进口盘磨机磨片的修复

我公司进口连续蒸煮生产线上盘磨(直径900mm)使用的不锈钢磨片材质是ZG1Cr18Ni9Ti,其具有耐磨、使用寿命长等优点,多年来使用效果良好。但生产过程中我们发现不锈钢磨片如果使用不当或使用一段时间后,磨齿表面会产生塑性变形,出现坡口,使磨片中浆流通过的凹槽被堵塞,打浆质量下     

热磨机磨片齿形结构的设计及静力学分析

热磨机磨片的齿形结构是磨片和原料间传递能量的主要方式,它与木片原料被研磨时的运动状态和研磨时间,以及纤维制备过程中纤维质量和设备的能耗密切相关。笔者根据磨片破碎区、粗磨区、精磨区的齿形结构、磨齿倾角、周向齿等参数对纤维分离能耗的影响以及磨片的设计要求,设计了一种有利于降低纤维分离能耗的热磨机磨片,并运用ABAQUS软件对磨片进行了静力学分析,分析结果表明磨片受到的静力作用对自身影响很小,设计满足要求。     

扇块分区热磨机磨片的热应力分析与优化设计

通过对扇块分区热磨机磨片进行热应力分析,得到磨片的最大应力值和最大变形,并运用ANSYS的优化模块对磨片进行结构优化设计,得到了能够满足各项性能要求的新磨片,并最终达到了产品设计的轻量化要求.     

影响热磨机磨片齿形结构设计要素分析

阐述了热磨机磨片的主要功能,并对影响磨片齿形结构设计的三个主要因素进行了分析.研究表明,原料的纤维特性、热磨机的性能、磨片的制造工艺对磨片齿形的结构设计、纤维分离的机理及磨片综合性能等有不同程度的影响.     

磨片结构对纤维解离质量及能耗影响分析

近些年来,为了提高纤维分离质量和降低能耗,磨片结构研究成为热点关注领域之一。国内外许多学者就磨片结构对纤维解离质量及能耗影响,展开了数学理论分析及实验研究。但基于传热学理论对上述关系的研究较少,因此本研究以传热学理论为基础展开研究。由于磨片处于高温高压的复杂工作环境中,不便于以实验的形式探究磨片的工作状态,故以传热学理论为依据,对现有磨片的工作状态进行理论和建模分析,根据分析结果,综合考虑原料特点后,提出磨片结构的改进方案:改变破碎区磨齿齿形;减小粗磨区和精磨区磨齿齿倾角;减少粗磨区磨齿数量,降低周向齿齿高;在破碎区和粗磨区间,粗磨区和精磨区间分别设置缓冲区域。将现有和改进型磨片建模分析结果进行对比,结果表明:磨片结构对纤维解离质量及能耗有较大的影响,改进型磨片不同区域温度场及热通量分布差异及平均值减小,受到的热应力较小,研磨工况较稳定;摩擦作用减弱,磨片热稳定性提高,纤维解离质量提高,因摩擦产生的能耗降低22.7%,验证了改进设计的合理性。     

圆环分区直齿热磨机磨片的温度场和热变形分析

基于摩擦学理论和传热学,利用ANSYS建立圆环分区直齿热磨机磨片的稳态温度场和热变形的三维热分析有限元模型,分析该磨片处于热平衡状态下的温升和热变形.结果表明,热变形对磨片之间间隙有一定影响.     

热磨法纤维分离能量耗散影响因素的分析

目前,我国纤维板生产进入了一个高速发展的时期,年产量位居世界首位,而生产状况总体上呈现"高能耗、低效率"的状态,其主要原因在于我国纤维板生产的工艺水平和技术水平还比较落后,对纤维板生产的工程应用性基础理论的研究还存在不足,因此笔者结合热磨法纤维分离的基本原理及纤维制备的工艺过程,从热磨机磨片和热磨工艺参数两个方面对热磨法纤维分离能耗进行分析,分别探索磨片齿形结构参数、原料预处理工艺等因素对纤维分离能耗的影响,从而揭示热磨法纤维制备中能量耗散的影响因素,建立磨片齿形结构参数与纤维分离能耗之间的内在联系,不仅可以为纤维分离设备的结构优化、提高纤维分离质量以及降低纤维分离能耗提供可靠的理论基础和技术支撑,也可以提高磨片的使用性能。     

热磨机磨片齿刃比负荷对木纤维形态的影响

选择8种热磨机磨片,通过计算齿刃比负荷(SEL),并测量其加工纤维样本的长度及长径比,采用线性回归方法建立磨片齿刃比负荷与纤维长度、长径比之间的关联模型。分析结果表明,磨片齿刃比负荷对纤维长度和长径比有显著影响,均为负相关关系,其中对纤维长度的影响更为明显。这一特征可为生产中纤维形态质量预估、热磨机磨片选型及齿形结构设计提供参考。     

磨片加工磨床的设计

在中纤板生产中，热磨机是重要的设备之一，其磨片消耗在设备配件成本中占有很大的比例，磨片一旦换下来就当作废铁处理，这不能不说是一种浪费。我们经过观察研究发现，拆换下来的磨片齿槽还比较深，只是齿面部分磨平，磨齿变钝，从而使纤维变粗，需要更换。目前，国内还没有专门的磨床加工这些旧的磨片，     

纸浆高浓磨盘磨片材质的研制

经合金化和RE变质处理的高铬铸铁具有良好的抗磨耐蚀和强韧性，用于制造磨盘磨片，使用寿命佤进口产品相当，且价格只有它的三分之一。高铬铸铁磨片制造工艺简单，不需要复杂的热处理，节约时间，降低了劳动强度，值得推广使用。     

单层热压机刨花板坯网带的使用

刨花板坯网带采用不锈钢丝编织后,延长网带的寿命,提高了刨花板的质量、生产效率、成品率及产品档次。     

纤维板热磨机磨片材质开发与研究

Defibrator is a very important machine in the wood industry for producing fiberboard.The refiner plates are the key parts of defibrator that directly act with the wood,and broken easily.The working life of the refiner plates is of significance to the wood industry.It may affect refining quality,production efficiency,and power consumption.In this paper,the abrasion resistance of the refiner plate made of different materials,the stainless steels and high chromium cast irons,were tested and compared.The results showed that abrasion resistance of refiner plate made of high chromium cast irons was better than that of the stainless steel materials.Although the two kinds of materials have the same compositions,their abrasion resistances have apparent difference.The main reason is that the material microstructures have very important effects on their performance.The refiner plates made of developed high chromium cast irons don‘t demand the complex heat treatment.This can simplify the producing process,save the cost of production,decrease labor strength,and increase the production efficiency.     

In vitro and in vivo germination of spores of Marssonina brunnea (Ell. et Ev.) P. Magn

A water soluble inhibitor of germination is present on the surfaces of freshly collected spores of Marssonina brunnea (Ell et Ev.) P. Magn. Spores of this pathogen have a high potential for germination even in the absence of external substrates. Among the poplar clones examined there was no correlation between spore germination on leaf discs and the disease reaction of the discs under controlled conditions. However under these conditions the disease development on leaf discs taken from clone I-69/55 was correlated with the high resistance of this clone to Marssonina leaf spot in the field.     

Survival of Heterobasidion irregulare on red pine discs in cold temperatures

Disease foci of the conifer root and butt decay pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare are typically initiated following germination of spores deposited on freshly cut stumps, followed by expansion by tree to tree spread through root contacts and grafts. Although most abundant in autumn, inoculum of H. irregulare is also available during some cold winter periods in northern portions of the eastern United States. In both laboratory and field experiments, fresh stem discs of red pine (Pinus resinosa) were inoculated with H. irregulare conidia to test the null hypothesis that the pathogen would not survive prolonged exposure to cold temperatures experienced during winters in those regions. After exposure to cold for various periods of time, discs were incubated and then observed for presence of the Spiniger state of the pathogen. In each of two laboratory trials, the fungus survived on red pine discs incubated at ≤?20°C for 90 days. The field experiment was conducted during each of two winters at two infested red pine plantations. Inoculated discs were deployed periodically beginning in early winter and retrieved after various periods of time until spring. The Spiniger state of the pathogen was frequently observed on discs after laboratory incubation, even after field exposure of up to 6 months, during which temperatures ≤?25°C were sometimes recorded. Whether viable due to growth from inoculum initially placed on the discs, or natural inoculum deposited on discs exposed in the infested plantations, winter temperatures did not eliminate survival of the pathogen on this natural substrate. The potential for survival on stump surfaces during sub‐freezing temperatures during which application of stump protectants in water is impractical should be considered in evaluating the potential risk from H. irregulare to economically and environmentally valuable conifer forests of northcentral and northeastern North America.     

Definition of quality classes for champagne cork stoppers in the high quality range

Summary  For champagne and other sparkling wines, agglomerated cork stoppers are used, lined at the bottom with two superposed discs of natural cork. The quality evaluation of champagne stoppers in the high quality range was made in relation to the porosity of the visible surface of the bottom cork disc using image analysis techniques. The average porosity coefficient was 3.1%. Most pores were small but approx. 75% of the total porosity comes from pores with an area >0.25 mm². Pores with a high visual impact (>2.0 mm²) are less than 1% and were not determinant to the total porosity. The quality grading could be made using porosity coefficients as selection criteria to discriminate between classes. In comparison to commercial grading, the use of quantified porosity parameters for quality class definition allowed higher within class homogeneity and between class differentiation. Received 29 January 1998     

Coremia formation by Ceratocystis ulmi on elm stem discs

The seasonal fluctuation in the production of coremia by Ceratocystis ulmi (Buis.) was studied on elm stem discs taken from trees felled in April, June, July, September, October and November 1971 at Valcartier, Quebec. More coremia formed on stem discs of trees felled during the growing season. Except for trees felled in October and November, more coremia formed on sapwood than on heartwood. Evidence obtained during the study showed that the compounds, which trigger coremia formation, are not uniformly distributed within and between trees or throughout the period from April to November.     

电磁屏蔽功能胶合板的研究

以镍粉、石墨粉、不锈钢纤维和铜纤维作为导电单元,脲醛树脂为胶黏剂,制备3层落叶松胶合板,研究不同导电单元和涂胶量对板材电磁屏蔽效能(ESE)及胶合强度的影响.结果表明,纯镍粉填充的胶合板的ESE几乎为零;后3种导电单元填充的胶合板ESE分别达到5～10 dB,17～21 dB和6～17 dB;试板的胶合强度除不锈钢纤维添加量为80 g/m2时低于国家标准外,其余条件下均达到或超过国家相关标准要求.     

Polyporus schweinitzii Fr. und Sparassis crispa (Wulf. in Jacq.) ex Fr. als Fäuleerreger in einem Douglasienbestand (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) mit hohem Stammfäuleanteil1

Polyporus (Phaeolus) schweinitzii and Sparassis crispa as frequent decay fungi in Douglas fir. Of fifty, 55 ears old trees in a Pseudotsuga menziesii stand. 90% showed decay of the heart- wood of the butt. The possibility of transmission of the most frequent decay fungi, P. schwei- nitzii and S. crispa, which also are frequent parasites in the roots and butts of pine, from the roots of the Pinus sylvestris trees of the previous crop into the roots of the Douglas fir is discussed. A first identification of the fungi was made possible by storing the stem discs under moist conditions. The mycelia of P. schweinitzii and S. crispa grew out of the decayed wood and possessed a characteristic form and colour.     

Prediction of basic wood properties for Norway spruce. Interpretation of Near Infrared Spectroscopy data using partial least squares regression

This work was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and partial least squares regression (PLS) as a tool to characterize the basic wood properties of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). The wood samples originated from a trial located in the province of Västerbotten in Sweden. In this trial, the effects of birch shelterwoods (Betula pendula Roth) of different densities on growth and yield in Norway spruce understorey were examined. All Norway spruce trees in each shelterwood treatment were divided into three growth rate classes based on diameter at breast height (1.3?m) over bark. Five discs were cut from each tree (i.e. from the root stem, and at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of the total height). The discs from 40% tree height were used (i.e., where the largest variations in annual ring widths and wood density were found). A total of 27 discs were selected. The discs were used for measuring annual ring widths, wood density, average fiber length and the fiber length distributions. Milled wood samples prepared from the discs were used for recording NIR spectra. PLS regression was used to generate prediction models for the wood properties (Y-matrix) and NIR spectra (X-matrix) as well as between the wood properties (Y-matrix) and the fiber length distributions (X-matrix). One set of models was generated using untreated spectra and fiber length distributions. For a second set of models the structure in the X-matrix, which was orthogonal to the matrix described by the wood properties, was eliminated using a soft target rotation technique called orthogonal signal correction (OSC). The PLS model obtained using “raw” untreated NIR spectra and fiber length distributions had a poor modeling power as evidenced by the cumulative Q² values. For the PLS models based on untreated NIR spectra the cumulative Q² values ranged from a minimum of 16% (wood density) to a maximum of 46% (no. of annual rings). Orthogonal signal correction of the X-matrix (NIR spectra or fiber length distributions) gave PLS models with a modeling power corresponding to cumulative Q² values well in excess of 70%. The improvement in predictive ability accomplished by the OSC procedure was verified by placing four of the 27 observations in an external test set and comparing RMSEP values for the test set observations without OSC and with OSC.     

Long-term growth trends of red spruce and fraser fir at Mt. Rogers,Virginia and Mt. Mitchell,North Carolina

Cross-sectional area growth and height growth of Fraser fir and red spruce trees growing in Virginia and North Carolina were analyzed to identify possible long-term growth trends. Cross-sectional area growth provided no evidence of growth decline. The individual discs were classified according to parameter estimates of the growth trend equation. The predominant pattern of growth was a steady increase followed by fluctuation about a horizontal line. Other cross-sections exhibited a steady increase throughout the series. The only discs that represent declining growth patterns were from trees in subordinate crown position or which had previous top damage. No unexplained growth decline was present in any disc. The results regarding height growth were uncertain. A slight decline in height growth was present although we suggest that this observation was due to problems with the data or the model used to fit height growth. These findings contradict other studies suggesting that a recent growth decline has occurred in red spruce in the southern Appalachians.