羊肚菌菌丝体液体培养产胞外多糖条件的研究

对羊肚菌菌丝体液体培养产胞外多糖的条件进行了研究。结果表明:羊肚菌的菌丝体深层发酵产胞外多糖的适宜培养基组成为:马铃薯汁20g/L,麸皮3g/L,K2HPO41g/L,KH2PO40.5g/L,MgSO40.50g/L;最适pH为7,温度25℃,溶氧为250mL三角瓶装液150mL,接种量为15%。当培养基中加入表面活性剂Tween80时对羊肚菌产胞外多糖有促进作用,加入量0.2%,羊肚菌的胞外多糖产量为1.677g/L,比未加时提高了33%。维生素VB6和VC对羊肚菌菌丝体生长及产胞外多糖有促进作用,当加入维生素VB6,胞外多糖产量达到最大为2.189g/L,比对照提高了40.4%。     

铆钉菇菌丝体液体培养产胞外多糖条件的研究

对铆钉菇菌丝体液体培养产胞外多糖的条件进行了研究;结果表明：铆钉菇的菌丝体深层发酵产胞外多糖的适宜培养基组成为：蔗糖20g/L,豆饼粉3g/L,K2HPO4 1．5g/L,KH2PO4 0．8g/L,MnSO4 0．01g/L;适宜温度28℃。pH7．0,装液量250mL三角瓶150mL,接种量15％。铆钉菇菌丝体液体培养7d,胞外多糖产量为4．54g/L,比初始产胞外多糖1．28g／L,提高了2．55倍。     

响应面法优化桑黄菌P037液体发酵培养基

采用响应面法(RSM)对桑黄菌(Phellinus igniarius)P037产胞外多糖的3种主要培养基成分蔗糖、玉米粉和酵母粉进行优化。采用多元二次回归方程拟合3种因素与胞外多糖产量之间的函数关系。通过岭脊分析,获得培养基中三因素最佳浓度:蔗糖3.05%,玉米粉1.93%,酵母粉0.62%,培养液胞外多糖含量为1.697×10-2g/mL。     

茯苓菌丝体液体培养条件的研究

通过正交试验,筛选出培养茯苓菌丝体的适宜培养基配方:葡萄糖25g,玉米浆10mL,KH2PO41.5g,MgSO40.75g,VB15mg,水1000mL。确定了摇瓶培养茯苓菌丝体适宜的接种量为10%,装液量为50mL/150mL的三角瓶。测定了发酵过程中菌丝体生物量、pH值、胞外多糖及胞内多糖含量的变化曲线。     

灵芝胞外多糖高产菌株筛选及其深层发酵培养基的优化

运用反馈抑制理论构建了耐灵芝胞外多糖 (EPS)反馈抑制的筛选模型。添加在筛选培养基中的其指示因子同源胞外多糖浓度为 2 .34g/L。将实验室保藏的 37株灵芝菌株输入该模型 ,即可检出耐灵芝胞外多糖反馈抑制作用最强、产胞外多糖能力最强的菌株GL0 2 9。然后在基础培养基的基础上用正交试验方法优化GL0 2 9深层发酵培养基。结果表明 ,组合碳源和组合氮源培养基最适合该菌株深层发酵生产灵芝胞外多糖。深层发酵培养基配方为 :蔗糖 10 g/L ,玉米粉15 g/L ,蛋白胨 2 g/L ,酵母膏 1g/L ,KCl 0 .5g/L ,KH2 PO4 ·7H2 O 0 .5 g/L ,pH自然。于 30℃、12 0r/min摇瓶培养 9d ,该菌株的胞外多糖产量高达 3.0 7g/L。     

中草药浸提液对黄绿蜜环菌生长的影响

将中草药浸提液添加到基础培养基中,研究6种中草药浸提液对黄绿蜜环菌生长的影响。结果表明:灵芝对黄绿蜜环菌生长有弱抑制作用,甘草、枸杞浸提液对黄绿蜜环菌的促进作用较强,二者最佳添加量均为4%。     

不同培养条件对元蘑菌丝生长的影响

以元蘑为试材,研究了碳源、氮源、pH、无机盐等不同培养条件对元蘑菌丝生长的影响.结果表明:当以元蘑菌丝生物量为指标时最适的培养基为马铃薯200 g,葡萄糖20 g,磷酸二氢钾2 g,水1 000 mL,pH 6；当以胞外多糖为指标时最适的培养基为马铃薯200 g,葡萄糖20 g,牛肉膏20 g,氯化钠2 g,水1 000 mL,pH 7.     

利用响应面法优化灰树花胞外多糖的培养基

为了提高灰树花胞外多糖的产量,应用响应面分析方法对灰树花培养基进行了优化。通过对模型方程的响应曲面图及其等高线图进行分析。结果表明:影响该菌发酵产糖的优化培养基(g/L):KH2PO42、MgSO41、VB10.02、麦麸50、葡萄糖20、玉米浆23.8、玉米粉19.7、豆饼粉5.2。在该培养基下胞外多糖产量为2.44g/L,比优化前的培养基产量提高了75.22%。     

响应面法优化青海野生双孢菇发酵培养基

以野生青海双孢菇(Agaricus bisporus(Lange)Imbach)为试材,以胞外多糖含量为响应值,在单因素试验的基础上,采用4因素4水平响应面分析法,研究了培养基中不同营养因子对其菌丝代谢胞外多糖含量的影响,以确定最佳野生双孢菇发酵培养基。结果表明:最优培养基为甘露醇19.83g·L~(-1),蛋白胨6.35g·L~(-1),维生素B121.61g·L~(-1),硫酸亚铁0.42g·L~(-1),胞外多糖含量最高可达2.002g·L~(-1),与试验模型预测值基本一致。     

白灵菇多糖液体发酵工艺的优化

以胞外多糖为指标,通过摇瓶培养的方式对白灵菇液体发酵培养基及培养条件进行了研究。结果表明,白灵菇液体发酵产胞外多糖的最佳培养基组合为：葡萄糖2%、蛋白胨0.75%、CaCl20.2%;白灵菇液体发酵产胞外多糖的最佳发酵条件为：起始pH值7.0,接种量20%,装液量120mL,培养天数6d。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.