physical soil properties in a broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forest gap

Microenvironmental heterogeneity of soil physical properties in 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers in a broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forest gap in Xiao Xing’anling Mountains were analyzed by geostatistical method. The results show that the amount of soil water, saturation water capacity, capillary water capacity and porosity in the top layer were greater than those in the lower layer, except for bulk density, where the opposite applied. Soil physical properties in the top soil layer had relatively higher ranges and coefficients of variation. The total and auto correlation spatial heterogeneity of soil physical properties in the top layer were larger than those in the lower layer. The soil water had a strong anisotropic structure in an easterly and northerly direction, but porosity shows isotropy in the same directions. With increasing spatial distance, the other three physical factors exhibited anisotropic structures. The mutual effect between semi-variograms of soil physical properties in the top layer within the spatial autocorrelation range was not significant. For spatial distribution of physical properties within different layers, the patches at the middle and lower ranks in the forest gap dominated. Patches at higher rank were only distributed in the 0–20 cm soil layer and were located north of the forest gap center. __________ Translated from Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 5(3): 52–58 [译自: 中国水土保持科学]     

人工诱导阔叶红松林改良土壤效果分析

文章通过比较不同类型红松针阔混交林和红松纯林的林分枯落物含量、土壤理化性质及土壤酶活性等性状可知,单位面积枯落物总量红松针阔混交林比红松纯林高40%~60%,其半分解的枯落物量均高于未分解的枯落物量,而红松纯林则相反;红松针阔混交林中枯落物的持水量较红松纯林高26%~75%,养分含量明显高于红松纯林;红松针阔混交林土壤理化性质及酶活性都明显优于红松纯林。