盱眙县稻虾综合种养的现状、存在问题及对策

主要阐述了盱眙县利用稻田开展稻虾综合种养采取的推广措施和取得的成效,分析了存在的问题,提出了落实扶持政策、建设苗种繁育基地、稻虾连作与共作种养模式协同发展、品牌建设、加强技术示范与培训等对策,以进一步推动盱眙县稻虾综合种养技术的推广和发展。     

稻作方式对优质食味品种南粳9108的产量、品质及效益的影响

以南粳9108为试验材料,研究了不同稻作方式对优质稻品种产量、品质及效益的影响。结果表明,不同稻作方式实收单产由高到低依次为钵苗机插、毯苗机插、稻鸭共作和稻虾共作;整精米率由高到低依次为稻鸭共作、稻虾共作、钵苗机插和毯苗机插,垩白粒率及垩白度表现为钵苗机插最高、稻鸭共作最低,稻田综合种养模式稻米的外观品质表现较好。稻田综合种养模式降低了南粳9108稻米的蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量,适当提高了稻米的胶稠度,稻米RVA特征谱表现出消减值降低和崩解值提高,改善了蒸煮食味品质。经济效益由高到低依次为稻虾共作、稻鸭共作、钵苗机插、毯苗机插,综合种养模式的效益明显高于单一种稻模式。     

稻虾综合种养水稻品种筛选研究进展

稻虾（克氏原螯虾）综合种养是推进水稻绿色生产的重要方式,促进了水稻产业的提质增效,有利于水稻产业转型升级。近年来,稻虾综合种养在全国多地迅速推广,但当前稻虾还存在种养产量和效益不稳、稻虾种养技术亟待优化、尤其是优质高产抗倒水稻品种较为缺乏的问题。已有研究者针对稻虾连作或共生种养条件下的水稻品种选用开展了各有侧重的研究。本文阐述了目前稻虾种养下水稻品种筛选的研究进展,探讨了不同稻虾种养模式对水稻品种特性的要求,提出了今后稻虾种养品种选育和筛选应用的发展方向,可为提高稻虾综合种养质量和效益提供参考。     

扬州市稻田高效种养模式应用现状及发展对策

近年来,扬州市根据国家农业供给侧结构性调整要求,充分利用自然资源禀赋,开展了多种形式稻田种养模式的示范与推广。本文阐述了扬州市稻鸭共作、稻虾共作以及稻田改作荷藕-虾共作等高效种养模式的应用现状,以单纯种稻为对照,比较了各种模式的生产效益;分析了稻田高效种养模式示范推广过程中存在的主要问题,并提出了促进稻田高效种养模式可持续发展的若干对策。     

稻田综合种养主要模式及其研究进展

稻田综合种养作为中国稻作生产的重要组成部分，有着悠久的历史，历经上千年的演变逐步由散养形成了现代种植与养殖的配套技术体系，主要模式已由稻鸭、稻鱼发展为稻虾、稻蟹、稻鳖、稻蛙等多种种养结合模式，并取得较好的社会、生态和经济效益。综述了稻田综合种养的发展历程、应用及其种养模式，以及稻田综合种养下水稻生长及其经济、生态和社会效应，并且从田间工程改造、种养结合技术、产品品牌建设等方面论述了稻田综合种养中存在的问题，认为稻田综合种养的发展要强化政府引导、技术支撑和产业开发等，以期充分挖掘稻田综合种养的生产潜力，助力农业提质增效和绿色可持续发展。     

仪征市稻田综合种养调研报告

为分析仪征市稻田综合种养模式的发展现状及存在问题,探索出较适合当地发展的稻田综合种养模式,根据2017～2018年该市稻鸭、稻虾主要两种稻田综合种养模式的调查数据,分析了不同稻田生产模式在生产成本、经济效益上的差异,技术发展的成熟度,在该市的产业化程度,以及推广稻田综合种养存在的问题。调查表明,该市稻田综合种养存在规模化程度不够、基础设施薄弱、成本投入相对较高、品牌效益不突出、综合种养生态及社会效益提升有限等问题,需加大政府的扶持力度,加强稻田综合种养关键技术的培训宣传与推广,将稻田综合种养与当地农业生产实际情况相结合,因地制宜选择适宜当地自然条件的生产模式。     

稻虾共作种养模式的优势及综合配套技术

稻虾共作种养模式具有稻虾互利共生,投入少、效益高和有利于促进绿色农业发展等优势;介绍了水稻与小龙虾种养技术,涉及到稻田选择、品种选用、种植方式、肥水管理、病虫草害防治、开挖虾沟、种植水草、防逃设施、虾苗放养、捕捞等多方面内容。     

江西省稻渔综合种养产业发展特征及对策

为了解江西省稻渔综合种养产业发展状况,通过问卷调查方式,从产业发展基本特征、生产效益进行分析。结果表明,江西省稻渔综合种养以稻虾（占比70.77%）、稻鱼（占比15.16%）、稻蛙（占比6.59%）、稻鳖（占比4.79%）为主要模式,94.26%的稻渔综合种养土地规模在1~50 hm²之间,81.44%的稻渔综合种养以农场或合作社为经营主体。与传统稻作相比,稻渔综合种养模式综合收益平均增加5.30万元/hm²,化肥投入平均减少50.93%。15.27%的稻渔综合种养田为低产和冷浸田,有效提高了农村土地利用效率,社会效益显著。根据稻渔综合种养产业存在的问题,结合问卷调查中农户的建议,提出了应在政策、技术和品牌推广方面给予支持的建议。     

湘北“晚稻+鸭”生态种养技术及经济效益分析

稻鸭共作是我国传统的生态种养模式,通过实地考察益阳市赫山区王泥巴农业发展有限公司稻鸭种养基地,调查分析了其经济效益,了解湘北稻鸭共作模式在实际生产中的应用情况,并总结出了"晚稻+鸭"生态种养技术。     

盛泰优018在稻虾生态种养下的生产优势与高产栽培技术

2015~2017年的试验示范结果表明,盛泰优018在稻虾生态种养下具有早熟性、丰产性等优势,稻虾生态种养模式能明显延长小龙虾在虾田的生长期,实现虾肥稻丰高产高效生产。介绍了盛泰优018稻虾连作中机械化插秧高产栽培技术要点。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.