Circadian oscillations in rodents: a systematic increase of their frequency with age

The circadian activity rhythms of golden hamsters and two species of deermouse, when released from a light-dark cycle of 12 hours light and 12 hours of darkness into constant darkness, had progressively shorter periods as the animals became older. A possible bearing of this fact on the aging process is briefly outlined.     

Multiple circadian oscillators regulate the timing of behavioral and endocrine rhythms in female golden hamsters

A single daily "surge" in pituitary luteinizing hormone release was observed in ovariectomized-estrogen-treated hamsters expressing an intact circadian rhythm of locomotor activity. In contrast, two luteinizing hormone surges occurred within a single 24-hour period in hamsters whose activity rhythm had dissociated or "split" into two distinct components. These observations indicate that both behavioral and endocrine circadian rhythms are regulated by the same multioscillator system, which seems to be composed of at least two distinct circadian oscillators.     

Antiphase oscillation of the left and right suprachiasmatic nuclei

An unusual property of the circadian timekeeping systems of animals is rhythm "splitting," in which a single daily period of physical activity (usually measured as wheel running) dissociates into two stably coupled components about 12 hours apart; this behavior has been ascribed to a clock composed of two circadian oscillators cycling in antiphase. We analyzed gene expression in the hypothalamic circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), of behaviorally "split" hamsters housed in constant light. The results show that the two oscillators underlying the split condition correspond to the left and right sides of the bilaterally paired SCN.     

Light pulses that shift rhythms induce gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Lighting cycles synchronize (entrain) mammalian circadian rhythms by altering activity of cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, a circadian pacemaker. Exposure of hamsters and rats to light pulses at those phases of the circadian rhythm during which light can shift the rhythm caused increased immunoreactivity for the product of the immediate-early gene c-fos in cells in the region of the SCN that receives retinal fibers. Light pulses also increased messenger RNA for the Fos protein and for the immediate-early protein NGFI-A in the rat SCN. Similar increases in mRNA for NGFI-A were seen in the SCN of hamsters. Thus cells in this portion of the SCN undergo alterations in gene expression in response to retinal illumination, but only at times in the circadian cycle when light is capable of influencing entrainment.     

Positional syntenic cloning and functional characterization of the mammalian circadian mutation tau

The tau mutation is a semidominant autosomal allele that dramatically shortens period length of circadian rhythms in Syrian hamsters. We report the molecular identification of the tau locus using genetically directed representational difference analysis to define a region of conserved synteny in hamsters with both the mouse and human genomes. The tau locus is encoded by casein kinase I epsilon (CKIepsilon), a homolog of the Drosophila circadian gene double-time. In vitro expression and functional studies of wild-type and tau mutant CKIepsilon enzyme reveal that the mutant enzyme has a markedly reduced maximal velocity and autophosphorylation state. In addition, in vitro CKIepsilon can interact with mammalian PERIOD proteins, and the mutant enzyme is deficient in its ability to phosphorylate PERIOD. We conclude that tau is an allele of hamster CKIepsilon and propose a mechanism by which the mutation leads to the observed aberrant circadian phenotype in mutant animals.     

光照周期对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼昼夜节律调节的作用

为了研究尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼游泳行为在不喂食时是否存在昼夜节律和光照周期的调节作用,设计了光周期为光照(L)∶黑暗(D)=12 h∶12 h,持续的黑暗(DD),持续的光照(LL),光周期为L∶D=6 h∶6 h和光周期为L∶D=2 h∶2 h。结果表明:(1)光周期为L∶D=12 h∶12 h时,尼罗罗非鱼具有明显的昼夜节律,昼夜节律周期为(24. 3±0. 2) h;(2)尼罗罗非鱼的昼夜节律在持续的黑暗和光照下仍然存在,分别为(25. 1±1. 1) h和(25. 6±1. 0) h;(3)光周期为L∶D=6 h∶6 h时,尼罗罗非鱼仍具有明显的昼夜节律(12. 6±0. 5) h;(4)在光周期为L∶D=2 h∶2 h时,尼罗罗非鱼的昼夜游泳行为仍具有明显的昼夜节律,节律周期为(4. 0±2. 0) h。这些结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼具有以24 h为周期的内源性生物钟,但相比与外源性光照调控,内源性的生物钟对罗非鱼的调控较弱,外源性的光照周期才是调节尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼昼夜行为节律的主要因素。     

内源性和外源性雌二醇对绵羊黄体溶解的作用

20只绵羊随机按双因子试验设计分为4个处理组,双因子为X-射线照射卵巢选择性破坏卵泡和埋植雌二醇。X-射线照射使发情周期黄体期延长,雌二醇使这种作用逆转。子宫内膜催产素受体浓度决定于黄体溶解发生的时间,即黄体溶解较早发生羊只子宫内膜催产素受体浓度低于黄体溶解发生较晚或尚未发生的羊只。催产素和PGFM均呈现明显的分泌波。雌二醇处理缩短PGFM峰值间隔时间、延长催产素峰值间隔时间,可能存在一种不依赖于催产素的PGF_(2α)释放;雌二醇对这种不依赖于催产素的PGF_(2α)释放有着重要作用。     

Adenovirus tumorigenesis: role of the viral genome in determining tumor morphology

Adenovirus type 12 transforms the fibroblastic BHK21 (baby hamster kidney) cell line into rounded or cuboidal cells that give rise in hamsters to undifferentiated small cell sarcomas indistinguishable from those induced in newborn hamsters by inoculation of the virus itself. In contrast. cells from this line transformed by polyoma virus retain their fibroblastic morphology and induce fibrosarcomas in hamsters. This suggests that the morphology of tumors induced by the adenovirus-transformed cells from this line may be determined by the viral genome and that such mechanism may also explain the remarkably uniform microscopic appearance which seems to characterize tumors induced in hamsters by direct inoculation of adenovirus type 12.     

A mutation of the circadian system in golden hamsters

A mutation has been found that dramatically shortens the period of the circadian locomotor rhythm of golden hamsters. The pattern of inheritance of this mutation suggests that it occurred at a single, autosomal locus (tau). Wild-type animals have rhythms with free-running periods averaging about 24 hours; animals heterozygous for the mutation have periods of about 22 hours, whereas homozygous animals have rhythms with periods close to 20 hours. Animals that carry the mutant alleles exhibit abnormal entrainment to 24-hour light:dark cycles or are unable to entrain.     

INHIBITION BY 5-IODODEOXYURIDINE OF THE ONCOGENIC EFFECTS OF ADENOVIRUS TYPE 12 IN HAMSTERS

Subcutaneous tumors induced in newborn hamsters by type 12 adenovirus were suppressed when 0.5 mg of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR) was given at the same subcutaneous site as the virus. Although one injection of IUdR given immediately after the virus was effective, additional injections on subsequent days reduced further the number of hamsters developing tumors. These effects of lUdR are especially interesting since replication of infectious adenovirus 12 cannot be demonstrated in the hamsters at any time before or after tumor development.     

“J-11”和“中国春”与黑麦杂种胚胎发育的比较研究

对小麦商亲和品系"J-11"和"中国春"与黑麦远缘杂交的受精作用和胚胎发育进行了比较研究。黑麦花粉能在小麦柱头上萌发,花粉管可顺利长入花柱和胚囊。"J-11"已授粉的192个子房中,91．12％既形成胚又形成胚乳,2．08％只形成胚,1．04％只形成胚乳,总受精率为94．24％,成胚率为93．20％。而"中国春"授粉的192个子房中,相应的数据是80．21％、4．17％。2．60％、86．％％和84．38％。表明"J－11"比"中国春"与黑麦的可杂交性明显更高。     

The Influence of Red Wine on Lipid of Golden Hamsters Plasma

This experiment was conducted on 50 male golden hamsters, which were divided into five groups. Each group contained 10 hamsters： red wine group, alcohol-free red wine group, alcohol group, hypedipidemia group, and control group. During the four-week regime, all the hamsters were fed with a high cholesterol diet, except the control group. After completion of the trial, the plasma lipid levels and lipid peroxidation contents were determined in the golden hamsters, and the morphological variation in liver cells was investigated with electron microscopy. The results showed that concentrations of TC and TG in red wine, alcohol-free red wine, and alcohol groups had decreased dramatically. Compared with the hyperlipidemia group, the levels of LDL-C had significantly decreased in other groups, but not the HDL-C. Consumption of red wine, alcohol-free red wine, and alcohol, had no significant effects on Apo A1 and Apo B. Red wine, alcohol-free red wine, and alcohol significantly decreased the contents of MDA in hamsters. The experiment demonstrated that red wine could ameliorate the incidence of atherosclerosis （AS） via reducing serum TC, TG, LDL-C, and the compounds in red wine had synergic effects.     

DDT administered to neonatal rats induces persistent estrus syndrome

The o,p'-isomer of the insecticide DDT when injected into neonatal female rats significantly advanced puberty, induced persistent vaginal estrus after a period of normal estrous cycles, and caused the ovaries to develop follicular cysts and a reduced number of corpora lutea. The uterotropic response to administered estradiol was reduced, and the female pattern of mating behavior was slightly disturbed. Residues of DDT in ovarian, brain, and adipose tissues of the adult animals were the same in both treated and control groups.     

延长来曲唑的用药时间对大鼠多囊卵巢综合征造模的影响

目的观察延长来曲唑的用药时间对多囊卵巢综合征（PCO S）模型大鼠血清性激素水平和卵巢形态的影响。方法 60只雌性SD大鼠随机等分为3组,21天组和30天组分别给予来曲唑连续灌服21、30 d,对照组不作任何处理。HE染色观察卵巢组织学变化,放免法测定大鼠血清性激素水平。结果对照组卵巢可见多个黄体及不同发育阶段的卵泡;来曲唑组有较多囊状扩张卵泡,尤以30天组更明显,但黄体数量明显减少。与对照组比较,来曲唑组的T水平升高（P〈0.01）,E2、P水平降低（P〈0.01）,且21天组的FSH、LH水平升高（P〈0.05或0.01）。30天组的FSH、T水平明显低于与21天组（P〈0.05或0.01）。结论适当延长来曲唑的使用时间可使FSH水平降低、LH水平增加,卵巢多囊变更为典型。     

东北民猪生后卵巢的形态学发育

出生时民猪卵巢发育比哈白慢,生后民猪快于哈白,30kg时哈白卵巢仍保持内外皮质区的分区,外区有裸露卵母细胞,而民猪在50—60kg时已成熟。还发现猪卵泡的胚后发育始于共质体状,经合胞体状到裸露的卵母细胞,后围以单层扁平式立方上皮小卵泡;猪卵巢生殖上皮不全是单层,有复层的立方上皮,凹陷处更明显。     

MiR-143在山羊卵巢组织中的表达及功能分析

旨在分析miR-143在妊娠与非妊娠山羊卵巢组织中的表达情况,并探讨其在山羊卵巢功能发挥以及其他生物学过程中所起的作用。采用Solexa测序及荧光定量PCR技术在妊娠和非妊娠山羊卵巢组织中检测miR-143的表达水平,并对其进行靶基因预测和GO富集分析。Solexa测序在山羊卵巢中检测到miR-143的表达,共发现miR-143及其异构体1 074个,总拷贝数为109 523,平均拷贝数为102;定量结果显示miR-143在妊娠山羊卵巢中的表达量是非妊娠山羊的12倍且差异显著(P<0.05);GO分析表明miR-143广泛参与机体生殖发育、细胞增值分化等多个生物学过程。miR-143在妊娠山羊卵巢中的表达水平显著高于非妊娠山羊,而且其可能在卵巢激素分泌与作用应答、妊娠维持等生殖生物学过程中发挥潜在作用。     

Melatonin induction of gonadal quiescence in pinealectomized Syrian hamsters

Pinealectomized Syrian hamsters were injected thrice daily with 25 micrograms of melatonin per injection. The injections were administered at 3-hour intervals either during the day or during the night of a photoperiodic cycle of 14 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness. After 6 weeks of treatment with melatonin during the night, both pinealectomized and intact hamsters had reduced testis weight, and pinealectomized hamsters showed decreased levels of serum gonadotropins. Injection of melatonin during the day for 7 weeks either once (75 micrograms) a day or thrice (25 micrograms per injection) daily caused a reduction in testis weight in pinealectomized hamsters. Both pinealectomized and intact females injected with melatonin thrice daily during the day became anovulatory by week 7 of treatment. These results are similar to those observed when hamsters are exposed to a short photoperiod, suggesting that melatonin may be acting as a hormone in mediating the effects of photoperiod on the reproductive system of the Syrian hamster.     

p38MAPK信号通路选择性调节FSH对甾体生成 的诱导作用研究

利用乙烯雌酚(DES)处理23日龄SD大鼠,分离卵巢颗粒细胞(GC)进行无血清培养。结果表明,FSH(50ng/m1)处理GC,可迅速激活有丝分裂原蛋白激酶(p38MAPK),FSH处理5min便可观察到磷酸化的p38MAPK;FSH处理30min,磷酸化的p38MAPK水平达到最高;向培养液中加入H89(蛋白激酶A抑制剂,10μM),则显著抑制了FSH对p38MAPK的激活作用,提示这种激活作用依赖于蛋白激酶A(PKA)。用SB203580(p38MAPK抑制剂,20μM)抑制p38MAPK激活,则进一步提高了FSH对孕酮和甾体生成快速调节蛋白(StAR)的诱导作用,同时降低了FSH对雌激素生成的促进作用(p<0.01)。RT-PCR结果显示:抑制p38MAPK活性后,FSH对StARmRNA刺激作用明显增强,但对细胞色素P450芳香化酶(P450arom)mRNA的诱导作用却减弱了(p<0.05)。激光共聚焦和蛋白印迹结果显示:在GC中,StAR蛋白主要分布在线粒体中;与对照组相比,FSH显著提高了StAR的荧光强度和蛋白水平;抑制p38MAPK活性则增强了FSH对StAR蛋白表达的诱导作用。     

Study on Development of Northeast China Fine-fleece Sheep Fetal Follicles

Research on development of fetal ovary was traced to late 70 s. Histological study on fetal horse ovarian germinal epithelium was conducted[1], followed research on germcell proliferation was carried out[2]. In the late 80s,development of 37-118 dfetalrhesus ovaries were studied through continuous ultrathin sec-tion [3]. Histological study on late fetal rhesus ovaries were conducted [4]. It was believed that fetal ovaries had ability to biosynthesis estrogen and response to gonadotrophin after…