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临夏州2005年小麦条锈病越夏调查 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
临夏回族自治州地处甘肃西南部,境内海拔1600~4300m,属高寒阴湿地区。独特的地理环境、适宜的气候及丰富的寄主条件,非常适宜小麦条锈病的发生流行和越夏。2005年小麦条锈病在本州大流行,全州4郾01万hm2小麦全部发病。为了进一步明确本州小麦条锈病越夏状况,我们根据越夏区不同海拔高度和不同生态环境,在全州设15个固定调查点,从5月中旬开始,每旬进行1次调查记载,并适时开展了全州病情普查。1越夏病情1郾1冬、春小麦发病情况2004~2005年度全州种植小麦4郾01万hm2,其中冬小麦1郾47万hm2。2005年5月24日在康乐县虎关、临夏市枹罕等地发现病… 相似文献
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甘肃省小麦条锈病综合治理初见成效 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
小麦条锈病属甘肃省小麦生产上严重流行的病害。该病的发生轻重直接左右着全国小麦条锈病的流行形势,从而严重影响全国小麦的安全生产。新中国成立以来,小麦条锈病在甘肃有12次大流行,其中2002~2004年连续3年发生面积超过53.33万hm2,给小麦生产造成了严重损失。2005年甘肃省小麦条锈病又是大发生年,发生面积达56.71万hm2(严重发生的面积20万hm2),占小麦播种面积的60.76%,冬麦面积的89.54%,尤其是临夏、定西等中部地区,发生程度之重是近十多年来罕见的。然而,当年全省的夏粮产量并未因条锈病的严重发生而出现下滑,很大程度上应归功于条锈病… 相似文献
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鄂西北地区小麦条锈病发生规律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
鄂西北地处全国小麦主产带 ,其中襄樊市是全国 2 0个大型商品粮基地之一 ,也是小麦条锈病入侵湖北省的咽喉之地 ,我市小麦常年种植面积约2 5万hm2 。从 80年代初开始 ,小麦条锈病的流行具有明显周期性 ,每次大流行年发生面积占种植面积 70 %~ 80 % ,甚至更高 ,因条锈病危害造成的损失一般年份减产 10 %~ 2 0 % ,严重年份减产30 %~ 5 0 %。防治不力的部分田块甚至颗粒无收 ,损失相当惨重。为了更进一步掌握其发展、蔓延规律 ,有效控制其危害 ,作者对 1980年以来我市小麦条锈病发生动态作了比较系统的研究分析。1 研究方法1980~ 2 0 0 2… 相似文献
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小麦是六盘水市主要夏收作物,常年播种面积近4万hm2,近年来,小麦条锈病在六盘水市大面积发生流行,严重制约了六盘水市小麦的产量和品质,成为六盘水市小麦生产上的一大障碍,从2001年至2004年,小麦条锈病累计发生面积4.50万hm2,累计产量损失达246.36万kg.为了有效控制条锈病的发生和大面积的流行,六盘水市从2001年开始,进行了条锈病的综合防治,通过有效的治理,小麦条锈病的危害程度正逐年减轻,流行面积逐年减少,从2001年发生面积1.19万hm2减少到2004年的0.84万hm2. 相似文献
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小麦是宁南县最主要的小春粮食作物 ,常年种植面积在 30 0 0hm2 左右。自 1997年以来 ,宁南县小麦条锈病连年大流行 ,1997年发病面积约 6 70hm2 ,占全县小麦播种面积的 2 2 .2 6 %,产量损失达 8.7万kg ,发病面积和危害损失逐年加重 ,到 2 0 0 0年小麦条锈发病面积达约 2 70 0hm2 ,占全县小麦播种面积的83.5 8%,产量损失达 2 0 .85万kg ,对小春生产造成严重危害。小麦条锈病防治的好坏成为决定小麦产量高低乃至全县粮食生产丰欠的重要因素。1 宁南县小麦条锈病流行特点1.1 发病早侵染时间长常年 11月上中旬始见条锈病 ,先在河谷… 相似文献
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2006年十堰市小麦播种面积7.24万hm2,小麦病虫发生12.09万hm2次,其中小麦条锈病发生面积2.78万hm2次,防治面积3.27万hm2次,挽回粮食损失1.9万t。1小麦条锈病发生实况2006年小麦条锈病见病日为3月4日,中期流行较快,后期无大灾害。全市除房县、竹溪2级发生外,其他县市为3~4级,郧县、竹山局部大发生。2小麦条锈病发生特点2.1前期发生晚、基数低冬后调查(截止2006年2月20日)小麦条锈病不见病。2.2中期发展快、来势猛全市3月10日调查,小麦条锈病仅郧县、竹山县见病;3月31日调查,小麦条锈病已在城区、郧县、郧西县、竹山县、丹江口市普遍发生,病田… 相似文献
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庄浪县地处六盘山晚熟冬麦区,小麦是全县主要粮食作物之一。2005年全县冬小麦播种面积2.27万hm2,平均产量只有2586kg,究其原因是以小麦条锈病(Puccinia striifomis West.)为主的病虫为害所致。依据《甘肃省植保专业统计工作暂行规定》抽样调查,条锈病属大发生年份,全县化学防治面积1.8万hm2,挽回产量损失10011t,但由于综合防治措施落实不到位,仍造成全县小麦减产22.3%,实际产量损失2375t。因此,深入研究条锈病发生发展规律,对控制其为害,提高小麦产量和品质,增加农民收入有着重要的作用。1小麦条锈病发生情况从20世纪80年代初至今26年中,根… 相似文献
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麦田草害及防除 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
方强农场位于江苏省沿海垦区 ,占地面积 4 7万亩。麦类作物常年种植 4 3万亩 ,包括纯旱作麦田和稻麦轮作麦田。麦田的草害发生情况对于江苏沿海垦区具有一定的代表性。近年来笔者对方强农场豆 (玉米 )—麦、稻—麦连作的麦田杂草的发生情况进行了调查 ,并在本文中对方强农场麦田杂草化除措施作简单介绍 ,希望能为江苏沿海垦区麦田杂草的防除提供参考。1 麦田草害发生的特点1 1 早作麦田杂草的发生方强农场豆 (玉米 )—麦连作的旱作麦田杂草共有 41种 ,分属 1 5科 39属 ,其中双子叶杂草种类占多数 ,共 32种 ,分属 1 3科 30属 ,单子叶杂草… 相似文献
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A.A.S. IBRAHIM 《Weed Research》1984,24(4):227-231
Losses of about 40% in cane yields due to natural stands of weeds were found in experiments conducted in sugarcane var. Co 527 in the year of planting at Guneid Sugarcane Research Station, Sudan. Weed competition lowered millable stalks per metre row by 32%, stalk height by 24%, stalk thickness by 15% and number of nodes per stalk by 14%. Tillering was the growth phase most affected by weed competition. Cane yields were increased as number of hand weedings increased, but four weedings were not markedly better than three. The average yield (67·04 t ha?1) obtained from four weedings was not significantly (P= 0·05) better than that of three weedings carried out at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after cane planting. Juice analysis components were also affected by weeds and a 15% reduction in sucrose recovery was recorded. Reductions in the other components were only 4–7%. Atrazine and diuron (3·3 kg ha?1), metribuzin (2·4 kg ha?1) and metribuzin (1·3 kg ha?1) in tank mixture with diuron (1·5 kg ha?1) gave excellent residual weed control of the dominant weed species, Ipomoea cordofana Choisy., Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb., Corchorus fascicularis Lam., Ocimum basilicum L. and Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., for most of the first growing season. Excellent control of weeds achieved by the herbicide treatments resulted in comparable yields to frequently-weeded cane. These herbicides were not phytotoxic to sugarcane var. Co 527. 相似文献
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Jeroen van Schelt 《Pest management science》1993,37(4):405-409
A short overview is given of native and introduced pests in Dutch glasshouses. Several examples are presented to illustrate how external and internal factors influenced the choice and introduction of natural enemies on the market. The development time and acceptance of new beneficials has shortened considerably. The factors that influenced the biological control program of aphids and thrips are discussed in more detail. 相似文献
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我国农业面源污染现状及其对策研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
李自林 《干旱地区农业研究》2013,31(5):207-212
随着我国经济的快速发展,农业面源污染已成为我国环境污染的主要原因之一。农业面源污染制约农业可持续发展,已成为亟待解决的环境问题。目前,造成农业面源污染的原因主要是化肥农药的过量施用和流失,畜禽和水产养殖业污染,水土流失,作物秸秆大量废弃以及农膜污染。农业面源污染具有分散性、广泛性、随机性等特征,对土壤、水体、大气造成负面影响。本文针对农业面源污染问题,从生物、物理、化学以及农业管理等角度提出了相应的防治对策及措施,以期有效治理农业面源污染,保护环境,促进农业可持续发展。 相似文献
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宁夏地区温室蛞蝓的发生规律及防治 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
蛞蝓[Agriolimax agrestis(Linnaeus)]属软体动物门(Mollusca),蛞蝓科(Limacidae),俗称鼻涕虫,危害多种农作物幼苗和蔬菜,以及各种花卉[1].近年来,北方地区保护地发展较快,面积很大,温室蛞蝓发生严重.为探索蛞蝓在宁夏地区的发生规律,笔者于2003年对蛞蝓的危害、生物学特性、种群消长规律等作了调查,其目的在于探索防治蛞蝓的途径与方法. 相似文献
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Richard Bardner 《Pest management science》1978,9(5):458-464
Coffee pests have been estimated to cause losses of about 13% of the world yield but are most serious in Africa, particularly where Arabica coffee is grown. Coffee pests are normally indigenous and except for the berry borer beetle (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) there has been little movement between the main production areas. There is a great variety of pests but because the crop is perennial, evergreen and only grown in areas without climatic extremes, pest populations only rarely become intolerable, being held in check for most of the time by parasites, predators and diseases. Routine spraying of insecticides in coffee plantations is undesirable for these kill parasites and predators and often result in pest outbreaks. An effective but simple integrated control system has been evolved over many decades in East Africa, using a combination of cultural, biological and chemical control. Pest numbers are monitored continuously by growers and insecticides are used as selectively as possible. The system is ideally suited to areas where labour is cheap but technology is expensive. 相似文献
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老麻园苎麻几种主要病害及其防治 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
苎麻是重要的天然纺织纤维之一,江西是我国四个苎麻主产区之一,苎麻的病害主要由线虫、真菌和细菌引起,每年给苎麻生产带来较大的损失,其中老麻园损失更大。在我省老麻园中对苎麻生产影响大的病害主要有苎麻根腐线虫病(Pratylenchuspenetrans Cobb)、苎麻白纹羽病(Rosellinia necatrixBerl)、苎麻立枯病(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)和苎麻疫霉病(Phytophthora boehmeriae Saw)。 相似文献
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I. OKEZIE AKOBUNDU 《Weed Research》1981,21(6):273-278
Several herbicides applied singly and in combination were evaluated for weed control and for their effects on crop yield in direct-seeded lowland rice under poor water management conditions characteristic of the conditions in which lowland rice is grown by most farmers in West Africa. Several herbicides including cyperquat at 3.0 kg/ha, a mixture of cyperquat and 2,4-D at 2.0 + 0.5 kg/ha, bentazon at 2.0 kg/ha and avirosan satisfactorily controlled sedges in the 3-year study. Crop yield was consistently high in plots where weeds were controlled with post-emergence application of MCPA + propanil at 1.0+1.7 kg/ha, propanil + thiobencarb 2.2+1.2 kg/ha, oxadiazon 1.5 kg/ha, bentazon 2.0, granular 2,4-D at 1.0 kg/ha, and a pre-emergence application of bifenox at 2.0 kg/ha. Crop yields in plots treated with these herbicides were generally better than with two hand-weedings. 相似文献