金针菇多糖成分及其提取工艺研究进展

概述金针菇多糖（Flammulina Velutipes Polysaccharides, FVP）的成分,探讨金针菇多糖的提取工艺,并对金针菇多糖的未来发展进行了展望。     

水稻纹枯病菌致病机理的研究进展

从水稻纹枯病菌侵染过程及其2 个主要致病因子毒素和细胞壁降解酶3 个方面简述了水稻纹枯病菌致病机理方面的最新研究进展,分析与比较了两大致病因子毒素和细胞壁降解酶的不同致病机制,旨在为水稻纹枯病的深入研究和有效防治提供理论依据。     

尖镰孢菌致病机理研究进展

香（大）蕉是世界重要的水果和粮食作物,但世界香蕉产业的发展正遭受到由古巴尖镰孢菌侵染引起的枯萎病的严重威胁,目前还没有有效的防治方法,而且其致病机理尚未明晰。笔者综述尖镰孢菌与寄主的互作关系,包括侵入前期寄主根的分泌物对尖镰孢菌生长的影响和尖镰孢菌侵染寄主的过程;致病毒素,包括尖镰孢菌所产毒素的成分和毒素的作用机制和致病相关基因等方面的研究进展,为全面、深入地揭示香蕉枯萎病的致病机理和开拓新的防治途径提供研究方向和思路。     

尖孢镰孢菌致病机理及相关致病基因研究进展

尖孢镰孢菌是农作物和园艺作物上为害最严重的土传病原物之一,目前仍缺乏有效的防治措施,而明确其致病机理被认为是开发新的且有效的防治技术的重要基础。本文从尖孢镰孢菌产生毒素、尖孢镰孢菌细胞壁降解酶、尖孢镰孢菌对寄主的定植及对植物防卫物质的解毒等角度阐述了尖孢镰孢菌致病机理,总结了近几年克隆的15个尖孢镰孢菌致病相关基因、基因功能以及筛选致病基因的策略;概括了研究致病机理和致病基因的意义。     

植物多糖的提取技术与功能研究进展

多糖几乎存在于所有的动物、植物及微生物体内而参与机体生理代谢。植物多糖具有降血糖、降血脂、预防和治疗糖尿病、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等生理功能,可作为药物用于临床治疗,其提取方法主要有超滤法、微波辅助提取法、超微粉碎法、超临界流体萃取法等。     

花椒药用价值研究进展

花椒是一种药食两用的植物,含有挥发油、酰胺、生物碱、黄酮、木脂素、香豆素等具有药用价值的生物活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、镇痛、抑菌、抗炎等多种药理作用。随着花椒产量增加,迫切需要开发花椒的药用价值。综述了花椒药用活性成分的药理作用及提取方法,为进一步开发利用花椒资源提供一定的参考依据。     

藜麦活性成分研究进展

藜麦是苋科藜属一年生双子叶植物, 作为一种营养价值突出的功能性健康食品, 不仅富含多酚、黄酮、皂苷、多糖、多肽、蜕皮激素等活性成分, 还含有丰富的维生素、必需氨基酸、矿物质(K、P、Mg、Ca、Zn、Fe)等营养物质, 具有均衡补充营养、增强机体功能、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂、抗炎、提高免疫、防治心血管疾病以及抗菌抗溃疡等生理活性, 尤其适于高血糖、高血压、高血脂、心脏病等慢性病人群及婴幼儿、孕产妇、儿童、学生、老年人等人群食用。藜麦因其全面的营养价值和食用功能特性, 且优于大多数谷物, 成为适宜人类食用的全营养食品。本文综述藜麦的活性成分及其生理功能作用, 并展望其在食品工业中的发展前景, 旨在对藜麦产业、食品保健和医药研发等领域提供重要的参考价值。     

微波辅助提取香菇多糖的工艺研究

对影响微波技术提取香菇多糖的因素进行了研究，考虑的因素包括料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间、微波辐射时间、浸提次数等。结果表明，香菇多糖的最佳提取条件为：料液比1:25，浸提温度80℃，浸提时间3h，微波辐射3min，浸提1次。在此条件下，香菇多糖提取得率可达7.70%。     

棉花黄萎病菌致病的分子机理

阐述了大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb)产生的细胞壁降解酶、蛋白酶和毒素在致病中的作用及微菌核形成机制,全面分析了基因组学途径、RNA干涉和农杆菌介导的转化等真菌功能基因组学技术在大丽轮枝菌致病分子机理研究上的进展.     

根肿菌与根系互作效应及其影响因素研究进展

根肿菌是一种专性寄生在十字花科植物根部的的土传病原菌。简要介绍了根肿菌的生物学特性、危害、检测方法及根肿病的防治方法,重点介绍根肿菌在植物根际土壤中的行为过程及其与寄主植物的互作效应,总结了土壤理化因子、根系分泌物、根际微生物、矿质元素等根际土壤因素对根肿病发生过程的影响与调控。旨在为研发根肿病防治措施与技术提供理论依据,为促进十字花科作物的安全生产提供参考。     

油菜抗根肿病品种筛选试验研究

通过2009-2010年在云南根肿病重发病区保山市隆阳区板桥镇进行油菜抗根肿病品种筛选试验研究,对云南省近年来主栽的9个油菜品种和7个从国内各育种单位引进的品种进行根肿病抗性研究。结果表明：人工模拟苗期渍害明显加重根肿病为害,显著降低油菜最终收获产量。根肿病从苗期始为害油菜、苔期最重、成熟期为害发病率和病情指数均略有下降。供试的16个品种抗根肿病能力大体可分为3个类群,‘A35’、‘花油7号’和‘云油双1号’3个品种全生育期均表现出较强的抗根肿病能力,可作为云南根肿病常发区主导品种和育种材料使用。     

Disease response of resynthesized Brassica napus L. lines carrying different combinations of resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.

Resistance responses of resynthesized Brassica napus lines to infection with Plasmodiophora brassicae were investigated. Lines that were derived from interspecific crosses between clubroot-resistant B. rapa and resistant B. oleracea exhibited very broad and effective resistance in both greenhouse and field tests. When clubroot resistance was introduced into resynthesized lines from the B. oleracea parent only, the plants were mainly susceptible. Interspecific hybrids from the most resistant parental genotypes, i.e. B. campestris ECD-04 and the B. oleracea cultivars ECD-15 or ‘Bohmerwaldkohf’, were used to initiate a B. napus resistance-breeding programme. These artificial rapeseed lines were resistant to isolates that were virulent on all B. napus differential lines and/or parental lines. Preliminary segregation analysis suggests that their resistance is due to at least two dominant and unlinked genes. In some cases progenies from selfed resynthesized plants exhibited resistance reactions that differed from those of the parental hybrid plant; this may have been the result of cytological instability.     

Exploiting natural genetic diversity and mutant resources of Arabidopsis thaliana to study the A. thaliana–Plasmodiophora brassicae interaction

Clubroot, caused by the obligate biotroph Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron., is one of the most damaging diseases of Brassica crops in the world. Because the pathogen can infect all the Brassicaceae, including Arabidopsis thaliana, possible advantages have been found by identifying sources of resistance to P. brassicae in this model plant. Fifty‐seven ecotypes of A. thaliana, including the INRA Arabidopsis core collection, were assessed for resistance to clubroot disease. Ecotypes Burren (Bur‐0), Tsu (Tsu‐0) and Kaunas (Kn − 0) were identified as partially resistant to P. brassicae isolates eH and/or Ms6. Fifteen Arabidopsis mutant lines known for certain physiological processes potentially involved in the host‐pathogen interaction were evaluated for their resistance/susceptibility to P. brassicae. Mutant axr3‐1 appeared to be less susceptible than the wild type Columbia, supporting the hypothesis of the involvement of the auxin pathway in the development of clubs.     

Genetic analysis of resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron) in two Brassica oleracea groups (ssp. acephala and ssp. botrytis) through diallel analysis

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron, is a major disease of cruciferous crops and few sources of resistance have been detected and genetically studied in the Brassica oleracea species. In this study, two diallel mating systems using resistant kale lines and susceptible cauliflower lines were performed. Resistance was assessed from a disease index evaluated on young plants artificially inoculated with local isolates of the parasite. Both general and specific combining ability effects (GCA and SCA) and partly reciprocal effects were demonstrated. Resistance inheritance was, however, characterized by a predominance of additive genetic effects (GCA). Three groups of parent lines could be separated; kale lines with very high resistance, kale lines with intermediate resistance and susceptible cauliflower lines. In the two kale groups, two genetically different resistance types were suggested and various recurrent selection procedures are proposed following the diallel results.     

The barley thaumatin-like protein Hv-TLP8 enhances resistance of oilseed rape plants to Plasmodiophora brassicae

A barley cDNA for the thaumatin-like protein Hv-TLP8 driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was introduced into oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) via Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. Some transgenic lines were obtained which exhibited enhanced resistance to the clubroot pathogen ( Plasmodiophora brassicae ). To increase resistance, double haploid (DH) lines were generated from these transgenic plants. Of these, DH-line 189 showed stable inheritance of the transgenic trait and its associated resistance for at least three generations.     

马铃薯疮痂病的致病机制及防治研究进展

致病性疮痂链霉菌(Streptomyces scabies)引发的马铃薯疮痂病是世界范围内广泛存在的土传细菌性病害,难以防治.为了制定更有效的防治策略和开发新型药剂,使其得到更有效的控制,本文归纳了S.scabie产生的致病毒素thaxtomins和植物激素(细胞分裂素、生长素和乙烯)对S.scabies致病进程的影响...     

山楂抗氧化活性成分及作用机制研究进展

氧化应激与某些疾病的发生发展密切相关,因此寻找有效的抗氧化物质并阐明其作用机制具有重要作用。山楂具有明显的抗氧化作用,其抗氧化活性主要与调节体内抗氧化酶活性和清除体内自由基有关。本文综述了近年来山楂抗氧化活性成分及其作用机制的研究进展,以期为山楂抗氧化应激活性的深入研究及其相关产品的开发应用提供依据。     

绒毛白蜡耐盐碱响应机制的研究进展

文章主要叙述了盐碱胁迫对绒毛白蜡种子萌发、形态及生长、光合速率、叶绿素含量和细胞膜透性的影响,阐述了绒毛白蜡在盐胁迫下产生的表型上的适应性、渗透调节物质的合成、离子的转运和区域化、保护酶的生成等形态和生理响应机制,概述了绒毛白蜡耐盐碱分子响应机制的研究进展,包括差异基因表达和关键基因分析以及表观遗传调控机制。研究认为,应加强对绒毛白蜡在盐碱胁迫、干旱胁迫等多种胁迫共同发生时响应机制的研究,为更好地筛选和培育耐盐碱乔木树种提供实验依据。     

化学诱抗剂在控制甜瓜采后病害中的应用及其作用机制的研究进展

介绍了化学诱抗剂在甜瓜果实采后病害控制中的应用,分别从活性氧代谢、苯丙烷代谢、细胞结构及病程相关蛋白四个方面综述化学诱抗剂对甜瓜果实采后贮藏病害的作用机制,并重点从分子生物学层面对化学诱抗剂控制甜瓜果实采后贮藏病害作用机制的研究进行了展望,以期为防控甜瓜采后病害,延长其贮藏期提供理论基础和技术参考。     

棉花叶面施肥研究进展

作物叶面施肥具有许多土壤施肥无法比拟的效果,是补充营养元素和改善品质的一种重要手段。棉花叶面施肥不仅可以解决苗期低温,后期根系活力下降所造成的根系养分吸收不能满足需求的问题,而且可以提高产量改善棉花品质。本研究分析了叶面施肥所能解决的棉花生产中的问题。在前人研究的基础上并结合中国叶面肥的发展趋势,对棉花叶面肥的种类、叶面施肥技术进行了系统的归纳和总结,并对今后棉花叶面专用肥的研究方向进行了展望。