银川地区鸡源致病性大肠杆菌耶尔森菌强毒力岛相关基因的检测及序列分析

为了研究耶尔森菌强毒力岛(HPI)在银川地区鸡源致病性大肠杆菌中的分布情况,试验根据HPI相关基因irp2和fyuA的参考序列设计引物,采用双重PCR方法对分离的20株鸡源致病性大肠杆菌进行这两种基因的扩增和检测,以及基因克隆和核苷酸序列分析。结果表明:irp2和fyuA基因在鸡源致病性大肠杆菌分离株中的阳性率均为40%(8/20);这两种毒力岛相关基因的核苷酸序列与GenBank中报道的基因核苷酸同源性高达98%以上。说明irp2和fyuA基因具有较高的保守性。     

鱼源小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌5种毒力基因的检测和分析

采用煮沸法和细菌基因组DNA试剂盒两种方法制备鱼源小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌DNA模板,运用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的5种毒力基因(ail、yadA、virF、ystB和HPI-int),并对HPI-int基因进行测序分析.结果表明,小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌ail、virF和HPI-int 3种毒力基因被检测出,而另外两种毒力基因ystB和yadA未被检测到.HPI-int基因长度为722 bp,GenBank序列号为JX041513,与该数据库中的小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌强毒力岛基因的相似性达到99％,由此推断该菌株具有较强的致病性.这为深入研究小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的毒力和危害积累了科学资料.     

禽致病性大肠杆菌中耶尔森菌强毒力岛的分子流行病学调查

为了解耶尔森菌强毒力岛（HPI）在禽致病性大肠杆菌（APEC）中的流行情况，根据HPI结构基因irp2和fyuA参考序列设计了引物，用PCR方法和斑点杂交法对从江苏等地分离的APEC基因组进行了扩增和检测，并对E．coli NTJC040406菌株相关基因进行了克隆和序列分析。结果表明，216株APEC中有44．9％的菌株携带有HPI，序列分析表明相关基因与GenBank中参考序列的同源性高达98％以上。提示HPI在APEC中广泛存在，经进一步分析，发现分离菌株是否携带HPI与O78等特定血清型有一定的相关性。     

禽源性大肠杆菌HPI毒力岛irp2基因PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为了解临床禽源致病性大肠杆菌中高致病性毒力岛(High pathogenicity island HPI)流行情况和基因特征,根据Gen Bank已知禽源irp2基因序列,设计、合成一对特异性引物,建立irp2基因PCR检测方法,优化、确定PCR扩增特性,进行敏感性、特异性、重复性检测评价。对256份临床分离禽源大肠杆菌进行irp2基因PCR检测和基因遗传变异分析。结果显示,建立的PCR检测方法敏感性可达2.14×10~(-4)ng/μL;特异性显示与鸡沙门菌、副鸡嗜血杆菌、鸭疫里默菌、禽巴氏杆菌、鸡毒支原体、鸡新城疫病毒、禽流感病毒(H9N5)核酸均无交叉反应;重复性显示3份阳性样品重复5次检测,变异系数3.4%~5.0%。256份临床样品PCR检测irp2基因,阳性率30.6%。获得了9株分离株irp2基因序列,分析显示,与GenBank已知基因同源性高达96.2%以上。说明建立的禽源大肠杆菌HPI毒力岛irp2基因PCR检测方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性和重复性,可应用于临床致病性大肠杆菌毒力岛基因快速检测。     

禽致病性大肠杆菌HPI毒力岛irp2蛋白表达、纯化及其间接ELISA方法建立

PCR扩增irp2主要抗原表位区,构建pET-32α-irp2表达载体,转化BL21(DM3)细胞诱导表达。以纯化irp2蛋白为抗原建立ELISA检测方法,确定抗原包被浓度、血清稀释度、封闭液与封闭条件和临界值等参数,进行ELISA性能检测及应用。结果显示,PCR扩增出约519bp特异性irp2主要抗原表位基因,经菌液PCR、双酶切及DNA测序显示成功构建pET-32α-irp2表达载体。irp2目的蛋白获得有效表达,相对分子质量大小约34 500,亲和纯化后纯度达90%以上。Western blot显示目的蛋白irp2与抗血清在约34 500出现特异性显示条带。确定ELISA抗原包被质量浓度3.25mg/L、血清稀释度1∶80,封闭液为5%脱脂奶粉,封闭条件37℃1h+4℃10h,临界值为0.320。性能检测显示,其敏感性可达1∶5 120;与鸡白痢沙门菌、鸡传染性鼻炎、鸡霉形体、鸡巴氏杆菌、HPI-大肠杆菌等血清无交叉反应特异性,批内、批间变异系数分别为3.40%~6.71%和5.20%~8.44%;与PCR方法对124份血清平行试验其符合率93.8%;对1 425份临床血清样品irp2抗体阳性检出率37.4%。结果表明,建立了可检测血清中irp2蛋白抗体的间接ELISA方法,适用于临床血清样品进行快速抗体检测,为HPI大肠杆菌的流行病学调查和致病性大肠杆菌免疫机制研究奠定基础。     

鸡源大肠杆菌中HPI和LEE毒力岛相关基因的检测

采用PCR方法检测辽宁锦州地区分离的150株鸡源大肠杆菌中耶尔森菌强毒力岛基因(HPI)和肠细胞脱落位点毒力岛(LEE),利用多重PCR方法检测HPI irp2和fyuA基因,以及LEE ler和eaeA基因.在分离的鸡源大肠杆菌中,HPI毒力岛基因检测结果为:18.7％的菌株irp2和fyuA基因扩增阳性,6.7％的菌株irp2基因阳性;LEE毒力岛基因检测结果为:15.3％的菌株ler和eaeA基因扩增阳性.结果表明,25.3％的鸡源大肠杆菌携带HPI,15.3％的鸡源大肠杆菌携带LEE.     

携带耶尔森强毒力岛的大肠埃希菌耐药性及其对雏鸭的致病性试验

为了解105株动物源携带耶尔森强毒力岛的大肠埃希菌耐药状况和致病性,分别对各分离菌进行28种抗菌药物的敏感性测定,并选择不同毒力基因型的10株大肠埃希菌进行雏鸭的致病性试验.结果表明,分离菌对四环素、多西环素、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、复方磺胺甲(噁)唑、链霉素耐药性较高,耐药率均在80%以上;敏感率在80%以上的药物有头孢...     

皖北地区仔猪源大肠杆菌毒力因子及HPI毒力岛的检测

我国皖北地区哺乳仔猪腹泻频发,临床直肠棉拭子培养物有34例符合大肠杆菌特征,并进行产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)毒力因子(STa、STb、LT、SLT-2e)和HPI毒力岛的PCR快速检测。结果,仅有10例表达STa和STb(29.41%),其中3例表达STa基因(8.82%),2例表达STb基因(5.88%),2例表达STa和STb基因,1例表达STa和irp2基因(2.94%),2例表达STa和STb及irp2基因,揭示HPI+大肠杆菌与ETEC混合感染共有3例(8.82%);未检测到LT和STL-2e毒力因子。有10例表达irp2基因(29.41%),其中7例独立表达irp2基因(20.59%)。STa、STb和Irp2的PCR产物测序结果分别与GenBank检索的目标序列比对,其同源性均达到100%。结果初步揭示了皖北地区致哺乳仔猪腹泻ETEC毒力因子及HPI毒力岛的分布情况。     

105株携带耶尔森菌强毒力岛大肠杆菌的毒力基因型和部分菌株毒力因子序列研究

为了解105株携带耶尔森菌强毒力岛(HPI)的大肠杆菌(E.coli)中相关毒力因子的流行情况和基因序列,根据GenBank中参考序列设计引物,采用PCR方法对广东地区养殖场来源的105分离株HPI+E.coli的fyuA、tsh、iucD、iss 4种毒力基因进行检测,统计基因类型;并对部分分离株的5种毒力基因(irp2和fuA、tsh、iucD、iss)进行了克隆与序列分析.结果显示105株HPI+E coli中4种毒力因子携带情况不尽一致,基因fyuA、tsh、iucD和iss的阳性率分别为55.24％、17.14％、49.52％和23.81％,105株HPI+E.coli共有13种基因型;分析表明,除iss基因与参考序列的同源性在88.0 ％～90.9％外,irp2、fyuA、tsh、iucD4种基因与GenBank中参考序列的同源性高达96％以上;广东省养殖场E.coli毒力因子基因型复杂,并以基因型irp2+ fyuA+ iucD+和仅含irp2+的菌株分离率最高,分别为17.14％和28％.     

云南楚雄规模化猪场仔猪大肠杆菌HPI基因调查及耐药性分析

为研究规模化猪场大肠杆菌高致病性毒力岛（high pathogenicity island,HPI）基因流行特征及其耐药性,本试验从云南省楚雄州地方猪场采集粪便及肛门拭子,应用麦康凯培养基、生化鉴定管及PCR扩增对大肠杆菌进行分离鉴定,分别通过PCR反应、动物回归试验及纸片扩散法研究分离菌株的HPI基因携带情况、致病性及耐药性。结果显示,共分离获得78株大肠杆菌,分离率为83.87%,HPI基因携带率高达96.15%;24 h内,HPI阳性菌株致小鼠死亡率100%,HPI阴性菌株致小鼠死亡率75%,对照组无小鼠死亡,表明HPI基因可提高小鼠死亡率;药敏试验结果显示,分离菌株对四环素、氨苄西林、复方新诺明、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、头孢他啶及阿米卡星的耐药率分别为88.46%、84.62%、73.08%、53.85%、38.46%、19.23%和5.13%,对多黏菌素B不耐药。本试验结果可为防治大肠杆菌相关疾病提供一定的理论依据。     

强毒小肠结肠耶氏菌生物素标记基因探针的研究

在构建的小肠结肠耶氏菌毒性质粒DNA基因文库pYB1～8与pYP1～6的基础上,筛选出了pYB7和pYP6克隆株.用限制性内切酶Bam HI消化pYB7,Pst消化pYP6,可分离出3.8kb和6.4kb的插入性DNA片段.以这两个基因片段为目的基因,用生物素化dUTP和光敏生物素标记,获得了生物素标记的基因探针.该探针能检出10pg以上的强毒小肠结肠耶氏菌DNA,不与无毒小肠结肠耶氏菌及大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等18种对照菌反应,具有高度的特异性和敏感性.pYB7与pYP6探针对不同血清型及来源的小肠结肠耶氏菌检测,其结果与自凝性试验、依钙试验等结果相符;对小肠结肠耶氏菌强毒株与无毒株检定的准确率为100%.     

小肠结肠耶氏菌毒性质粒基因文库的构建

本研究以pAT153质粒为载体,构建了小肠结肠耶氏菌毒性质粒(pVYE)经限制性内切酶Bam HI和PstI消化产生的DNA片段的基因文库.实验克隆了8株(pYBI～8)pVYE的BamHI片段和6株(pYPI～6)pVYE的PstI片段的重组子.其中pYB4、pYB7、pYB8重组质粒中插入的pVYE—Bam HIDNA片段的分子量分别为8.7、3.8、20kb;pYP3、pYP5、pYP6重组质粒中插入的pVYE-Pst I DNA片段的分子量分别为4.5、3.0、7.0kb.本实验结果为进一步筛选和制备特异性基因探针奠定了基础.     

断奶幼兔腹泻肠致病性大肠杆菌LEE毒力岛的分子检测

为了了解 L EE毒力岛在山东省兔场的流行情况 ,自 2 0 0 0年 2月到 2 0 0 3年 6月从潍坊、曲阜、恒台、烟台、莱芜、泰安等地兔场的断奶前后腹泻和健康兔肠内容物或粪便中分离的大肠埃希氏菌 ,用 PCR法检测 L EE毒力岛上的 eae A基因。结果发现 ,在 2 0～ 30日龄、30～ 5 5日龄、5 5～ 80日龄的腹泻幼兔中 ,携带 L EE毒力岛的大肠埃希氏菌检出率分别为 0 (0 / 5 )、72 .7%(2 4 / 33)、2 3.5 % (4 / 17) ,而在相同日龄的健康幼兔中检出率为 0 (0 / 2 4 )。从其他肠道致病菌的检出情况来看 ,沙门氏菌和魏氏梭菌检出率极低 ,沙门氏菌在腹泻兔为 9% ,健康兔为 4 .2 % ,魏氏梭菌在健康兔和腹泻兔均为 0。生化试验表明 eae A阳性的大肠杆菌为乳糖发酵试验弱阳性的菌株。结论 eae A阳性的肠致病性大肠杆菌 (EPEC)应是导致上述兔场断奶后幼兔发生腹泻症的主要细菌性病原 ;L EE毒力岛的检测能够作为兔肠致病性大肠杆菌 (REPEC)的诊断和流行分子病学调查的主要手段     

犊牛腹泻源大肠杆菌耐药情况及HPI相关基因的检测

本研究旨在明确犊牛腹泻源性大肠杆菌的耐药情况、强毒力岛（HPI）标志基因及相关基因的携带情况,以及大肠杆菌分离株与HPI携带的关系。采集犊牛病理性腹泻样本158份,采用麦康凯培养基和伊红美蓝培养基进行筛选,镜检符合大肠杆菌形态的进行VITEK 2 Compact生化鉴定和PCR鉴定,采用K-B纸片法对大肠杆菌分离株进行药敏试验,应用PCR方法进行分离株HPI相关基因携带情况的检测。结果显示,共分离得到75株大肠杆菌,分离株对阿莫西林、哌拉西林、氨苄西林、头孢唑啉、氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、四环素的耐药率均>90%,对头孢氨苄、头孢拉定、头孢曲松、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星和氧氟沙星的耐药率均≥ 60.00%,对阿米卡星较敏感,耐药率为9.33%;75株大肠杆菌全部耐3种以上药物,多重耐药（≥ 10）的菌株占85.33%,耐药谱集中在耐14~17种药物,5株对19种药物全部耐药。HPI标志基因irp2的阳性率为100%,其他相关基因fyuA、irp3、irp5、irp8和ytbA的检出率在66.00%以上。综上所述,宁夏地区犊牛腹泻源性大肠杆菌耐药普遍,多重耐药现象严重。     

Competitive exclusion of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 4, serotype O:3 by Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A,serotype O:6,30 in tissue culture and in pigs

AIMS: To study the adhesion properties of a biotype 4, serotype O:3 (human pathogenic) strain of Yersinia enterocolitica and to determine if adhesion in vitro and colonisation in vivo can be prevented by competition with a biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 (non-pathogenic) strain. To study interaction between Y. enterocolitica biotype 4, serotype O:3 and cultured epithelial cells using the synthetic tripeptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD).

METHODS: The human intestinal epithelial (HEp-2) cell line was used for in vitro studies. Inocula of Y. enterocolitica biotype 4, serotype O:3 radiolabelled using tritium were incubated with HEp-2 cells and RGD tripeptide, or with Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 sequentially or concurrently, then washed and lysed, and radioactivity measured to determine the effect of RGD on adhesion, and competitive exclusion of pathogenic by non-pathogenic bacteria. For in vivo studies, two groups of 5-week-old piglets (n=5/group) were sequentially inoculated orally with 5x10⁹ colony forming units (cfu) of either a non-pathogenic biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 strain of Y. enterocolitica followed by a pathogenic biotype 4, serotype O:3 strain, or vice versa. Pigs were monitored for carriage of strains using bacterial culture and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTS: The RGD tripeptide significantly inhibited adherence of the pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strain to cultured epithelial cells, suggesting that adhesion involved the RGD tripeptide sequence. The non-pathogenic biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 strain of Y. enterocolitica prevented adhesion of the pathogenic strain to cells in vitro when allowed to adhere first. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was consistently isolated from rectal swabs from 80-100% of pigs on all sampling occasions but not from oral swabs after 14 days in pigs first inoculated with the non- pathogenic strain or at 26 days in pigs first inoculated with the pathogenic strain.

CONCLUSIONS: A non-pathogenic strain of Y. enterocolitica reduced adhesion of a human pathogenic strain in vitro but not in vivo.     

Comparison of sampling and isolation procedures for recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 from the oral cavity of slaughter pigs

Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3/biotype 4 was isolated from the oral cavity of altogether 32 (68.1 %) of 47 freshly eviscerated slaughter pigs. Most efficient recovery was achieved by cultivation of tissue samples from both tongue and tonsils of the same individual. The isolation rate so obtained was significantly higher than that obtained by separate examination of either tonsil swabs or tongue swabs. However, the isolation frequency achieved by combined swabbing of the 2 sites was not significantly different. In general, tonsils were more productive for the recovery of 0:3 strains than were tongues, and tissue samples yielded higher isolation rates than did swabs. Three-week cold enrichment in a low selective medium proved essential for optimal recovery. However, the highest number of isolates was obtained using a combination of methods, including direct plating and selective enrichment in a modified Rappaport broth in addition to cold enrichment.     

Occurrence of Salmonella,Campylobacter, Yersinia enterocolitica,Escherichia coli O157 and Listeria monocytogenes in Swine

The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of major bacterial foodborne pathogens in swine. In total, 359 samples from manure storage tanks (91) and fresh pooled faeces (268) obtained from finisher (110), sows (78) and weanlings (80) were collected and tested. Campylobacter, Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli O157 and Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from 36.5%, 31.5%, 5.8%, 3.3% and 3.3% of samples respectively. All E. coli O157 isolates found on 10 farms were tested but none was determined to be E. coli O157:H7. Salmonella and Campylobacter were more likely to be detected from stored manure rather than from fresh faecal samples. Yersinia enterocolitica tended to be detected more commonly from fresh samples than from manure pits. Listeria monocytogenes was not recovered from manure pits or from sow faecal samples and only infrequently found in the faeces of weanling pigs and finisher pigs. The proportion of positive samples showed a seasonal change. Salmonella was twice as likely not be recovered in winter, whereas the chance of culturing Campylobacter was higher in winter. The 113 Salmonella isolates recovered on 24 farms and the four most common serovars were Salmonella Typhimurium var. Copenhagen (31.0%), Salmonella Derby (12.4%), S. Typhimurium (10.6%) and Salmonella Agona (10.6%). Of 131 Campylobacter isolates recovered on 21 farms, 118 isolates were Campylobacter coli and 13 isolates could not be speciated. Fifteen of 21 Y. enterocolitica isolates found on 15 farms were detected in finisher pigs. The sero/biogroups of Y. enterocolitica were O3/biotype 4 (16 isolates), O6,30/biotype 1A (three isolates), O5/biotype 1A (one isolate) and O8/biotype 1B (one isolate). These findings provide baseline information on the distribution of important zoonotic pathogens in swine and indicate that pigs should be considered as a possible source of foodborne diseases in humans.